scholarly journals Graminicolous fungi from Poland. I. Fungi on halophyte Puccinellia distans

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chlebicki ◽  
Marlena Lembicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Epichloë Typhina ◽  
Ophiosphaerella Herpotricha

The host plant <i>Puccinellia distans</i> was found to be inhabited by the following fungi: <i>Acrospermum graminum, Cladosporium herbarum, Colletotrichum capsici, Dinemasporium slrigosum, Epichloë typhina, Guignardia graminicola, Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, Phaeosphaeria eustoma, Pleospora herbarum, Pyrenophora trichostoma, Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, Acrospermum graminum</i> and <i>Ophiosphaerella herpotricha</i> had not been earlier reported from Poland. On living stromata of <i>Epichloë typhina</i> a mycophilous <i>Alternaria</i> sp. was noted. Mycological data have been used to establish the allocation and relation of the genus <i>Puccinellia</i> with other similar grass genera.

scholarly journals Man-made habitats - hotspots of evolutionary game between grass, fungus and fly

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Lembicz ◽  
Paweł Olejniczak ◽  
Ziemowit Olszanowski ◽  
Karolina Górzyńska ◽  
Adrian Leuchtmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
New Man ◽  
Epichloë Typhina ◽  
Vegetative Season

Man-made habitats - hotspots of evolutionary game between grass, fungus and flyThe origin and effects of an evolutionary game between species from three different kingdoms (plants, fungi and animals) are presented. We provide scientific evidence that the interaction discovered in man-made habitats leads to an early stage of coevolution. The grassPuccinellia distanswas observed to rapidly spread in new man-made habitats, while at the same time, it was colonised by the fungusEpichloë typhina.The invasion of infected grasses is accompanied by alterations in life histories of both species:P. distansdeveloped features promoting long-distance spreading, whereasE. typhinachanged its life cycle by forming sexual structures for the second time, later in the vegetative season. This enables the fungus to make use of the late shoots of the grass for sexual reproduction, even though it cannot be completed because the vector of spermatia necessary for fertilisation, femaleBotanophilaflies, is not present at that time. This indicates that such uncoordinated evolutionary processes had taken place before interactions between organisms became so specialised that it is difficult to presume they were the result of natural selection. Moreover, these processes could have been initiated in man-made habitats that, in particular circumstances, can become coevolutionary hotspots.

scholarly journals The fungus Epichloë typhina in populations of a halophyte Puccinellia distans: salinity as a possible inhibitor of infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Lembicz ◽  
Paweł Olejniczak
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Spring Generation ◽  
Epichloë Typhina ◽  
Composition Characteristic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Choke Disease

<em>Puccinellia distans</em> is a non-agricultural halophytic grass that has become another host plant for <em>Epichloe typhina</em>, hitherto not reported from Poland. In 1992 we noticed the first symptoms of choke disease in a single population of <em>P. distans</em> in central Poland. Since then we have observed choke disease in 5 populations of <em>P. distans</em> only in man-made habitats. These habitats are strongly anthropogenically salinated but they exhibit the pattern of species composition characteristic of natural salines. In this paper we test the hypothesis that the level of salinity affects the infection of <em>P. distans</em> by the fungus <em>E. typhina</em>. Seven plots were established in the field and each plot was divided into 25 subplots. Within each plot the level of infection in a spring generation of shoots was negatively correlated with salinity (common regression within the plots, beta = -0.674, df = 117, p &lt; 0.001). Negative correlation was also found in an autumn generation within the plots (beta = -0.682, df = 94, p &lt; 0.001) after excluding plot P in which the frequency of infected individuals was the lowest and equal only to 0.05. The proportion of individuals infected by the endophytic stage of the fungus in the populations was assessed using diagnostic polymerase chain reaction. The greatest percentage (98.3%) of infected individuals was found in the population growing in the habitat of the lowest salinity. The high salinity reduces the chance of <em>P. distans</em> to become infected, but may promote the stroma formation of <em>E. typhina</em> twice in the season. Disease expression in autumn clearly represents a misadaptation which could be explained by the fact that the species interactions described here appeared relatively recently as a result of human activity. This hypothesis requires further experimental verification.

Effect of Epichloë typhina fungal endophyte on the diversity and incidence of other fungi in Puccinellia distans wild grass seeds

Flora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Górzyńska ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
Teresa Anielska ◽  
Katarzyna Turnau ◽  
Marlena Lembicz
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Wild Grass ◽  
Epichloë Typhina

The distribution of Epichloe typhina in natural plant populations of the host plant Calamagrostis purpurea

Ecography ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Wennstrom
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Epichloë Typhina

scholarly journals Incidence, Identification, and Mycoparasitic Activity of Clonostachys epichloë, a Hyperparasite of the Fungal Endophyte Epichloë typhina

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1973-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Górzyńska ◽  
Magdalena Ślachetka ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
Katarzyna Turnau ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Epichloë Typhina ◽  
Choke Disease

Fungi of the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) cause choke disease in many grass species. The disease manifests itself as fungal stromata that form around developing inflorescences, thereby suppressing their maturation. Economic losses in agricultural production due to choke have long been known in the U.S.A. and France, but attempts to control choke disease have not been successful. The interaction between Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. and its naturally occurring fungal hyperparasite, Clonostachys epichloë (Speg.) Schroers (sexual morph Bionectria epichloë) was investigated in populations of the grass Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. Fungal hyperparasites occur widely in nature, and many are successfully used commercially as biological control agents against plant pathogenic fungi. Microscopy of Epichloë stromata infected with C. epichloë revealed a lack of asci with ascospores in perithecia and damage to mycelia at sites colonized by C. epichloë. The ability of C. epichloë to colonize E. typhina was confirmed via two in vitro experiments. The percent inhibition of growth of E. typhina strains by C. epichloë varied from 18.40 to 46.50%, and the mycoparasite colonized up to 100% of Epichloë mycelia in a precolonization experiment. We discuss the possibility of using C. epichloë to control choke disease caused by E. typhina in grass populations.

The distribution of Epichloe typhina in natural plant populations of the host plant Calamagrostis purpurea

Ecography ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Anders Wennstróm
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Epichloë Typhina

Mango: A new host plant for the lycaeinid Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
J. Nayanathara ◽  
R. Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868) is reported on mango for the first time.

Mycotoxic effect of Abrus precatorius and Rauvolfia tetraphylla root extracts on the growth of Colletotrichum capsici.

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Rangarajulu Senthil Kumaran ◽  
Balasubramanian Kannabiran
Keyword(s):  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Rauvolfia Tetraphylla

The description of a new Bruchophagus species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Descr. (Fabaceae) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M.D. Zerova ◽  
A. Al-Sendi ◽  
V.N. Fursov ◽  
H. Adeli-Manesh ◽  
S.E. Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The new species, Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n., is reared from seed pods of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. (Fabaceae) in Iran (Lorestan). The new species is close to B. platypterus (Walk.), but differs by roundish abdomen and very gibbous, almost globular (in lateral view) mesosoma. These species can be also differentiated by some biological features. The host plant of B. platypterus is Lotus corniculatus L., whereas the new species is reared from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. Holotype of Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n. is deposited in the collection of I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv).

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