scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting the Diversity and Photosynthetic Pigments of Trentepohlia Species in Northern Thailand’s Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Saraphol ◽  
Srunya Vajrodaya ◽  
Ekaphan Kraichak ◽  
Anchalee Sirikhachornkit ◽  
Nuttha Sanevas
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Factors Affecting

This study addressed the environmental factors that affect <em>Trentepohlia</em> spp. in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary at altitudes of 399 to 1,503 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. Species were identified using characteristic morphological identification. The influence of environmental factors on the algae was analyzed using a statistical program, and seasonal changes in the quantity of photosynthetic pigments in the dominant species were evaluated. The average relative humidity was 69.34 ± 12.90%, the average temperature was 26.23 ± 3.79 °C, and the average light intensity was 139.78 ± 42.21 µmol photon m<sup data-id="superscript-1">−2</sup> s<sup data-id="superscript-2">−1</sup>. Thirteen species were found: <em>Trentepohlia chapmanii</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 1, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 2, <em>Trentepohlia sundarbanensis</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 3, <em>Trentepohlia rigidula</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 4, <em>Trentepohlia effusa</em>, <em>Trentepohlia monilia</em>, <em>Trentepohlia abietina</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 5, <em>Trentepohlia aurea</em>, and <em>Trentepohlia umbrina</em>. The largest number of species (seven to nine) were found at lower altitudes, from 473 to 517 m a.s.l. Species diversity was greatest in the winter season (13 species). Species found at low attitude were grouped together (Group 1) and had the greatest diversity, and the remaining species were divided into Groups 2, 3, and 4. Environmental factors had both positive and negative influences on the species, especially <em>T. chapmanii</em>, which was found below 1,003 m a.s.l., and <em>T. monilia</em>, which was found in areas with a high relative humidity of 74.50% to 83.93%. The ratio of the total carotenoids to chlorophyll of <em>T. rigidula</em>, the dominant species, was relatively high at 4.96:1, and the β-carotene content (46.89 %w/w) was highest during winter.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON GROWING HYDROPONICS MAIZE FODDER USING LOW-COST GREENHOUSE CULTIVATING UNIT FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Adamu, B. ◽  
Abdullahi, S. ◽  
Saidu, S. G ◽  
Yustus Sunday Francis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Production System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Near Future

The term 'Hydroponics' was derived from Greek words 'hydro' means water and 'ponics' means labor. Hydroponic is a modern agricultural technique that uses nutrient solution rather than soil solution for fodder production. As population increases the food demand also increased, the existing system of agriculture will not be able to meet the food requirement in the near future due to environmental challenges in the industry. The major environmental factors affecting the hydroponics production system are; Temperature, relative humidity, and light. The objectives of this studies are to examine the hydroponics greenhouse technologies, impact of environmental factors on hydroponics greenhouse cultivation and challenges of growing on hydroponics greenhouse system. This study revealed that hydroponics greenhouse cultivation is a better option for improved fodder production, water utilization, palatability and digestibility.

scholarly journals Oospore Production of Phytophthora infestans in Potato and Tomato Leaves

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cohen ◽  
S. Farkash ◽  
Z. Reshit ◽  
A. Baider
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Initial Lesions

