The Effects of Lubricants on the Disintegration and Dissolution Profile of Metronidazole Tablets Formulated Using Sida acuta Gum as a Binder

Aims: This research was done to study the effects of types and concentrations of lubricants on the dissolution and disintegration profile of metronidazole tablets formulated using Sida acuta gum as a binder. Methodology: Sida acuta gum (SAG) was extracted from powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta. Metronidazole granules were produced by wet granulation technique using different concentrations (1 and 2%) of SAG as a binder and mixed with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) of magnesium stearate (MS) or sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a lubricant. The granules/lubricant -mix was compressed into tablets and evaluated for hardness, weight uniformity, drug content, disintegration time, friability and in vitro drug release. Results: The hardness for the tablets was from 4.08 to 7.97 Kgf. The friability was from 0.02±0.45 to 3.40±0.43%. Tablets from formulations A1-A3, B2, and B3 failed the friability test. Formulations prepared with 1% SAG were more friable than those formulated with 2% SAG. Disintegration time for formulations A1-A3 (1% SAG + MS) ranged from 19.07 to 63.5 min, while that of A4-A6 (2% SAG + MS) was from 39.06 to 81.48 min. Formulations B1-B3 (1% SAG + SLS) had disintegration time that ranged from 4.22 to 6.8 min while that of B4-B6 (2% SAG + SLS) was from 9.35 to 15.90 min. The % drug release at 60 min for formulations that contained SAG and MS was 76.60-104.28% and SAG and SLS was 99.89-101.35% Conclusion: Metronidazole tablets formulated using SLS as lubricant disintegrated faster than those formulated using magnesium stearate as lubricant. Percentage drug release from tablets containing SLS was slightly higher than those that contained magnesium stearate. Higher concentrations of the lubricants produced softer tablets.

Studies on Sodium lauryl sulphate supported Thorium(IV) phosphate: A New Surfactant supported Cation exchange resin, Useful in Water Purification

Background: With increasing population and decreased quality of drinking water, there is a great demand for the development of new materials and methods that can find applications in the purification of water. This paper presents our small effort from pollution to solution by presenting the synthesis method of new sodium lauryl sulphate supported thorium(IV) phosphate, its characterization, and disquisition of analytical applications by executing some dual separations of calcium. Methods: Sodium lauryl sulphate thorium(IV) phosphate was synthesized by sol gel method. The synthesized exchanger was characterized by some physico-chemical studies like powdered X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis, EDAX and Fourier transform-infrared study and was also checked for its competency towards the ion exchange processes and in analytical chemistry. Results: The prominent characteristic of Sodium lauryl sulphate supported Thorium(IV) phosphate has been its tremendously high ion exchange capacity for sodium ions (3.10 meq/g) which is almost two and half times more than the exchange capacity of Thorium(IV) phosphate (ThP), i.e., 1.3 meq/g. The material was resulted in fibrous sheet which is quite thermally, mechanically stable and poorly crystalline. The material has shown selectivity towards Ca2+ and Hg2+ ions. Conclusion: The synthesized cation exchange material has been found quite thermally stable, showing drastically high exchange capacity and selectivity towards Hg2+ and Ca2+ metal ions which might be because of the use of an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate while synthesis of Th(IV) phosphate which has played a key role in enhancing the exchange capacity and adsorption of specific metals as well. Therefore, based on the results obtained, the above said materials can find applications in water purification processes and also, in environmental pollution control where removal of Hg2+ and Ca2+ is required.

Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Termodifikasi Surfaktan Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SMAC-SLS) dari Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Aktivator ZnCl2 dan Gelombang Mikro Sebagai Adsorben Kation Pb(II)

Penelitian tentang modifikasi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dengan surfaktan sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) telah dilakukan sebagai adsorben logam Pb(II). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat material baru Surfactant Modificated Activated Carbon (SMAC) dari tempurung kelapa yang lebih unggul dari karbon aktif untuk adsorben logam Pb(II). Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap, tahap pertama adalah karbonisasi tempurung kelapa mengunakan pirolisis pada temperatur 400oC selama 1 jam, tahap kedua aktivasi menggunakan ZnCl2 30% dan radisasi gelombang mikro dengan daya bervariasi 80 -800 W selama waktu bervariasi 1 – 9 menit, tahap ketiga modifikasi karbon aktif menggunakan SLS 60 ppm selama 4 jam dan selanjutnya tahap aplikasi SMAC untuk adsorben logam Pb. Karakterisasi SMAC dilakukan adalah dengan FTIR, GSA, SEM dan data termodinamika. keberhasilan adsorpsi SMAC diukur dengan menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi. Hasil modifikasi menunjukkan karbon aktif dapat mengadsorpsi SLS sebesar 1,496 mg/g. Karakterisasi SMAC dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya pucak S=O pada bilangan gelombang 1341 cm-1, karakterisasi dengan GSA menunjukkan luas area SMAC lebih kecil dari karbon aktif yaitu sebesar 3,924 m2/g, morfologi permukaan SMAC sebagian besar tertutup oleh surfaktan SLS dan data termodinamika memberikan nilai entalpi sebesar -10,282 kJ/mol yang menunjukkan interaksi antara karbon aktif dan SLS merupakan interaksi atau adsorpsi secara fisik. SMAC efektif mengadsorpsi logam Pb(II) dengan efisiensi sebesar 99,89% dan kapasitas sebesar 1,498 mg/g dan interaksi antara SMAC dengan kation Pb (II) merupakan interaksi elektrostatis.Kata Kunci: SMAC, Kapasitas Adsorpsi, kation Pb

Enhancement of Photogalvanic Effect of Toluidine Blue Dye using Sodium Lauryl Sulphate as an Efficient Additive for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

In photogalvanic cells, electron transfer reactions can lead to the inexpensive production of solar power with an inherent storage capacity because in solution, the ions involved act as mobile charges through diffusion. This study improved the storage capacity and solar power of photogalvanic cells comprising ethylenediamine acetic acid (EDTA), toluidine blue and sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS) as a reductant, photosensitizer and surfactant, respectively. The observed maximum photocurrent, photopotential, and open circuit voltage, of the photogalvanic cell were 150 A, 743 mV and 1065 mV, respectively. The efficiency of conversion cells was approximately 0.2630%. In the dark, the storage capacity (t0.5) was 124 min for the photogalvanic cell. The optimization of the influence of different parameters such as variation in photosensitizer concentration, surfactant, reductant, pH, and temperature as well as the electrical output was performed. A mechanism was proposed for photocurrent generation in the photogalvanic cell.

Features of Ultrafiltration Purification of Waste Water from Sodium Lauryl Sulphate

A study of the process of ultrafiltration separation of a solution containing an anionic surfactant on membranes of different types: cellulose acetate and polysulfonamide was carried out. It was found that the material of the active layer of the composite membrane has a significant effect on the ultrafiltration separation of such solutions. High values of the retention coefficient during ultrafiltration separation of solutions containing anionic surfactants were obtained in dilute solutions.