Experimental study on abnormal thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis caused by interference of thyroid hormone autoantibodies

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have suggested that iodine may influence thyroid hormone status, and perhaps antibody production, in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. To date, studies have been carried out using large amounts of iodine. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function and thyroid antibody levels in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who were living in an area of mild dietary iodine deficiency. METHODS: Forty patients who tested positive for anti-thyroid (TPO) antibodies or with a moderate to severe hypoechogenic pattern on ultrasound received 250 microg potassium iodide daily for 4 months (range 2-13 months). An additional 43 patients positive for TPO antibodies or with hypoechogenicity on ultrasound served as a control group. All patients were TBII negative. RESULTS: Seven patients in the iodine-treated group developed subclinical hypothyroidism and one patient became hypothyroid. Three of the seven who were subclinically hypothyroid became euthyroid again when iodine treatment was stopped. One patient developed hyperthyroidism with a concomitant increase in TBII titre to 17 U/l, but after iodine withdrawal this patient became euthyroid again. Only one patient in the control group developed subclinical hypothyroidism during the same time period. All nine patients who developed thyroid dysfunction had reduced echogenicity on ultrasound. Four of the eight patients who developed subclinical hypothyroidism had TSH concentrations greater than 3 mU/l. In 32 patients in the iodine-treated group and 42 in the control group, no significant changes in thyroid function, antibody titres or thyroid volume were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of supplementary iodine (250 microg) cause slight but significant changes in thyroid hormone function in predisposed individuals.

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Heterogeneity of the thyroglobulin epitopes associated with circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/bf03344071 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 977-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Salvatore Benvenga ◽

C. L. Burek ◽

M. Talor ◽

N. R. Rose ◽

F. Trimarchi

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Hormone Autoantibodies

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Abstract #335: Resistance to Thyroid Hormone in Two Siblings Associated With Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)44081-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Anpalakan Sathasivam ◽

Cheryl R. Rosenfeld

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Resistance To Thyroid Hormone

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DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA IN DISCORDANT THYROID FUNCTION TESTS DUE TO THYROID HORMONE AUTOANTIBODIES

AACE Clinical Case Reports ◽

10.4158/ep151142.cr ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e22-e25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Panudda Srichomkwun ◽

Neal H. Scherberg ◽

Jasminka Jakšić ◽

Samuel Refetoff

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Diagnostic Dilemma ◽

Thyroid Hormone Autoantibodies ◽

Function Tests

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The Effect of Iodine Restriction on Thyroid Function in Patients with Hypothyroidism Due to Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Yonsei Medical Journal ◽

10.3349/ymj.2003.44.2.227 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Soo Jee Yoon ◽

So Rae Choi ◽

Dol Mi Kim ◽

Jun Uh Kim ◽

Kyung Wook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

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Evaluation of thyroid function in patients with thyroid hormone autoantibodies

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/0009-8981(93)90194-9 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 219 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shigeki Sakata ◽

Takashi Komaki ◽

Toru Ogawa ◽

Hiroshi Takuno ◽

Ikuo Matsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Hormone Autoantibodies

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A Descriptive Study of Cytomorphological Grading of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Its Association with Thyroid Hormone Profile in a Tertiary Care Center in Mandya, Karnataka

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (29) ◽

pp. 2644-2649

Author(s):

Yakkar Muralidhar Bhat ◽

Suma H.V ◽

Shivakumar Sundaram Chettier ◽

Maithri C.M.

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Thyroid Lesion ◽

Hormone Profile

BACKGROUND Thyroid diseases are the most common endocrine disorders throughout the world. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroid disorder and it is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), only after goiter. FNAC is a quick, easy, safe, cost-effective and highly sensitive investigation for diagnosing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The cytomorphological grading of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was 1st done by Bhatia et al. in 1912. The purpose of this study was to grade Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cytomorphologically according to lymphocytic infiltration and correlating it with thyroid hormone profile. METHODS This is a descriptive study of 87 cases which were diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis from January 2019 to December 2019 at the Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, MIMS, Mandya. The slides were collected, reviewed and graded according to Bhatia et al.’s grading system. Thyroid hormone values were collected from the department of biochemistry. The association between cytological grades and thyroid hormone parameters such as T3, T4, TSH and antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody were evaluated. RESULTS In our study, female preponderance was noted. The age range in our study was 10 - 64 years and the majority of cases were in the age group of 21 - 40 years. Grade II was the most common cytological grade, followed by grade III. Based on thyroid function values, majority of the cases were hypothyroid, followed by euthyroid and remaining were hyperthyroid. Anti-TPO levels was raised in 80.6 %, most of them had hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS In our study, there was no statistical association between cytological grades and thyroid hormone status. KEYWORDS Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, FNAC, Bhatia et al.’s Grading, Anti-TPO Antibodies, fT3, fT4, Immunoassay Analyzer

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Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy

10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0018 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron E. Miller ◽

Teresa M. DeAngelis

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Therapeutic Management ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Hashimoto’S Encephalopathy ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Unclear Etiology

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare but potentially corticosteroid responsive disorder, which should be considered in cases of encephalopathy of unclear etiology. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis usually does not accompany HE and thyroid function is generally clinically normal. In this chapter, we review the differential diagnostic suspicions for a case of encephalopathy of unclear etiology and respective aspects that raise concern for HE. In addition, we discuss the utility of diagnostic testing and options for therapeutic management.

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Serum Selenium Status and Its Interrelationship with Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Antioxidant Defense in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9111070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1070

Author(s):

Rahim Rostami ◽

Sarmad Nourooz-Zadeh ◽

Afshin Mohammadi ◽

Hamid Reza Khalkhali ◽

Gordon Ferns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Se Deficiency ◽

Se Status

Selenium (Se) deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), although the available evidence is limited. The present study aimed to explore the interrelationships between serum Se status with measures of thyroid function and antioxidant defense in new cases of HT patients with hypoechogenic thyroid. HT patients (n = 49) and matched controls (n = 50) were recruited. Selenium, thyroid hormone panel, thyroid volume (TVol), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3) activity, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were assessed. HT patients exhibited lower Se levels compared to controls (p < 0.001) with the rates of Se-deficient (<0.85 µmol/L) participants being 58.8% and 34%, respectively. Se-deficient patients exhibited higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid volume (TVol), thyroglobulin, antibody-titers, GPx3 activity and UIC/Cr compared to Se-sufficient patients (all p < 0.001). In the Se-deficient patients, inverse correlations were seen between Se-levels with TSH, TVol, and Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (all p < 0.001). This study is the first to uncover that coexisting Se-deficiency and elevated iodine in HT may enhance autoimmune reactions and accelerate the deterioration of thyroid function through oxidative stress. Our study also highlights the importance of optimal Se status in this disease, thus providing a rationale for the execution of intervention trials for the evaluation of the clinical benefits of antioxidant-status improvement in HT.

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