Sugar Uptake and Utilisation during Adventitious Bud Differentiation on in Vitro Leaf Explants of ‘Wegierka Zwykła’ Plum (Prunus Domestica)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Nowak ◽  
Kazimierz Miczyński ◽  
Ludwik Hudy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Prunus Domestica

scholarly journals In Vitro Amphidiploid Induction of A Distant Hybrid Populus Simonii × P. Euphratica Cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ and its Effect on Plant Morphology and Anatomy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Tong Cui ◽  
Dai-Li Li ◽  
Heng-Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Distant Hybrid

Abstract In plants, highly gametic sterility of distant hybrids usually restricts their utilization in breeding programs. Amphidiploid induction produced by somatic chromosome doubling of distant hybrids can effectively restore their gametic fertility. In this study, nodal-segment and leaf explants of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ were used to induce chromosome doubling with colchicine in vitro. Although chromosome doubling of the nodal-segment explants only produced mixoploids, the treatments of leaf explants on adventitious bud regeneration medium successfully produced 4 amphidiploids, which might be attributed to the direct organogenesis of the adventitious buds on the leaf explants. The highest amphidiploid induction frequency was 16.7%. Both the explant survival rate and polyploidization frequency were significantly affected by colchicine concentration and exposure time. The amphidiploid plants were significantly differed from the diploid and mixoploid plants on morphological and anatomical characteristics. They had larger, thicker, and greener leaves than the diploids and mixoploids. The changes of stomatal features also accompanied with increase of ploidy level. The induced amphidiploid plants of the distant hybrid ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ are expected to play important roles in breeding programs of Populus in future, which can be used as a bridge parent with ability of unreduced gamete formation to cross with fast-growth germplasms to produce triploids pyramiding desirable traits of fast growth, easy cutting propagation, and salt and drought tolerances.

scholarly journals Improvement of growth parameters of prune callus cultures destined to initiate celi suspensions

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium

Callus was inducted on wounded leaf explants from shoot tips of a particular <em>Prunus domestica</em> 'Węgierka Zwykła' clone cultivated in vitro. The improvement of Sweet Common Prune stock callus tissue parameters has been approached by experiments on culture protocols. Either for the induction or maintenance of tissue modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins at varying concentrations, was used. The goal was to obtain the highiest possible proliferative capacity of friable tissue without any signs of cell redifferentiation for about 10 weeks. The choice of auxin was an important factor regulating the rate and kind of tissue growth, and for the examined prune clone auxin alone brought a relatively small proportion of cells into division, so advantageous was to combine it with oxygenated cytokinin. Friable tissue was obtained on media supplemented with dicamba or with picloram, but not with 2.4-D neither alone nor combinated with IBA.

scholarly journals Effects of Type of Explant and Dark Preconditioning on Bud Formation in Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Mitsukuri ◽  
Takaya Arita ◽  
Masahumi Johkan ◽  
Satoshi Yamasaki ◽  
Kei-ichiro Mishiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Half Strength

Habenaria radiata is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful bird-shaped petals. The wild H. radiata population has been severely affected by environmental disruption and overexploitation. In micropropagation of H. radiata, although aseptic germination has been studied, tissue culture methods have not yet been established. Shoot apexes and leaf explants from vegetative plants and flower stalks, stolons, and floret explants from reproductive plants were chosen for this study. Explants were cultured on half-strength inorganic salts and full-strength vitamins of Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium containing 30 g·L−1 sucrose, 8 g·L−1 agar (pH 5.6) supplemented with 4.44 μM N6-benzyladenine, and 0.54 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. After 8 weeks of culture, the highest survival rate was obtained with floret explants excised from plants at the reproductive phase. In floret culture, the number of adventitious bud formation per explant was 5.4 per upper floret and 4.0 per lower floret. Dark preconditioning, which inhibited browning and contamination, of explants before shoot apex culture increased survival rates of explants (53%) and bud formation (83%). Consequently, a tissue culture method using florets and shoot apexes as explant material was established for H. radiata.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE REGENERATION OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120G-1120
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
C. T. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Differentiation ◽  
Whole Plants

Several growth hormone combinations and silver nitrate concentrations were examined for their effect on regeneration of different pepper genotypes. Primary leaf explants from in vitro seedlings were cultured on a revised Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxin, cytokinin and 1.6% glucose. Combinations of different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0-5 mg/l, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0-5 mg/l, were tested to determine the most effective medium for shoot primordium formation. Experiments with IAA and BAP did not result in a specific growth hormone combination appropriate for regeneration of all genotypes tested. Of the silver nitrate concentrations tested, 10 mg/l resulted in the best shoot and leaf differentiation and reduced callus formation. Differences in organogenic response of individual genotypes were evaluated on a single regeneration medium. Whole plants were regenerated from 11 of 63 genotypes examined. Based on these experiments, a reproducible regeneration system for pepper was developed with a total of 500 plants regenerated to date.

Utilization of Different Seedling Explants for in Vitro Propagation of Hibiscus syriacus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478e-479
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
A.J. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and in vitro Plant Regeneration through Callus Culture of Two Lychnis Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Hwa Bae ◽  
Eui Soo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Plant Regeneration

Lychnis cognate Maxim and Lychnis fulgens Fish. Ex Spreng are two valued ornamental plants in Korea. Soaking of seeds in GA3 solution remarkably promoted germination up to 60%, but the control (0 mg/l) was not effective (> 5%). To select an adequate temperature for seed germination, seeds, previously soaked in a 1000 mg/l GA3 for 24 hrs, were incubated at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Seed germination of over 20% was obtained at 15, 20, and 25°C, but only 10% at 30°C. These results indicate that the seeds of L. cognate and L. fulgens are in a such dormant state that they hardly germinate even by dormancy breaker (GA3) and low (15 ? 25°C) temperature treatment. The highest callus induction was observed in the leaf explants of the seedlings on MS containing specific concentrations of 3.0 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA. The adventitious shoot was formed < 90% of calli on 1/2 WPM medium. The height of in vitro propagated plantlet was no different media used for regeneration. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of endangered and ornamental plant.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 1-12, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals In vitro shoot regeneration of boldo from leaf explants

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2210-2213
Author(s):  
Monalize Salete Mota ◽  
Juliana de Magalhães Bandeira ◽  
Eugenia Jacira Bolacel Braga ◽  
Valmor João Bianchi ◽  
José Antonio Peters
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

A shoot regeneration system for Plectranthus neochilus was studied from leaf explants. Leaves developed under in vitro conditions were cultured on Wood Plant Medium supplemented with 0.2mg dm-3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and different 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0mg dm-3). An increase in percentage of responsive explants (85.3%) and in the number of shoots developed per explant (3.2) was observed when the explants were treated with 5.3 and 4.7mg dm-3 BAP, respectively. The leaf explants cultured on media supplemented with TDZ became vitreous and did not form buds. The regeneration system used is efficient for boldo bud induction and shoot development, showing high potential for advanced cellular and molecular studies.

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