scholarly journals Exploring the Development of Three Law-Based Competency Models for Public Health Practitioners

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montrece McNeill Ransom ◽  
Brianne Yassine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Competency Models ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

As public health promotion and protection become increasingly complex and integrated into various fields, public health law is emerging as an important tool for public health professionals. To ensure that public health professionals are adequately trained public health law, public health law-related competencies should to be integrated into educational and other programming. This article provides three competency models developed by the Public Health Law Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: (a) the public health emergency law competency model, (b) the public health law competency model, and (c) the legal epidemiology competency model. These competency models provide a foundation upon which public health law curricula can be developed for governmental, nongovernmental, and academic public health practitioners. Such standardization of public health law curricula will ameliorate not only the training, but also selection and evaluation of public health practitioners, as well as better align public health training with national public health efforts.

scholarly journals Variability in public health ethics education in EUPHA and ASPHER members

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Butcher ◽  
P Schröder-Bäck ◽  
F Tahzib
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethics Training ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Background Public health professionals face decisions that have far-reaching ethical implications. Despite this, the field of public health ethics is relatively new, and teaching and training in ethics for public health professionals is “highly variable in quantity and content” [Doudenkova et al 2017]. Building on a prior body of research, surveys of ASPHER and EUPHA members were undertaken to explore current levels of ethics education. Methods Online surveys were distributed to ASPHER and EUPHA members with the aims of a) exploring the current status of ethics education in public health courses in ASPHER institutions and b) understanding the ethics education of individual public health practitioners in EUPHA. Results The ASPHER survey was completed by teaching staff at 35 different institutions between April and August 2019. The EUPHA survey was completed by 232 professionals between October 2019 and January 2020. ASPHER Survey: 39% (n = 12) of institutions awarding master's degrees in public health had one or more degrees in which no ethics was taught. Only 48% (n = 13) of institutions had someone in their academic team formally qualified to teach ethics by holding a master's degree, PhD or further academic role in ethics. EUPHA Survey: Despite 79% (n = 165) of respondents encountering ethical dilemmas on at least a monthly basis, 21% (n = 48) reported that they had never had any ethics education or training, and 50% (n = 101) respondents thought that they had too little training in ethics for their professional role. Conclusions There remains a significant proportion of those studying or working in public health who do not receive any public health ethics training or education. Key messages Ethics education in public health remains variable among ASPHER organisations and EUPHA members, a significant minority lacking any ethics training. To ensure ethically reflective and sensitive public health practitioners, access to ethics education is key.

Training Individuals in Public Health Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (S3) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Joint Degree Programs ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

This report provides an overview of training individuals in public health law. This report is designed to broadly outline the issues in order to facilitate discussion at the November 2007 PHLA meeting in Washington, D.C. I found that attorneys and public health practitioners have different approaches to training and practice. Materials and programs that seek to train individuals must be designed to fit within the professional culture of the targeted group. The differences between the two professional cultures can be a barrier to training if not acknowledged in the design of training programs and materials.In a selected overview of materials and programs available, I found that there is an unmet need for responsive materials and programs. I also found that networking and conference opportunities can play an important role in training that should be explored. I also discuss joint degree programs. The report concludes with a series of future recommendations to facilitate discussion.

Limited Liability and the Public's Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Stephen P. Teret
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Corporations, through their products and behaviors, exert a strong effect on the wellbeing of populations. Public health practitioners and academics have long recognized the harms associated with some corporations’ products. For example, firearms are associated with approximately 30,000 deaths in the United States each year1 and over 200,000 deaths globally. Motor vehicles are associated with about 40,000 deaths in the United States each year and over 1.2 million deaths globally. Tobacco products kill about 438,000 people each year in the United States5 and about 4.9 million people worldwide. In addition to producing unsafe or harmful products, some corporations behave in ways that negatively impact the public’s health, such as marketing alcohol to youth and other vulnerable populations. Given these observations, one can conclude that it is possible to quantify the public health impact of individual industries, such as firearms, motor vehicles, tobacco, and alcohol. Health professionals can then target these individual industries to prevent or lessen the harms they cause.

