Efek Pemberian Biskuit Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Dengan Jenis Tepung Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertambahan Berat Tubuh Mencit

The objective of the study was to know the effect of biskuit made of different flour materials mixed with catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) on the body weight increment of rat. This study was conducted from January - May 2020 under an experimental method. It used Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications: catfish biskuit processed with flour (O), tapioca (A), rice flour (B), cornstarch (C). Results showed that the administration of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) biscuit processed with different flour highly significantly influenced the weight increment of the rat.

The Correlation Between Weight Increment and Stunting in Children 0-24 Months

Globally in 2016, 22.9% or 154.8 million children under 5 years of age suffered from child stunting. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 19.3% and in east java it reaches almost 30%. Negative effect of stunting cannot be repair or irreversibel, especially brain damage and the management of stunting is complex, so preventing and reducing child become stunting is more important. Analysis of growth patterns and the detection of aberrant growth patterns provide critical information for the detection of pathologic conditions. Weight-for-age is the most commonly used index of nutritional status. Weight loss, or failure to gain normally, is often the first sign of pathology. If routine weight measurements could be used to detect the risk of linear growth faltering, the role of posyandu in stunting prevention could be enhanced. Purpose of this study is to find a relationship of weight increment in 2, 3, 4, and 6 month and stunting in children aged 0-24 months. There was a significant correlation weight increment for 6 months with stunting (r= -0.432, p=0.004) Keywords: weight increment; stunting; growth interpretation

PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SOMATIK PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau P. alpina KDS.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat asli Indonesia endemik dataran tinggidan pada saat ini dibudidayakan secara terbatas di Dataran Tinggi Dieng.Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk memperluas arealpengembangan tanaman ini adalah melalui perakitan varietas tolerandataran rendah atau menengah, yang antara lain dapat diperoleh melaluipendekatan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi yang dapat dilakukansecara in vitro. Pengaruh cekaman suhu tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan danperkembangan purwoceng secara in vitro sejauh ini belum diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng secara invitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor mulai Oktober2007 – Maret 2008. Embrio somatik purwoceng diinduksi dari eksplandaun aseptik. Embrio somatik fase globuler yang terbentuk dipergunakansebagai eksplan kemudian diinkubasi pada tiga taraf suhu ruang yaitu 17,3± 0,5ºC (kontrol), 23,3 ± 2,1ºC, dan 32,8 ± 1,7ºC selama 3 bulan dengansub kultur setiap bulan sampai terbentuk planlet/tunas. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplanembrio somatik yang meliputi penambahan bobot segar eksplan,persentase eksplan yang membentuk tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentukper eksplan serta persentase eksplan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yangdiamati. Rata-rata penambahan bobot segar, persentase eksplanmembentuk tunas, jumlah tunas per eksplan dan persentase eksplan hidupsemakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya suhu inkubasi. Suhu 32,8± 1,7ºC memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng dibandingkansuhu kontrol dan 23,3 ± 2,1ºC sejak periode inkubasi 1 bulan. Sedangkansuhu 23,3 ± 2,1ºC baru memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyatasetelah periode inkubasi 3 bulan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, embrio somatik, suhu, pertumbuhan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of temperature incubation on growth and de-velopment of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)somatic embryos</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., P. alpina KDS.) is one ofIndonesian medicinal plants. It is high altitude endemic species which iscurrently cultivated on a limited areas in the Dieng Plateau. One effort toexpand purwoceng cultivation areas is through the assembly ofpurwoceng varieties tolerant to low or medium altitude, among others, canbe obtained through the approach of selection for high temperaturetolerance that can be done by in vitro selection. How high temperaturestress influencing the growth and development of purwoceng somaticembryos is not known yet. The research aimed at determining theinfluence of incubation temperature on the growth and development ofpurwoceng somatic embryos. The research was conducted at tissue culturelaboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI) from October 2007 – March 2008. Purwoceng somaticembryos induced from aseptic leaves incubated at three levels of roomtemperature i.e. 17.3 ± 0.5 º C (control), 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC, and 32.8 ± 1.7 º Cfor 3 months with a subculture every month. Variables observed wereexplants fresh weight increment, percentage of explants forming shoot,number of shoot per explants, and percentage of survive explants. Theresult showed that the average of explants fresh weight increment,percentage of explants forming shoot, number of shoot per explants, andpercentage of survive explants decreased with the increase of temperature.The growth and development of purwoceng somatic embryos weresignificantly inhibited at the temperature of 32.8 ± 1.7ºC since one monthafter incubation, while the inhibition of temperature of 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC wasnot significant except after 3 month of incubation.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, somatic embryos, temperature, growth</p>

