Case-study of the out-of-plane wall failure of a typical downtown building in Zagreb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matea Sruk ◽  
Marija Demsic ◽  
Maja Baniček
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wall ◽  
Out Of Plane

Strength of cold-formed steel slotted track connections for out-of-plane wall loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Espinoza ◽  
P.E. Georgi Hall ◽  
Reynaud Serrette
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wall ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Cold Formed Steel

scholarly journals Feasibility Analysis of Bolted Joints with Composite Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Daniel Tobalina-Baldeon ◽  
Felix Sanz-Adán ◽  
Marian Martinez-Calvo ◽  
Carmelo Gómez ◽  
Inigo Sanz-Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Steel Core ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
Steel Joints ◽  
Standard Steel

The use of composite materials has shown steady growth in recent years due to their excellent specific mechanical properties and the possibility to reduce the weight of vehicles without impairing their safety and comfort. Continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) show dynamic, acoustic, and damping properties far superior to steel and can be recycled and repaired. Their excellent properties make CFRTP good candidates for anti-vibration and shock absorbing components, however, out-of-plane mechanical properties hinder the anchoring to the vehicle’s body by means of bolted connections. The results obtained in this study show how the maximum torque that can be applied without cracks or breakage phenomena is lower than in standard steel joints. Although the preload’s value is admissible, this one is reduced over time due to relaxation phenomena associated with the viscoelastic behaviour of thermoplastic matrix. The results obtained can be improved with the integration of metal inserts in connections’ areas. In this study, a case study of a gear mount replacing the steel core with CFRTP reinforced with inserts is carried out. The results show a reduction above 50% in weight, opening the possibility of lighter structures in the automotive sector.

Rehabilitation of Masonry Buildings with Fibre Reinforced Mortar: Practical Design Considerations Concerning Seismic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ingrid Boem ◽  
Natalino Gattesco
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry

Historic masonry buildings experience a high seismic vulnerability: innovative intervention strategies for strengthening, based on the use of fibre-based composite materials are gradually spreading. In particular, the coupling of fibre-based materials with mortar layers (Fibre Reinforced Mortar technique - FRM) evidenced a good chemical and mechanical compatibility with the historical masonry and proved to be effective for the enhancement of both in-plane and out-of-plane performances of masonry, contrasting the opening of cracks and improving both resistance and ductility. The resistant mechanisms that arise in FRM strengthened masonry walls subjected to in-plane horizontal actions are analyzed in the paper and a practical design approach to evaluate their performances is illustrated, evidencing the dominant collapse mode at the varying of the masonry characteristics. Some masonry walls are analyzed numerically and analytically, as “case study”.

Evaluation of Out-of-Plane Wall Anchorage Force Provisions in Buildings with Rigid Walls and Flexible Roof Diaphragms

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Koliou ◽  
John Lawson ◽  
Andre Filiatrault ◽  
Dominic J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Time History ◽  
Plane Wall ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Nonlinear Time History ◽  
Rigid Walls ◽  
Strong Ground

Heavy concrete and masonry walled buildings with lightweight steel or wood flexible roof diaphragms are a common type of construction in North America. Failures of the out-of-plane wall anchorage to these roof systems and the resulting partial roof collapses during past earthquakes have led to repeated revisions to the seismic design provisions in the U.S. model building codes. However, the force levels considered in the current design provisions have remained largely unchanged since their introduction in the 1997 Uniform Building Code, and these provisions have not been fully tested by strong ground motions in the field. Using a two dimensional numerical framework, a series of nonlinear time history dynamic analyses on various building archetypes were conducted to evaluate the validity of the current wall anchorage design force levels. The results of this study reveal that the current wall anchorage design forces are generally appropriate, but with some very significant exceptions.

Focus Spot Reduction by Brush Scrubber Cleaning

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Pacco ◽  
Els Kesters ◽  
Ihsan Simms ◽  
Kathleen Nafus ◽  
Jelle Vandereyken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Material ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Focus Spot ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Study Monitoring

of preventive backside cleaning steps. These cleaning steps can be introduced after processes that generated high backside defect counts or right before a lithographic wafer exposure. In this study that was performed at imec’s 300mm cleanroom facility, the study objective was to evaluate the focus spot reduction performance of a stand-alone scrubber in a case study featuring known focus spot generating equipment sets. . In the first part of the study, monitoring of various production tools in terms of backside cross-contamination was done. A set of equipment’s that generated high backside defect counts was selected for generating adequate backside contaminated test material for the cleaning evaluation. This backside contaminated test material was used in our cleaning experiments and evaluation of focus spot reduction by performing leveling tests on an immersion scanner that was able to measure out of plane deviations.

scholarly journals Seismic response of torsionally irregular single story structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Eu Ving Au ◽  
Gregory MacRae ◽  
Didier Pettinga ◽  
Bruce Deam ◽  
Vinod Sadashiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Plane Wall ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Median Increase ◽  
Wall Strength ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Impulse ground motions are applied to single story structures with different in-plane wall strength and stiffness, rotational inertia, and out-of-plane wall stiffness to obtain the dynamic response considering torsion. A simple hand method to evaluate the impulse response is developed. It is shown that the median increase in response of the critical component considering torsion from many earthquake records is similar to that from impulse records. Using this information, a simple design methodology is proposed which enables the likely earthquake response of critical elements considering torsion to be obtained from building analyses not considering torsion. A design example is also provided.

Fatigue Design Methodology for Large Mooring Chains Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lassen ◽  
Jan Aarsnes ◽  
Einar Glomnes
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Fatigue Damage Accumulation ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Mooring Chain

The present paper presents a fatigue life prediction method for chains subjected to tension and Out-of-Plane-Bending (OPB). The investigation was carried out on a high strength mooring chain segment with a diameter of 165 mm and a steel quality R5. Such chains are used in mooring systems for large Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units in harsh weather condition. Due to the fact that the mooring chains are pre-tensioned the wave induced displacements will introduce secondary bending effects about the weak axis in the chain links, particularly in the bilge hang-off area. In such chains both conventional tension fatigue and fatigue damage accumulation due to Out-of-Plane-Bending (OPB) have to be analyzed. Results from full scale behavior tests, Finite Element Analyses and a case study with simulation of in-service loading are included in the present study. Finally, fatigue life predictions and an operational strategy are presented for a case study for a floater in the Barents Sea. With a target service life of 30 years, the endurance with respect to fatigue damage is a major design criterion for the mooring chain in this case.

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