scholarly journals Improvement of growth parameters of prune callus cultures destined to initiate celi suspensions

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium

Callus was inducted on wounded leaf explants from shoot tips of a particular <em>Prunus domestica</em> 'Węgierka Zwykła' clone cultivated in vitro. The improvement of Sweet Common Prune stock callus tissue parameters has been approached by experiments on culture protocols. Either for the induction or maintenance of tissue modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins at varying concentrations, was used. The goal was to obtain the highiest possible proliferative capacity of friable tissue without any signs of cell redifferentiation for about 10 weeks. The choice of auxin was an important factor regulating the rate and kind of tissue growth, and for the examined prune clone auxin alone brought a relatively small proportion of cells into division, so advantageous was to combine it with oxygenated cytokinin. Friable tissue was obtained on media supplemented with dicamba or with picloram, but not with 2.4-D neither alone nor combinated with IBA.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of stevioside between fresh leaves and in-vitro derived callus tissue from Stevia rebaudiana Bert. using HPLC

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mahmud ◽  
S Akter ◽  
IA Jahan ◽  
S Khan ◽  
A Khaleque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Green Callus

A protocol was developed to produce large amount of callus in short a period of time from leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. The highest amount of white callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP after 3 weeks of inoculating leaf segments. On the other hand, 0.5 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l Kn exhibits poor performance towards callus formation while after using 1.0 mg/l Kn alone did not develop any callus. In this experiment, highest amount of green callus was obtained when MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l NAA and 10% coconut water was used. An improved analytical method HPLC was applied to analyze stevioside extracted from the leaf and callus of Stevia rebaudiana. The stevioside in each sample were analyzed by comparing their retention times with those of the standards. The retention time (RT) of stevioside for leaves were found 14.96 and for callus 13.81 mins. The percentage of stevioside content from leaves and callus was 12.19% and 12.62% respectively DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i4.22621 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(4), 199-204, 2014

scholarly journals Total Polyphenol Content, in vitro Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Callus Cultures from Inula crithmoides

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Bucchini ◽  
Laura Giamperi ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stable Free Radical

This is the first report on the antioxidant and antifungal activities of callus cultures from Inula crithmoides L. (Asteraceae). Callus cultures were initiated from leaf sections, on initial culture MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and a 72% survival was achieved. Significant differences between the various auxins used as phytohormones on callus growth were found. Maximum callusing was noticed on the leaf explants grown on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mgL–1 2,4-D. Subsequently the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract from calli were investigated. Antioxidant studies suggested that the methanol extracts of dark-grown and light-grown callus were able to reduce the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH). In the inhibition against lipid peroxidation, extracts of dark-grown callus showed the strongest effect with IC50 values better than those of the standards. The methanol extract of callus cultures had significant antifungal activity only against two of the fungi tested: Alternaria solani and Phytophthora cryptogea. Against all the other tested fungi, the I. crithmoides calli extracts showed fungistatic activity.

In vitro callus induction and regeneration of multiple shoots through callus derived from leaf and epicotyl explants in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathi A.V. Thangella ◽  
B. Fakrudin
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cotyledonary Leaf ◽  
Higher Doses

An efficient in vitro protocol was developed for callus induction, high frequency plant regeneration through callus cultures derived from cotyledonary leaf and epicotyl explants, rooting of shoots derived from callus and establishment onto the natural conditions in two cultivars of pigeon pea; ICPL 87119 and ICPL 8863. Cotyledonary leaf and epicotyl explants were tested for callus induction across 48 different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins in MS medium, wherein, higher doses of auxins (15 mg/1 NAA) in combination with lower doses of cytokinins (0.5 mg/l kinetin) induced regenerable callus from leaf explants while lower doses of auxins (0.2 mg/1 NAA) in combination with higher doses of cytokinins (8 mg/1 kinetin) induced regenerable callus from epicotyl explants in both the genotypes. Plantlet regeneration from leaf and epicotyl derived callus was optimized at 0.05 mg/l TDZ in both genotypes. Rooting was optimized on ½ MS + 0.5 mg/1 IBA media in both genotypes. Well-rooted plants were acclimatized and established successfully into natural conditions in potting mixture-containing soil: FYM in 1:1 ratio resulting in 48.01 per cent survivability. Regenerated plants were uniform morphologically with normal leaf shape and growth. This protocol finds its significance in rapid multiplication of transgenic plants.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. IV. IAA oxidase activity. Oat coleoptile biotest