Bovine Colostrum For Prevention Of Late Onset Sepsis In Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Control Trial

Objective to determine whether gut priming with bovine colostrum reduces nosocomial sepsis episodes and to determine its effect on sepsis severity and weight increment. Study Design In this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial, infants born before 34 weeks were assigned to receive either placebo (n 33) or bovine colostrum (n 32) as gut priming. Episodes of nosocomial sepsis (diagnosed by using Rodwell and Töllner sepsis scores) were recorded. A third comparison was made with standard care group of preterm neonates (n 17). Results Fewer sepsis episodes were observed in bovine colostrum-treated infants (3 vs. 6, p-value 0.482) with none developed severe sepsis. There was no significant difference in the weight increment (p-value 0.355) Conclusion Gut priming with oral Bovine Colostrum decreases severe sepsis in preterm neonates.

The Body Weights’ Follow Up Before and After 6 Months Therapy of Oral Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy in Children in Medan, Sumatra Utara

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains an important issue of children health, particularly in developing countries. Body Weight is one of the tuberculosis symptoms and used to identified children tuberculosis scoring in Indonesia. AIM: The study aims to get an overview of body weight and body weight increment during oral anti-tuberculosis in Medan, Sumatra Utara. METHODS: Medical records of children with tuberculosis in the Haji Hospital of Sumatra Utara located in Medan during January 2018 till July 2018 were compiled for the children characteristic, body weight before and after oral anti-tuberculosis treatment. RESULTS: There were 99 children medical records included in the study, 42.4% children 1 to 5 years old treated as tuberculosis. At the early treatment, many children were in severe malnutrition (85%). However, after 6 months of tuberculosis treatment, there were many children (78%) got their body weight increment. CONCLUSION: Body weight is an important sign and symptom of children with tuberculosis.

THE EFFECT OF JAMU FORMULAS ON BODY WEIGHT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND ANTIBODY TITER IN CHICKEN / Pengaruh Jenis Jamu terhadap Bobot Badan, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Titer Antibodi Ayam

<p>Medicinal plants are useful to increase body immunity, body weight, appetite, and improve health both for human and animal. The research aimed to obtain functional drink formula for chicken, called jamu, made with spices and medicinal plants. These trials consisted of 3 activities; first, raw materials preparation include fermentation and extraction, second, functional drink formulation in form liquid and powder with pH and IC50 value as parameters, third, efficacy test of formulas that had the strongest antioxidant. The treatments were categorized as group I (chicken were fed with jamu, without vaccination), group II (fed with jamu for two weeks then vaccinated), group III (jamu feeding complemented by vaccination), group IV (control, only vaccination). The third activity was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. Parameters observed were body weight increment and antibody titer. The fermentation time and formula composition showed no significant effect on pH until the third day (4.31 - 4.68), but they indicated significant effect on pH from the fourth day, declined until the seventh day (3.65-4.26). The type and compositions of the formula significantly affected IC50 value. The smallest of IC50 value of liquid and powder formulas were 7796.25 ppm and 244.57 ppm, respectively. The incremental body weight regarding liquid, powder, and control formulas were 365.55 g / week, 351.22 g / week, and 326.66 g / week, respectively. The highest antibody titer was at group III that had 4.50 (log 2), whereas control was 3.30 (log2). The combination feeding, jamu formula and vaccine, was able to increase body weight increment and antibody titer on chicken.</p><p>Keywords: medicinal plants, functional drink, IC50, broilers, antibody titers</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman obat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, bobot badan, nafsu makan, mencegah penyakit, serta pemulihan kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional untuk ayam berbasis tanaman rempah dan obat. Kegiatan meliputi 3 aktivitas (1) Penanganan bahan baku, fermentasi dan ekstraksi (2) Formulasi minuman fungsional (cair dan serbuk) dengan parameter pH dan nilai IC50. (3) Uji efikasi formula cair dan serbuk yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Perlakuan: kelompok I, ayam hanya diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok II, ayam diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu sebelum vaksinasi, kelompok III, ayam divaksin sebelum diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok IV, ayam hanya divaksinasi. Kegiatan (3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan parameter pengamatan yaitu penambahan bobot badan dan titer antibodi. Waktu fermentasi dan komposisi formula tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan pada pH sampai hari ketiga (4,31-4,68), namun signifikan pada hari keempat ditandai dengan penurunan pH sampai hari ketujuh (3,65-4,26). Jenis dan komposisi formula secara signifikan mempengaruhi nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 terkecil dari formula cair adalah 7796,25 ppm dan serbuk 244,57 ppm. Kenaikan berat badan dengan formula jamu cair yaitu 365,55 g / minggu, serbuk 351,22 g / minggu dan kontrol 326,66 g / minggu. Titer antibodi tertinggi adalah 4,50 (log2) yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok III, sedangkan kontrol 3,30 (log2). Minuman fungsional (jamu) ditambah dengan vaksinasi mampu meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan dan titer antibodi ayam.</p><p>Kata kunci: Tanaman obat, minuman fungsional, IC50, ayam broiler, titer antibodi</p>

