scholarly journals To eat or not to eat: ingestion and avoidance of fecal content from communal latrines of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818)

10.5597/00248 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Izabela Laurentino ◽  
Rafael Sousa ◽  
Gilberto Corso ◽  
Renata Sousa-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Fecal Content ◽  
Territorial Marking ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis

Communal latrines have important biological and ecological roles for the latrine builder species and for other taxa that visit these sites and use feces to obtain nutrients and microorganisms that aid in digestion of compounds hard to process. Nonetheless, coprophagous animals must deal with the costs associated with parasites and other pathogenspresent in latrines. Parasites and pathogens are found in Neotropical otter latrines. This species is carnivorous and uses latrines for territorial marking. The objective of this study was to identify vertebrate species associated with otter latrines and species that use feces as food resource. Latrines were monitored with camera traps on a monthly basis in 24-hour cycles. We recorded nine species of vertebrates, including birds, reptiles and mammals, visiting the latrines. Feeding dependency from latrines in the Atlantic Forest may not be related to periods of low food availability (dry season). Visitors that ate at the latrines do not have the same feeding habits as otters. The assumption that mammals would avoid ingesting disease-loaded feces from latrines did not hold, since two mammal species did. We speculate these mammals might be more resistant or less susceptible to pathogens found in otter feces.

Differences in activity patterns of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis between rivers of two Brazilian ecoregions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes Rheingantz ◽  
Caroline Leuchtenberger ◽  
Carlos André Zucco ◽  
Fernando A.S. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Activity Behaviour ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis

Abstract:Circadian use of time is an important, but often neglected, part of an animal's niche. We compared the activity patterns of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis in two different areas in Brazil using camera traps placed at the entrance of holts. We obtained 58 independent photos in the Atlantic Forest (273 camera trap-days) and 46 photos in Pantanal (300 camera trap-days). We observed different kernel density probabilities on these two areas (45.6% and 14.1% overlap between the 95% and 50% density isopleths respectively). We observed the plasticity in Neotropical otter activity behaviour with different activity patterns in the two areas. In the Pantanal, the Neotropical otter selected daylight (Ivlev = 0.23) and avoided night (Ivlev = −0.44), while in the Atlantic Forest it selected dawn (Ivlev = 0.24) and night (Ivlev = 0.14), avoiding daylight (Ivlev = −0.33). We believe that this pattern can be due to human activity or shifts in prey activity.

scholarly journals MAMÍFEROS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL DO RIO VERMELHO EM SANTA CATARINA, SUL DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Marcelo Hübel ◽  
◽  
Izar Aximoff ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Freitas ◽  
Clarissa Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Santa Catarina State

MEDIUM AND LARGE MAMMALS IN RIO VERMELHO MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA, SANTA CATARINA, SOUTHERN BRAZIL: Most studies on medium and large mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are carried out in areas under full protection (as parks and biological reserves). Considering the continuing threats that the forest remnants are suffering, it is essential to carry out mammal surveys in protected areas for sustainable use. In order to evaluate the species richness and the relative frequency of medium and large mammals in the área de proteção ambiental municipal do Rio Vermelho – APARV (northern Santa Catarina state), methodologies of direct visualization and camera traps were used. The study was conducted from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2019. In Santa Catarina state, there is only one study which sampling effort is comparable to the present one (7300 night-trap). Thirty-three native mammal species and two alien species (Canis familiaris and Lepus europaeus) were found. The species accumulation curve tended to stabilize at the beginning of the third year. Three species were responsible for more than half of the photographic records (Cerdocyon thous, Eira barbara and Procyon cancrivorus). In total, 33.3% of the species are classified in some category of threat, and three of these species are among the less recorded in Santa Catarina state (Tayassu pecari, Tapirus terrestris and Mazama nana). Our survey added 18 new occurrences to the APARV management plan. Only two of the 18 mammal surveys carried out previously in the Santa Catarina state recorded more species than our study. This is the second survey which was carried out in protected areas for sustainable use in Santa Catarina state. Our study contributes to the important knowledge that can be used in conservation measures. In this way, the APARV plays a fundamental role for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest mammals, constituting an important area favoring the population movements of mammals.

scholarly journals Non-volant mammals, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Rio das Pedras, municipality of Mangaratiba, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Soares Pessôa ◽  
Thiago Carvalho Modesto ◽  
Hermano Gomes Albuquerque ◽  
Nina Attias ◽  
Helena De Godoy Bergallo
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
State List