Increasing Our Advocacy Capacity Through HIV Community Mobilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ovalle ◽  
Oralia Loza ◽  
David Peralta-Torres ◽  
Jacob Martinez ◽  
Kristen Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

In this commentary, six public health practitioners and researchers discuss how their participation in the El Paso HIV Community Mobilization effort has contributed to their professional development and increased their collective capacity to advocate for practice and policy improvements that contribute to health equity in general and within the context of HIV prevention. Like previous commentaries in this department that have highlighted the value of the Certified Health Education Specialist credential ( http://www.nchec.org/health-education-credentialing ) and the importance of gaining experience in policy advocacy, this article is relevant for public health professionals in diverse work settings. The authors hope that their experience will encourage others to participate in community mobilization efforts, and they welcome communication and collaboration with anyone interested in learning more about the HIV Community Mobilization efforts discussed in this commentary.

scholarly journals Library and Informatics Training May Improve Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Heather Ganshorn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Informatics Training ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

A review of: Eldredge, Jonathan D., et al. “The Effect of Training on Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of the Medical Library Association 96.4 (2008): 299-309. 28 Aug 2009 . Objectives – To determine whether providing library and informatics training to public health professionals would increase the number and sophistication of work-related questions asked by these workers. Design – Randomised controlled trial. Setting – New Mexico Department of Health. Subjects – Public health professionals from a variety of professions, including administrators, nursing professionals, nutritionists, epidemiologists, physicians, social workers, and others. Methods – All subjects received a three-hour training session on finding evidence-based public health information, with a focus on using PubMed. Two sessions were offered, two weeks apart. Participants were randomised to either an intervention group, which received instruction on the first date, or a control group, which received instruction on the second date. The intervening two weeks constitute the study period, in which both groups were surveyed by e-mail about their work-related question generation. Three times per week, subjects received e-mail reminders asking them to submit survey responses regarding all questions that had arisen in their practice, along with information about their attempts to answer them. Questions were tallied, and totals were compared between the two groups. Questions were also analysed for level of sophistication, and classified by the investigators as “background” questions, which are asked when one has little knowledge of the field, and can usually be answered using textbooks or other reference sources; and “foreground” questions, which are often asked when an individual is familiar with the subject, and looking for more sophisticated information that is usually found in journals and similar sources. This scheme for classifying questions was developed by Richardson and Mulrow (2001). Main Results The investigators found differences in both the number and sophistication of the questions asked between the control and intervention groups. The control group averaged only 0.69 questions per participant during the two-week observation period, while the intervention group averaged 1.24 questions. Investigators also found that a higher percentage of the questions asked by the intervention group were foreground questions (50.0%, versus 42.9%) for the control group. However, when two-tailed t-test analysis was performed on both the frequency of questions and the level of sophistication, the findings were no statistically significant within a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion This study suggests that library and informatics training for public health professionals may increase the number of questions that they ask on work-related topics, and also the sophistication of these questions. However, more studies need to be done to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Education for Public Health: A Practical Foundation for Solidarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Perkiö ◽  
R Harrison ◽  
M Grivna ◽  
D Tao ◽  
C Evashwich
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Education is a key to creating solidary among the professionals who advance public health’s interdisciplinary mission. Our assumption is that if all those who work in public health shared core knowledge and the skills for interdisciplinary interaction, collaboration across disciplines, venues, and countries would be facilitated. Evaluation of education is an essential element of pedagogy to ensure quality and consistency across boundaries, as articulated by the UNESCO education standards. Our study examined the evaluation studies done by programs that educate public health professionals. We searched the peer reviewed literature published in English between 2000-2017 pertaining to the education of the public health workforce at a degree-granting level. The 2442 articles found covered ten health professions disciplines and had lead authors representing all continents. Only 86 articles focused on evaluation. The majority of the papers examined either a single course, a discipline-specific curriculum or a teaching method. No consistent methodologies could be discerned. Methods ranged from sophisticated regression analyses and trends tracked over time to descriptions of focus groups and interviews of small samples. We found that evaluations were primarily discipline-specific, lacked rigorous methodology in many instances, and that relatively few examined competencies or career expectations. The public health workforce enjoys a diversity of disciplines but must be able to come together to share diverse knowledge and skills. Evaluation is critical to achieving a workforce that is well trained in the competencies pertinent to collaboration. This study informs the pedagogical challenges that must be confronted going forward, starting with a commitment to shared core competencies and to consistent and rigorous evaluation of the education related to training public health professionals. Key messages Rigorous evaluation is not sufficiently used to enhance the quality of public health education. More frequent use of rigorous evaluation in public health education would enhance the quality of public health workforce, and enable cross-disciplinary and international collaboration for solidarity.