Cascading failure in interconnected weighted networks based on the state of link

Recently the robustness of coupled network under cascading failure has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we investigate the cascading failure of the interconnected weighted networks based on the state of link. The load on one link is defined by a function of the strength of the two nodes at the ends of that link, using four intentional attack strategies, we study the invulnerability of the interconnected weighted networks when cascading failure occurs. Our studies show that when the link with highest load is attacked, the damage to the network will be more serious by attacking the inner-link with highest load than that caused by attacking the coupling link with highest load, and no matter how the coupling links distribute, there are two thresholds. In addition, we find that the larger the weight increment in the model or the smaller the network’s mean clustering coefficient, the stronger the ability of the network to resist cascading failure when the inner-link with highest load is attacked, while the weaker the ability of the network to suppress the cascading failure when the inner-link with lowest load is attacked.

Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. I. Comparative studies on the influence of the Ca:Mg ratio on nitrogen metabolism in relation to absorption of nitrates or ammonium salts

A change in the Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution from the value optimal for tomato growth (3:1) to an unsuitable value (3:30) increases several times Mg²⁺ accumulation with simultaneous reduction of Ca²⁺ accumulation independently from the absorption of mineral nitrogen from, viz. NO₃ - or NH₄,- ions. Tomato seedlings receiving nitrogen in the form of NH₄ show a complete tolerance to the unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution, whereas those supplied with NO₃ react by growth inhibition, reduced dry weight increment and protein weight and inhibition of nitrogen reductase (NR) activity. It is suggested that the reaction of plants to an excess of Mg²⁺ in the nutrient solution in relation to Ca²⁺ depends above all on the form in which nitrogen is supplied to the plants. It was found that the reduction of dry weight increment and protein synthesis preceded in time NR activity inhibition. Accumulation of excess Mg²⁺ and decreased Ca²⁺ accumulation occur rather rapidly. It is, therefore, supposed that the excess of accumulated Mg²⁺ induces a physiological deficit of Ca²⁺ in the tissue of plants taking up NO₃ nitrogen. This calcium deficit leads to inhibtion of nitrate assimilation.

Dynamika przyrostu masy i produktywność stokłosy bezostnej i stokłosy uniolowatej przy zróżnicowanym nawożeniu azotem w doświadczeniu polowym. Cz. I. Wskaźniki produktywności i plony [Dynamics of mass increase and productivity of smooth brome grass and rescue grass with different nitrogen fertilization in field experiments. Part I. Indexes of productivity and yields]

On the basis of daily dry weight increment and assimilation area of the investigated plants the production indexes NAR, LAI and CGR and yields of dry weight were calculated for three years. The comparison of indexes and yields showed that the dynamics and mass increment of rescue grass are higher that those of smooth brome grass.

Effectiveness of humic compounds in dependence on calcium content in water tomato cultures

The influence of Na-humate and its fractions on dry weight increment of tomato seedlings in water culture and their calcium uptake in conditions of its deficit in the medium were investigated. Only fraction II of Na-humate was found to exert a significant effect; unfractionated Na-humate and fraction I had no noticeable influence.