The Atlantic Forest is recognized as a global hotspot for having one of the highest rates of endemism and biodiversity. Its portion in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced. The present study seeks to get information on the non-volant mammals of RPPN Rio das Pedras in municipality of Mangaratiba, state of Rio de Janeiro. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by the use of pitfalls, live traps, transects and camera traps. We recorded 23 non-volant species that represent 13.1 % of Rio de Janeiro’s terrestrial mammal species. Among the recorded species, five are endemic of the Atlantic Forest and three are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness, but the hunting activity and the  presence of exotic species may represent a threat to the local biodiversity and should be controlled.

scholarly journals Domestic dogs in Atlantic forest preserves of south-eastern Brazil: a camera-trapping study on patterns of entrance and site occupancy rates

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC. Srbek-Araujo ◽  
AG. Chiarello
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Potential Impact

Presence of exotic species in forest remnants is a major concern for the conservation of wild species, not only on islands, where potential impact is higher. Although the problem is widespread and increasing, there are few studies on Neotropical forests. Here we quantify the occurrence of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in an Atlantic forest reserve in south-eastern Brazil (Santa Lúcia Biological Station - SLBS). Throughout two years of monitoring with camera traps (2,142 camera-days), 25 records of 16 individual dogs were obtained in the interior of SLBS, making dogs the fourth most frequently recorded species of mammals in general and the first-ranking among Carnivora, ahead of the ocelot and puma, the top two terrestrial predators present in SLBS. Dogs entered the forest year round, in almost half of the sampled months (48%), and predominantly during daytime (89%). They were detected in various trails inside the reserve, but mostly in areas nearest to the reserve's border (<200 m from the edge). Record rates of domestic dogs did not correlate significantly with climate variables, with frequency of mammal records and richness in general, or with any particular mammal species (Spearman rank correlation, p > 0.05 in all cases), suggesting an erratic, non-seasonal pattern of entrance in the reserve. Data indicate that domestic dogs can be abundant and frequent visitors to little disturbed Atlantic forest reserves even when these are located in regions of low density of human population. The potential impact to native fauna is discussed.

scholarly journals Mammals of a forest fragment in Cambuci municipality, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermano Gomes Albuquerque ◽  
Paula Ferreira Martins ◽  
Flávia Soares Pessôa ◽  
Thiago Carvalho Modesto ◽  
Júlia Lins Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Current State ◽  
Socioeconomic Model

The Atlantic Forest is considered a hotspot due to its current state of vast degradation and high indexes of biodiversity. This biome has been degraded through the years by processes resulting from the Brazilian socioeconomic model of development. The seasonal semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest is a poorly studied phytophysiognomy specially degraded by human activities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In the present study we report the results of a rapid mammalian inventory conducted in the municipality of Cambuci, in a fragment of seasonal semi-deciduous forest. We used live traps and pitfall traps to capture non-volant small mammals, and mist-nets of different lengths to collect bats. To sample medium and large-sized mammals we used camera traps. We recorded 27 mammal species in the region, of which 16 are volant mammals. We emphasize the distribution extension of Trinomys setosus in 150 km (that enabled its insertion in the species list of Rio de Janeiro) and the capture of Lonchophylla peracchii, a recently described species apparently restricted to Atlantic Forest. Both facts show the importance of the fragment for the region biodiversity.

Interaction between frugivorous vertebrates and two plant species of the genus Spondias

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca A.P. Sampaio ◽  
Danielle O. Moreira ◽  
André M. de Assis ◽  
Sérgio L. Mendes ◽  
Andressa Gatti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

Abstract Most plant species in the Atlantic Forest invest in zoochory as a dispersal mechanism and many depend on vertebrates to fulfill that role. The sizes of fruits and seeds are limiting factors in interactions between vertebrates and plant species. For example, plants that produce fruits with large seeds are more dependent on large frugivorous vertebrates for dispersal. We used camera traps to observe the interactions between frugivorous vertebrates and two large seed-producing plants of the genus Spondias in the Tableland of the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Between 2015 and 2016 (622 camera days), we recorded 17 species of frugivorous vertebrates potentially ingesting fruit at the studied sites. Among the species recorded, only the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) was observed interacting directly with S. venulosa and S. macrocarpa. Our analysis indicates that the type of interaction depends on the body size of the vertebrate species, meaning that direct interaction with fruits of Spondias is commonly performed by medium and large vertebrates, such as spotted pacas, agoutis, and tapirs. Our study highlights the importance of these vertebrates in the forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest Tableland, such as the Linhares-Sooretama forest complex, for conservation and regeneration of plant communities.

