scholarly journals Are There Any Traces of Pinus uliginosa in the Stołowe Mountains Outside the Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie and Błędne Skały?

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Boratyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Gołąb ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Wioletta Niemczyk ◽  
Karolina Irena Sobierajska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Needle Morphology ◽  
Pinus Uliginosa ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

Abstract Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and taxa from the P. mugo (mountain pine) complex hybridize in contact zones producing morphologically-intermediate fertile hybrids. However, the hybrid specimens sometimes express only the P. sylvestris phenotype. Such cryptic hybrids were detected among P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa in the western part of Błędne Skały in the Stołowe Mountains, where the pines grow on the tops of sandstone rocks and phenotypically resemble P. sylvestris , P. uliginosa , and P. mugo . Hybrids with the P. sylvestris phenotype could be potentially present in other relic populations of this species in these mountains. During the present study, the hybrids were identified only in the area of Błędne Skały based on chloroplast and mitochondrial markers, morphological differentiation of various needle and cone traits, and phenotype assessments of the trees during sampling. These hybrids included three cryptic hybrids of P. sylvestris × P. mugo with the P. sylvestris phenotype and one displaying the phenotype of P. uliginosa . The other populations analyzed represented Scots pine with no evidence of hybridization with P. uliginosa and/or P. mugo . Biometric data on the cone and needle morphology also suggest possible hybridization within the P. mugo complex on Błędne Skały. The results indicate that hybridization takes place in this population but not in neighboring populations despite the possible connection by pollen-mediated gene flow.

Wyniki oznaczeń taksonomicznych szczątków drewna

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Skrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
High Share

A number of samples collected during exploration of archaeological features from the Przeworsk culture cremation cemetery were submitted for xylological examination. The samples contained poorly preserved charred remains of wood, which were subjected to taxonomic identification. Anthracological analyses allowed four taxa of woody plants to be identified, with the predominant share of remains belonging to Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. The high share of pine wood fragments may indicate selective acquisition of this species as a material for building funeral pyres. On the other hand, it may reflect the widespread occurrence of this species in the nearby forest communities, which were shaped by human activity.

Knotwood as a window to the indirect measurement of the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Karppanen ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
Anni M. Harju ◽  
Stefan Willför ◽  
Suvi Pietarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Further Development

Abstract There is wide variation in the extractive content and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood. The heartwood is not visible in standing trees and only poorly visible in timber. Therefore, it is difficult to identify extractive-rich trees, and consequently the most decay-resistant heartwood. On the other hand, knots are clearly visible in standing trees and timber. In the present paper we studied the possibility of measuring the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood indirectly on the basis of the extractive concentration of knotwood. The material investigated consisted of 40 felled trees with a wide between-tree variation for extractive content and decay resistance of their heartwood. The extractive content of knotwood was found to be four- to five-fold higher than that of heartwood. Statistically significant correlations were found between the mass loss of heartwood and the concentrations of total phenolics and stilbenes in knotwood (r=-0.54, P<0.001 and r=-0.40, P=0.011, respectively), and for the concentration of total phenolics (r=0.42, P=0.008) and stilbenes (r=0.39, P=0.012) between heartwood and knotwood. We suggest further development of this technique in the context of rapid industrial screening of durable pine heartwood.

scholarly journals Ungulate damage on Scots pines in Mediterranean environments: effects of association with shrubs

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Gómez ◽  
José A Hódar ◽  
Regino Zamora ◽  
Jorge Castro ◽  
Daniel García
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Associational Resistance ◽  
Southeastern Spain ◽  
Associational Susceptibility ◽  
Mechanical Barrier

The spatial structure of plant communities as well as the quality and abundance of neighbours can strongly influence the intensity of herbivory suffered by a plant. In this paper, we study the effect of the association with shrubs on the ungulate herbivory suffered by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis Christ., Pinaceae) saplings in two isolated, fragmented populations in southeastern Spain. For this, we monitored herbivory on saplings with regard to the microhabitat in which they grew. We distinguished pines growing in open interspaces, on the edge of shrubs and within the canopy of shrubs, and also we distinguished four functional types of shrubs: thorny shrubs, nonthorny shrubs, thorny scrubs, and nonthorny scrubs. Our results show that association with shrubs increases the damage inflicted on Scots pine saplings. In fact, saplings growing in the open patches, far from the shrubs, escaped from herbivory more frequently and incurred less damage than did saplings growing close to shrubs. However, herbivory was also reduced when pine saplings were completely surrounded by shrubs, since then they served as a mechanical barrier. The type of neighbouring shrub did not affect the overall damage suffered by pines, despite the fact that the ungulates damaged the nonthorny scrubs more intensely than the other kinds of shrubs. Consequently, saplings have an advantage when growing within the canopy of shrubs; these constitute key microsites for pine recruitment in these Mediterranean forests.Key words: associational resistance, associational susceptibility, mammalian herbivory, Mediterranean high mountain, neighbouring effects, Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis.