Routine Screening of Women for Gonorrhea (Is "Offer" of Tests Enough?)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
Selig H. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Public Health Law ◽  
York State ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Resident

In a letter published in the August 1973 issue, Dr. Hania W. Ris suggests routine screening of women for gonorrhea. A recently enacted amendment to the Public Health Law of New York State requires all physicians, clinics or facilities providing gynecological, obstetrical, contraceptive, sterilization or termination-of-pregnancy services or treatment to offer to administer to every New York State resident coming for such services or treatment, appropriate tests for the detection of syphilis and gonorrhea.

scholarly journals Maternal risk factors for childhood malnutrition in Pakistan: demographic health survey 2012-13

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zaheer ◽  
N Shah ◽  
N Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Background In Pakistan, this is a catastrophe for 44% children combating with stunted growth; the third highest percentage of stunted children in the world and further 1 million children are underweight. Fifteen percent of children are wasted and half of them are anemic, and almost one-third of the children have iron deficiency anemia. The study aimed to collate all contributing factors that have been reported in the PDHS-2012-13 survey for child malnutrition. Methods Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13 data was used (n = 1967). Forty five factors were extracted from PDHS 2012-13 and factor analysis was performed to reduce these factors into similar potential factors by using principle component (PC) decomposition. Malnutrition status of children of age < 5 years was assessed by using three indices: height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight for age. To examine the associations between derived factors and childhood malnutrition, binary logistic regression was used. Results About 43% of under-five children are stunted, 26.9% are underweight and 12.6% are wasted. Multivariate adjusted results showed mothers who belong to poor quintile (OR: 1.50, p-value 0.02), who afraid of husband all the time (OR: 1.36, p-value 0.02), who had > 4 children (OR: 1.47, p-value <0.01), and who used tobacco (OR: 1.80, p-value 0.02) were more likely to have stunted children. However, mothers who had no education (OR: 1.82, p-value<0.01), who were poor dweller (OR: 1.55, p-value 0.03), who used unprotected water (OR: 1.62, p-value<0.01), mothers who had younger age at birth (OR: 1.37, p-value 0.02) were more likely have underweight children. Conclusions Maternal socio-demographics and environmental factors were more significantly associated with child malnutrition. This study will enable the public health professionals' workforce tier at a national level to gain expertise and formulate better planning in order to improve child health in Pakistan. Key messages This study will enable the public health professionals’ workforce tier to achieve gains in child health in Pakistan. Study findings may help to improved and to initiate evidence-based guidelines for maternal and child health.

scholarly journals Students’ Perspectives: How Will COVID-19 Shape the Social Determinants of Health and Our Future as Public Health Practitioners?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Eliyas K. Asfaw ◽  
Emily S. Guo ◽  
Sarah S. Jang ◽  
Swathi R. Komarivelli ◽  
Katherine A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
To Come ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

We are the next generation of public health practitioners. As public health students, we acknowledge that the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic will continue to fundamentally alter the field that we are preparing to enter. We will be the first wave of public health professionals whose education is being shaped by this pandemic. For decades to come, we will be working to address the impacts of this pandemic. In this commentary, we are lending our voice to discuss and highlight the importance of considering the intersections of various determinants of health and COVID-19, including education, food insecurity, housing instability, and economic hardship. We provide a discussion on what is being done across the United States in attempts to reduce the growing health inequities. As the next generation of public health leaders, we believe that only by investing in these issues can we begin to address the social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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