Igapó seed patches: a potentially key resource for terrestrial vertebrates in a seasonally flooded forest of central Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Antunes ◽  
Fabrício Baccaro ◽  
Victor Lery Caetano Andrade ◽  
José Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Roberto Da Silva Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Abstract In Amazonian igapó forests (seasonally flooded forests on blackwater river margins), the end of the annual flood pulse results in the formation of extensive mat-like seed patches. The seeds in these patches then germinate, forming a dense, highly heterogeneous, assemblage. Animal–plant interactions in these areas, as well as the influence that the patches have on the occurrence of herbivorous vertebrates, remain almost completely unstudied. Using camera traps in areas with and without seed/seedling patches, we tested the relationship between these seed accumulation sites and the presence of bird and mammal species. At the micro-scale (between treatments), vertebrate occurrence was not related to patch presence. At the larger scale (local), distance from adjacent upland (terra firme) forest and seed patch size were correlated with vertebrate distribution. The widespread occurrence of terrestrially active birds and mammals throughout igapó forests, not just where food resource densities were high, seems to be a compromise strategy between exploring the area to select the most favourable food items, and minimizing the risk of being predated when spending extended time foraging at the concentrated food sources represented by the seed patches. Our results underline the potential importance of igapó forests as a key habitat for a variety of terrestrial terra firme taxa, as well as emphasize the dynamic nature of this forest type, and should encourage further studies of this habitat and resource availability system.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of targets to the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus are proportional to their abundance in Atlantic Forest fragments?

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Zortéa ◽  
Diego A. Silva ◽  
Analice M. Calaça
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACT Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) feeds preferably on mammal blood, including livestock animals, such as bovine cattle. In spite of using native preys in the wild, records of this feeding activity are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the foraging activity of D. rotundus based on video footage from camera traps in Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Goiás State, Brazil. Out of 23 mammal species recorded in the study area, four had interactions with Desmodus rotundus (Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu). The records were obtained from early night to sunrise. There was a correlation between abundance of potential preys and the choice of the target by D. rotundus. Most of the bat-prey interaction occurred on the edge of fragments. The present study records for the first time the potential use of the collared peccary (P. tajacu) and the giant armadillo (P. maximus) in the diet of D. rotundus.

scholarly journals Diet of Astyanax species (Teleostei, Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest River in Southern Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Silveira Vilella ◽  
Fernando Gertum Becker ◽  
Sandra Maria Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Seed Dispersers

Feeding habits of six species of Astyanax from river Maquiné are described. Fishes were sampled bi-monthly from November/95 to September/96 in two zones of the river. Items were identified, counted and had their abundance estimated according to a semi-quantitative scale. Frequency of occurrence, alimentary importance index (IFI) values and a similarity analysis of diets for each species-river zone sample were examined. All the species were considered typically omnivorous, with insects and vegetal matter being the most important items in their diet. These species could act as seed dispersers, particularly for macrophytes. Intra-specific spatial differences were not observed in comparisons of samples from two diferent regions of the river, except for A. fasciatus. The presence of Podostemaceae macrophytes in the mid-course of the river seemed to be important both as an autochthonous food resource and as habitat for several organisms preyed by the Astyanax species.

scholarly journals Mammal inventories in Seasonal Neotropical Forests: traditional approaches still compensate drawbacks of modern technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Carvalho ◽  
Luís M. Rosalino ◽  
Cristina H. Adania ◽  
Carlos E. L. Esbérard
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Line Transects

ABSTRACT Variation in body size, behavior, feeding habits and habitat use patterns in medium- and large-sized mammals influence the adequacy of sampling methods to register presence and abundance. Moreover, even if methods are similarly adequate, different methodologies result in distinct cost-efficiency relationships (i.e. some may have reduced costs, be less time-consuming and/or require less-skilled technicians). Focusing on three different sampling methods commonly used to monitor medium and large mammals in seasonal tropical forests, we compared the species richness detected by each method and quantified their cost-efficiencies: (1) camera traps; (2) line transects for direct observations of animals; and (3) line transects seeking tracks/footprints. We simultaneously monitored medium and large mammals along five trails between July and August 2009 and January and February 2010, in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve, São Paulo, Brazil. Data from two distinct seasons demonstrated that significantly higher species richness was achieved by using signs of presence and direct observations detected in transects. Camera traps recorded the fewest species, but represented the lowest cost per species. Direct observations and searches for tracks/footprints required a greater number of field technicians (with more skill and experience) to record the focal species and therefore have a higher cost, but allowed twice as many species to be recorded compared to camera traps. The choice of sampling methodology depends on the study objective, mammal species targeted and/or amount of resources available. We advocate use of camera traps for long-term studies and in conjunction with the other two methods to improve identification accuracy, allow individual identification and permit more accurate abundance estimates.

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