scholarly journals Spatial Genetic Structure Within Two Contrasting Stands of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Chybicki ◽  
A. Dzialuk ◽  
M. Trojankiewicz ◽  
M. Slawski ◽  
J. Burczyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Establishment History ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractWhen considering neutral nuclear markers, genetic differentiation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations is known to be low. The homogeneity arises particularly as an effect of common ancestry in a recent evolutionary history as well as an extensive gene flow, especially through pollen. However, within populations several other forces may shape the spatial distribution of genetic variation, including establishment history, environmental and silvicultural selection. These local forces are known to produce non-random spatial patterns of genetic variation, however little is known on fine-scale spatial genetic structure of Scots pine. In this study, two stands of this species with different establishment histories, selected within one larger population located in northern Poland were genotyped and analysed for genetic variation and within-stand spatial genetic structure. Results revealed no differences in genetic variation, although stands are separated about 60 km, suggesting that the two populations share a common genetic pool. The spatial genetic structure in both stands was found to be slightly different and was attributed to differences in the mode of populations’ establishments. Finally, results confirmed that gene flow in Scots pine is extensive, causing genetic homogeneity within a single population.

scholarly journals Genetic Consequences of Hybridization in Relict Isolated Trees Pinus sylvestris and the Pinus mugo Complex

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Karolina Sobierajska ◽  
Witold Wachowiak ◽  
Julia Zaborowska ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Błażej Wójkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Isolated Trees ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Mtdna Markers

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the taxa from the P. mugo complex can hybridize in the contact zones and produce fertile hybrids. A unique example of an early Holocene relict population of P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa (a taxon from the P. mugo complex) growing on the tops of Jurassic sandstone rocks is located in Błędne Skały (Sudetes). Phenotypically, there are trees resembling P. sylvestris, P. uliginosa and intermediate forms between them. We expected that some of P. sylvestris and/or P. uliginosa-like trees could be in fact cryptic hybrids resembling one of the parental phenotypes. To address this question, we examined randomly sampled individuals, using a set of plastid (cpDNA), nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers as well as biometric characteristics of needles and cones. The results were compared to the same measurements of allopatric reference populations of the P. sylvestris and the P. mugo complex (Pinus mugo s.s, P. uncinata and P. uliginosa). We detected cpDNA barcodes of the P. mugo complex in most individuals with the P. sylvestris phenotype, while we did not detect cpDNA diagnostic of P. sylvestris within P. uliginosa-like trees. These results indicate the presence of cryptic hybrids of the P. sylvestris phenotype. We found only three typical P. sylvestris individuals that were clustered with the species reference populations based on needle and cone characteristics. Most trees showed intermediate characteristics between P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa-like trees, indicating intensive and probably long-lasting hybridization of the taxa at this area and subsequent gene erosion of parental species.

scholarly journals Early-arriving saproxylic beetles developing in Scots pine stumps: effects of felling type and date

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Foit
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity

A total of 320 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) low stumps were analysed within two stands (one stand was thinned, and the other stand was subjected to clear-cut final felling) in the Drahansk&aacute; Highlands in the Czech Republic. Each stand was divided into four parts, and the felling of each part was performed on different dates during 2006 (February, May, August and November). The fauna of early-arriving saproxylic beetles inhabiting the stumps was investigated by peeling the bark in two vegetation periods after the felling. A total of 17 species of beetles were found. The felling type and date affected the species composition of the recorded assemblages, with the felling date being considerably more important than the type. The species richness and diversity did not differ significantly between the felling types, but significant differences were found among the felling dates. Several associations of particular species with certain felling types or dates were also found.

Application of scanning UV microspectrophotometry for the topochemical detection of lignin within individual cell walls of brown-rotted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Irbe ◽  
Guna Noldt ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
Ingeborga Andersone ◽  
Bruno Andersons
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Degradation ◽  
Lower Extent ◽  
Uv Microspectrophotometry

Abstract Brown rotted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was studied using scanning UV microspectrophotometry. Wood blocks were exposed to the fungus Coniophora puteana (Schum.: Fr.) Karst. (BAM Ebw.15) for 6, 8, 10, 30, and 50 days. No wood weight loss was detected in the initial decay periods. On the other hand, point analyses of lignin distribution in wood cells revealed higher absorbance after 6–10 days of decay, which we interpret as an increase in the absorption coefficient of lignin due to its oxidative modification by the fungus. Uneven wood degradation occurred in the later periods (30 and 50 days), with both significantly decayed and visually sound cells observed. The decayed cells showed a higher absorbance at 280 nm, although the apparently sound cells were also degraded to a lower extent. Degradation of lignin-rich compounds in middle lamellae and cell corners was not observed during fungal attack.

scholarly journals Biometric characters of seeds and wings as markers of geographical differentiation between European scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
East European ◽  
Western Norway

Biometric characters of seeds and wings served to describe interprovenance differentiation of Scots pine in Europe. Grouping analysis was applied, Mahalanobis distances were calculated as well as Hotellings T<sup>2</sup> statistics were applied. The similarity of East European and Finnish provenances was conspicuous. The provenance from Scotland proved to be similar to provenances originating from the region of Scandinavia. On the other hand, two southern provenances 54(Rychtal, Poland) and 55(Luboml, Ukraine), were also found similar to provenances originating from the region of Scandinavia (western Norway). The obtained pattern of reciprocal relations may indicate pathways of Scots pine migration in the postglacial period or may be a result of adaptation to certain similar environmental conditions. No relations were detected between size of seeds and geographic origin of provenances.

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