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

IAA oxidase activity in callus and tumour tissue of tobacco subjected to the action of morphactin IT 3233 for shorter and longer periods was determined. Control tumour tissue shows an activity higher by about 40 per cent as compared with that of callus tissue. Morphactin applied for a short time (24-h incubation) does not change the activity of the enzyme. When application is prolonged, a considerable enhancement (up to 140%) of the enzyme activity in callus tissue is observed in dependence on the morphactin concentration. In tumour tissues the activity is stimulated by 45 per cent as compared to control. Oat coleoptile elongation growth induced by IAA is limited to 40 per cent when morphactin is added in the concentrations used for tobacco tissue cultures. The possibility of the morphactin action on tissue growth via IAA metabolism is discussed.

scholarly journals Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Elen Poghosyan ◽  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Irina Batlutskaya ◽  
Karen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.

Nuclear DNA content and isozyme variation in relation to morphogenic potential of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) callus cultures

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narender S. Nehra ◽  
Kutty K. Kartha ◽  
Cecil Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Ploidy Changes

Callus cultures of strawberry cv. Redcoat (2n = 8x = 56) initiated from greenhouse and in vitro leaf explants were examined at various culture periods for morphogenic response, changes in nuclear DNA content, and isozyme banding patterns of four enzymes. The flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content revealed the occurrence of polyploid and aneuploid changes as a function of ageing of callus cultures. The calli initiated from in vitro leaf explants were more prone to such changes than those initiated from greenhouse leaf explants. The in vitro morphogenic ability of callus cultures was affected by the ploidy changes, but the latter were not the only cause for loss in regeneration potential of long-term callus cultures. The isozyme phenotypes of esterase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and leucine aminopeptidase did not change with the chromosomal variation in callus cultures. Key words: strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, callus culture, flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content, isozyme.

scholarly journals RAPID IN VITRO CALLOGENESIS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF, STEM AND LEAF CALLUS OF MUSSAENDA FRONDOSA LINN. - A MEDICINAL PLANT.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasa Dj ◽  
Chandrashekar Kr ◽  
Bhagya N
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Objective: To standardise the protocol for rapid callogenesis in Mussaenda frondosa L. using leaf explants. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaf, stem and callus cultures.Methods: The leaf explants were inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of growth regulators such as 2, 4 - D, NAA, BAP, Kn for the induction of callus. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids contents of leaf, stem and callus were tested by standard methods.  The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging method and reducing power assay. The anti - inflammatory activity was evaluated by membrane stabilizing activity.Results: Pale green, healthy, friable and fast growing callus was obtained on the medium enriched with NAA (2mg/l) + Kn (4mg/l). Quantitative determination showed the highest concentration of total phenolics in the methanolic extract of in vitro grown callus (10 ± 1.1 mg of GA/g of extract), flavonoids in methanolic stem extract (137±1.6 mg of Quercitin/g of extract) and alkaloids in methanolic extract of leaf (118.3±1.5 mg/10g of extract). The methanolic leaf extract exhibited highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 40.6±10.06 μg/ml. The highest membrane stabilizing activity was shown by chloroform extract of the leaf (66.02%).Conclusion: The present preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological analysis may form the basis for drug development in future using callus cultures of M. frondosa.   

scholarly journals Some preliminary results of experiments with in-vitro culture of dipterocarps.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
W.T.M. Smits ◽  
B. Struycken
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Strength Medium

A study was made of the influence of light, temp., growth regulators, and sugar and macrosalt concn. on the growth and morphogenesis of leaf and axis explants of young Shorea curtisii, S. obtusa and Dipterocarpus grandiflorus. Terminal and axillary buds grew best on half strength Murashige and Skoog medium. Leaf explants formed more callus on full strength medium, when containing part of the midrib and when taken from the lower half of the leaf. More than 95% of D. grandiflorus explants were infected by a fungus apparently present in the parent plant. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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