scholarly journals Effectiveness of different methods of preparing seedlings of cereals under sterile conditions for investigations of nucleic acids using radioactive precursors

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
W. Filek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Solid Substratum ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

On seedlings grown from grain not sterilized in advance bacteria numbered more than 10<sup>8</sup> microorganisms per one gram of fresh weight. Washing of seedlings with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium lauryl sulphate solutions reduced the number of bacteria several times. Sterilization of grains prior to planting with sodium hypochlorite and germination on solid substratum (perlit) reduced the number of bacteria to below 10<sup>4</sup> microorganisms to one gram of fresh weight. If germination was, however, in water, bacteria on the seedlings were approximately as numerous as on seedlings from mon-sterilized grains. Of the three antibiotics tested (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin) the most effective against the bacteria of wheat seedlings was chloramphenicol coupled with streptomycin; of antibiotics used singly chloramphenicol was best.

CHLOROPHYLL, PROTEIN, AND NUCLEIC ACID LEVELS IN DETACHED, SENESCING WHEAT LEAVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
W. A. Quick
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Chloroplast Rna ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Excised primary leaves of Little Club and Khapli wheats were allowed to senesce on water or on kinetin (10 mg/l.) for 6 to 8 days. Histological sections taken at 2-day intervals were stained for RNA, DNA, histone, and total protein. Twenty-five or thirty leaves were analyzed daily for chlorophyll, protein, and nucleic acids. Oxygen uptake was also measured. Examination of the sections showed that leaves senescing on water underwent rapid losses in chloroplast RNA and protein and in nuclear RNA. Losses in DNA, histone, and total nuclear protein were delayed until the nuclei disintegrated. These observations are correlated with the analytical results. The latter revealed statistically significant losses in chlorophyll, protein, and nucleic acid contents with time. The losses in nucleic acids were due mainly, if not entirely, to losses in RNA. Oxygen uptake per gram fresh weight in the leaves on water did not change significantly with days after excision. Kinetin significantly delayed losses in chlorophyll, RNA, and protein, and depressed oxygen uptake. Certain differences between the two varieties of wheat are described, including the more rapid loss of nucleic acid in Khapli.

scholarly journals Chlorine and its importance in the inactivation of bacteria, can it inactivate viruses?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Nayzzel Muñoz-Castellanos ◽  
Alejandra Borrego-Loya ◽  
Cindy Viviana Villalba-Bejarano ◽  
Román González-Escobedo ◽  
Nuvia Orduño-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and its active ingredient, hypochlorous acid (HClO), are the most widely used chlorine-based disinfectants. HClO is a fast-acting antimicrobial that interacts with many biomolecules, including amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and sulfur containing membrane components, causing cell damage. In this review, we present examples of the effectiveness of chlorine in general disinfection procedures to inactivate bacteria and, under some conditions, bacteria in biofilms and viruses.

scholarly journals Reaction of Sodium Hypochlorite with Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2189-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIKOYA HAYATSU ◽  
SHOEKUNG PAN ◽  
TYUNOSIN UKITA
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite

Pathogenic effects of Heterodera avenae and Rhizoctonia solani and their interaction on wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

The effects of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera arenae and the fungus Rhizoctonin solani on the growth of wheat seedlings were examined under glasshouse conditions. In combination, the pathogens caused significantly greater reduction in tillering, plant height, fresh weight, and root number and length than that caused by either pathogen when acting alone. Reduction in plant height, root number, and root length were the result of interaction. Nematode-fungus interaction may be the cause of disease in the field usually attributed to only one of these pathogens.

Changes in proton efflux of intact wheat roots induced by Azospirillum brasilense Cd

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony ◽  
Girma Mitiku
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Proton Extrusion ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Bacterial Cultures

Inoculation of wheat seedings with Azospirillum brasilense Cd increased proton efflux from the roots. Inoculation of seeds or young seedlings using bacterial cultures at the logarithmic phase of growth caused the strongest proton extrusion. The increased effect lasted up to 20 h. No difference was detected between inoculated and noninoculated plants 20 h after inoculation. Both inoculated and noninoculated plants decreased the final pH of the nutrient solution to 3.2 and had an average proton extrusion of 4.3 μmol H+ ∙ (g fresh weight)−1∙h−1. Azospirillum brasilense Cd inoculation of wheat roots in which proton efflux was inhibited by the addition of either nitrate, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or orthovanadate resulted in partial recovery of proton efflux activity in these roots. Inoculation of wheat seedlings also changed the regular pattern of root proton efflux over prolonged periods of time. It is suggested that A. brasilense Cd inoculation influenced membrane activity and subsequent proton efflux in roots of wheat seedlings.Key words: Azospirillum, plant–bacteria interaction, proton efflux, rhizosphere bacteria, Triticum aestivum, wheat.

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