scholarly journals The effects of lead on photosynthesis, 14C distribution among photoassimilates and transpiration of maize seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy W. Poskuta ◽  
Eugeniusz Parys ◽  
Elżbieta Romanowska ◽  
Halina Gajdzis-Gujdan ◽  
Barbara Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Organic Acids And Sugars ◽  
Treatment Concentration

Roots of whole 3 week-old seedlings of maize were exposed for 24 h to a solution of PbCl<sub>2</sub>. The concentrations of Pb were: 0, 200, 400, 800, 1200, 2400 mg dm<sup>-3</sup>. The amount of Pb taken up by roots was independent of the concentration of this element in the medium. The Pb taken up by shoots increased linearly with increasing treatment concentration. Pb caused: concentration-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis (PS), transpiration (T), <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and incorporation of label into photosynthetic products. The largest limitation by Pb of the flow of photoassimilated carbon occurred into starch and sugar phosphates. Among the water-soluble photoassimilates, the largest limitation of carbon flow occurred into organic acids and sugars and the smallest into amino acids.

Chemistry of non-enzymic browning. II. Reactions between Amino Acids, Organic Acids, and sugars in freeze-dried Apricots and Peaches

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFLJ Anet ◽  
TM Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enzymic Browning ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids And Sugars

The water-soluble constituents of apricot and peach purees were examined qualitatively and quantitatively before and after storage for 4 to 16 months at 25 �C and 70 per cent. R.H. All samples contained all the amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and polyols previously detected (Reynolds 1967 ; Anet and Reynolds 1955a, 1966b ; Ash and Reynolds 1955a, 1955b) in the two species of fruit. The stored samples also contained the following compounds : eleven 1-(N-amino acid)-1-deoxyfructoses, traces of two 2-(N-amino acid)-2-deoxyglucoses, nine by-products of unknown constitution formed from the reaction between glucose and aspartic acid and glucose and asparagine, three compounds formed from ammonia and glucose, two series of sucrose, glucose, and fructose mono-esters of malic acid, traces of a sorbitol mono-ester of malic acid, and some sugar mono-esters of citric acid.�The free amino acid or organic acid lost was equal, on a molar basis, to the amino acid-deoxyfructoses (and related compounds) and sugar esters formed. After allowing for these derivatives as much as 7 per cent. of the total sugar (calculated as hexoses) originally present could not be accounted for.

scholarly journals Dominant amino acids, organic acids and sugars in water-soluble root exudates of C4 plants: a mini-review

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Hana Kaňová ◽  
Klement Rejšek ◽  
Pavel Formánek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids And Sugars

The aim of this mini-review was to identify the dominant carbohydrates, organic acids and amino ­acids in water-soluble root exudates of plants which represent dominant compounds there. The study is focused on plants of C4-type of metabolism taking into account available literature. From group of carbohydrates, those dominant are represented glucose, fructose, arabinose and sucrose. Between dominant amino acids occurring in root exudates of C4-metabolism plants are alanine, se­rine, arginine, glutamine, glutamic and aspartic acid, glycine, proline, cystine, lysine and g-aminobutyric acid. Citric, malic, tartaric, succinic, trans-aconitic represent the dominant organic acids. This knowledge may be useful for planning analyses of these compounds in root exudates of C4plants. Except for this preparation of synthetic root exudates to simulate rhizosphere of C4plants may be performed based on these results.

Effect of Salinity on Photosynthetic 14CO2 Fixation and Amino Acid Pools of Bellerochea yucatanensis (v. Stosch) and Thalassiosira rotula (Meunier)

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Günter Döhler ◽  
Joachim Zink
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
14Co2 Fixation ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Abstract The marine diatoms Bellerochea yucatanensis and Thalassiosira rotula were grown at different salinities (20/25, 35, and 40/45‰ salinity (S), respectively) under normal air (0.035 vol.% CO2). No significant variations in the percentage of gross photosynthetic products (e.g. total amino acids, sugar phosphates) were found as a function of salinity during growth. The bulk of the soluble 14C-radioactivity was detected in amino acids. 14C-labelling of glutamine increased markedly with salinity. Low salt - grown algae are characterized by enhanced amino acid pools, mainly of aspartic acid, asparagine and glutamine. It was found that the tested amino acids are not involved in osmoregulation.

Reactions between Amino-Acids, Organic Acids and Sugars in Freeze-dried Apricots

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 177 (4519) ◽  
pp. 1082-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. L. J. ANET ◽  
T. M. REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Organic Acids And Sugars

scholarly journals The effect of microorganisms and heavy metals on the exudation of low molecular weight organic compounds by plant roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Belimov ◽  
◽  
A. I. Shaposhnikov ◽  
D. S. Syrova ◽  
T. S. Azarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Variovorax Paradoxus ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Pea Mutant ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Organic Acids And Sugars

The aim of our research was to study the effect of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Variovorax paradoxus) and toxic elements (Al, Cd and Hg) on the root exudation in various pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. For this, methods of periodic cultures, gnotobiotic plant-microbial systems, ICPE and UPLC were used. It was established that rhizobacteria actively utilized organic acids and sugars secreted by the roots and contributed to an increase in pH and Al immobilization in the rhizosphere. Cadmium increased the exudation of many substances of pea line SGE, but this effect was more pronounced in the mutant SGECdt. Stimulation of the exudation of amino acids was detected during Hg treatment to a greater extent in wild-type SGE. The combined action of Cd and Hg did not lead to a further increase in exudation. The results obtained indicate various mechanisms of exudation of the studied fractions, while the most pronounced differences are observed between the fractions of amino acids or sugars with organic acids. Exudation of organic acids plays an important role in the decreased stability and accumulation of Hg by the pea mutant SGECdt.

Studies of intermediary metabolism in radish cotyledons. Turnover of photosynthetic products in 14CO2 pulse-chase experiments

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caballero ◽  
E. A. Cossins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sugar Phosphate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Kinetics Of

Ability of 11-day-old radish cotyledons to carry out photosynthesis has been examined by supplying 14CO2 to cotyledon disks for periods ranging from 30 s to 20 min. Carbon-14 was rapidly incorporated into malate, citrate, sugar phosphates, and a number of amino acids. The kinetics of 14C incorporation suggest that carbon initially enters components of the organic acid and sugar phosphate fraction, being then rapidly transferred to the amino acids and sugars. In pulse-chase experiments, illuminated cotyledon disks were incubated with 14CO2 for 30 min then transferred to air containing 12CO2 for periods up to 240 min with illumination. During such postpulse incubations, considerable losses of 14C occurred from most of the principal compounds labeled during the chase incubation. As these losses were not entirely accounted for by losses of label to the incubation medium they can largely be attributed to metabolic turnover of these compounds. It is concluded that, in general, the photosynthesis of radish cotyledons is similar to that of mature leaves and of physiological significance as a route for synthesis of several important cellular constituents required for seedling growth and development.

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