Fungal, host, and environmental factors affecting sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in planta were studied. Intact and detached leaves were coinoculated with sporangia of various combinations of A1 and A2 mating-type isolates; leaves were incubated under various conditions, and oospore production was estimated microscopically within whole, clarified leaflets. Some A1 + A2 isolate combinations were more reproductive than others, whereas some potato genotypes better supported oospore formation than others. Tomato usually supported more oospore formation than potato. To induce oospore formation, A1 and A2 sporangia were usually mixed at a 1:1 ratio. Ratios of 1:19 to 19:1, however, also allowed abundant production of oospores. Optimal temperatures for sexual sporulation ranged from 8 to 15°C, but oospores also were produced at 23°C. Oogonia developed 5 to 6 days after sporangial coinoculation, and oospores developed after 8 to 10 days. Light had little effect on oospore formation in both tomato and potato leaves provided that initial lesions were established under photoperiodic conditions. Although A1 and A2 sporangia usually were mixed before inoculation on leaves to obtain oospores, we found that discrete A1 and A2 lesions produced on opposite sides of the midvein of tomato leaves also induced oospore formation in the midvein and adjacent tissues. Oospores also formed when the two halves of the leaves were cut and separated at 3 days after sporangial coinoculation, which corresponded with the appearance of late blight lesions. The continuous supply of moisture to infected leaves was essential to oospore production. No oospores or oogonia formed in severely diseased plants kept at 50 to 80% relative humidity. Such plants did allow some oospore formation when kept continuously wet for 2 weeks in plastic boxes or tents. Detached leaves floated on water supported the highest sexual sporulation. Under optimal conditions of wetness and temperature, as many as 100 oospores per mm2 of tissue were observed.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Lichens along Elevational Gradients in the Tropical Montane Forest of Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1209
Author(s):  
Azlan Abas ◽  
Laily Din
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Different Altitudes

This study aims to explore how lichen diversity, composition, and distribution vary with altitude, and environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity). The study was conducted in the forest of Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor at five sites (different altitudes). Forty-four lichen species were identified. Their diversity, composition, and distribution correlated significantly with the altitude and environmental factors, increasing diversity at higher altitudes. Graphidaceae and Physciaceae species were present at all altitudes, and the dominant species changed according to altitude: Some Parmeliaceae species were found only at higher altitudes (601-1430 m) while Chrysothrix xanthina and a few Physciaceae species were present only at lower altitudes (0-600 m). These findings will provide additional information about the lichens of the tropical montane forest of Malaysia to enhance knowledge on how to manage and sustain lichens in this type of forest.

scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting sporulation of Fuligo septica (Myxomycetes) on sugar cane bagasse

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alda de Andrade Chiappeta ◽  
Kêsia Xisto Fonseca R. de Sena ◽  
Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Factors Affecting

The influence of environmental factors on sporulation of Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg. and the abundance of this species on sugar cane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.), stored outdoors was studied.In Northeastern Brazil, between January/1997 and January/1998, a total of 29 specimens were collected through monthly collections of aethalia. The relationships between the abundance of aethalia and rainfall, temperature, relative humidity of the air and insolation were studied. Results indicated that on the substrate analyzed, F. septica was an abundant species. Sporulation occurred in all seasons of the year, with a well-defined peak at the end of winter and beginning of spring (August/September),which was strongly influenced by rainfall.

Environmental factors affecting reproducibility of bioremediation field assays in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 102915 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Martínez Álvarez ◽  
L.A.M. Ruberto ◽  
J.M. Gurevich ◽  
W.P. Mac Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment of Airborne Bacteria Emitted from Swine Manure Composting Plant

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Rotary Type

This study was performed to investigate the distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria emitted from swine manure composting plants. The types of swine manure composting plants selected for the survey in this study were as follows: screw type, rotary type, and natural dry type. Mean levels of airborne bacteria in swine manure composting plants were 7428 (±1024) CFU m−3 for the screw type, 3246 (±1407) CFU m−3 for the rotary type, and 5232 (±1217) CFU m−3 for the natural dry type, respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, the swine manure composting plant operated by screw type showed the highest concentration of airborne bacteria, followed by the natural dry type and rotary type. The monthly concentration of airborne bacteria was the highest in August and the lowest in November, regardless of the type of swine manure composting plant. The respirable size of airborne bacteria accounted for about 50% of the total. The ratio of respirable to the total quantity of airborne bacteria was 50%. The correlation relationships between airborne bacteria and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, particulate matters, and odor) were not found to be significant in the swine manure composting plants. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia(E-coli) spp., Enterococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae spp.

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