scholarly journals Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency

1998 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Reinhardt ◽  
M Luster ◽  
KH Rudorff ◽  
C Heckmann ◽  
S Petrasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Doses

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have suggested that iodine may influence thyroid hormone status, and perhaps antibody production, in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. To date, studies have been carried out using large amounts of iodine. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function and thyroid antibody levels in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who were living in an area of mild dietary iodine deficiency. METHODS: Forty patients who tested positive for anti-thyroid (TPO) antibodies or with a moderate to severe hypoechogenic pattern on ultrasound received 250 microg potassium iodide daily for 4 months (range 2-13 months). An additional 43 patients positive for TPO antibodies or with hypoechogenicity on ultrasound served as a control group. All patients were TBII negative. RESULTS: Seven patients in the iodine-treated group developed subclinical hypothyroidism and one patient became hypothyroid. Three of the seven who were subclinically hypothyroid became euthyroid again when iodine treatment was stopped. One patient developed hyperthyroidism with a concomitant increase in TBII titre to 17 U/l, but after iodine withdrawal this patient became euthyroid again. Only one patient in the control group developed subclinical hypothyroidism during the same time period. All nine patients who developed thyroid dysfunction had reduced echogenicity on ultrasound. Four of the eight patients who developed subclinical hypothyroidism had TSH concentrations greater than 3 mU/l. In 32 patients in the iodine-treated group and 42 in the control group, no significant changes in thyroid function, antibody titres or thyroid volume were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of supplementary iodine (250 microg) cause slight but significant changes in thyroid hormone function in predisposed individuals.

scholarly journals Serum Selenium Status and Its Interrelationship with Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Antioxidant Defense in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Rahim Rostami ◽  
Sarmad Nourooz-Zadeh ◽  
Afshin Mohammadi ◽  
Hamid Reza Khalkhali ◽  
Gordon Ferns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Se Status

Selenium (Se) deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), although the available evidence is limited. The present study aimed to explore the interrelationships between serum Se status with measures of thyroid function and antioxidant defense in new cases of HT patients with hypoechogenic thyroid. HT patients (n = 49) and matched controls (n = 50) were recruited. Selenium, thyroid hormone panel, thyroid volume (TVol), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3) activity, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were assessed. HT patients exhibited lower Se levels compared to controls (p < 0.001) with the rates of Se-deficient (<0.85 µmol/L) participants being 58.8% and 34%, respectively. Se-deficient patients exhibited higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid volume (TVol), thyroglobulin, antibody-titers, GPx3 activity and UIC/Cr compared to Se-sufficient patients (all p < 0.001). In the Se-deficient patients, inverse correlations were seen between Se-levels with TSH, TVol, and Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (all p < 0.001). This study is the first to uncover that coexisting Se-deficiency and elevated iodine in HT may enhance autoimmune reactions and accelerate the deterioration of thyroid function through oxidative stress. Our study also highlights the importance of optimal Se status in this disease, thus providing a rationale for the execution of intervention trials for the evaluation of the clinical benefits of antioxidant-status improvement in HT.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro effects of statins on lymphocytes in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevim Gullu ◽  
Rifat Emral ◽  
Mehmet Bastemir ◽  
Arthur B Parkes ◽  
John H Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Background: Statins have apoptotic effects on many cell types. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease in which cell-mediated autoimmune mechanisms are pathogenetically involved. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of Simvastatin on thyroid function, lymphocyte subtypes and also to investigate the apoptotic effects of Simvastatin, Mevastatin, Pravastatin and Cerivastatin on lymphocytes from patients with HT. Methods: In the first part of the study, 11 patients with HT and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) were given Simvastatin (20 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Ten patients with SH and HT served as the control group. No treatment was given to controls. Thyroid function, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lymphocyte subtypes of both groups were determined before the study and after 8 weeks. In the second part of the study, the apoptotic effects of statins on lymphocytes were evaluated in patients with HT (n = 10) and normal subjects (n = 10) in vitro. Apoptosis was investigated by using Annexin-V and propidium iodide. Lymphocytes from patients and controls were incubated with different concentrations of Simvastatin, Cerivastatin, Mevastatin and Pravastatin. Results: An increase in serum free tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine levels and a decrease in TSH levels were observed (P < 0.05) with Simvastatin treatment. CD4 + cells and B lymphocytes increased whilst CD8 + cells, natural killer cells and activated T lymphocytes decreased significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The CRP level of the group also decreased with Simvastatin but it did not reach significance (P = 0.057). None of parameters was found to be different from the baseline in the control group. In in vitro experiments, apoptosis was observed in CD3 + (both in CD8 + and CD4 + cells) with all statins in both patient and control samples. Mevalonate, which was used in experiments, reversed apoptosis in some but not all samples. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that Simvastatin is an immune modulatory agent and improves thyroid function in patients with HT. This effect is probably mediated via lymphocyte apoptosis as demonstrated with in vitro experiments and is not confined to Simvastatin since Mevastatin, Pravastatin and Cerivastatin also induced apoptosis in lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up of 19 Children With Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Aged Below 3 Years: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Tang ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Ya-jie Tong ◽  
Ying Xin
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Global Developmental Delay

AimTo analyze the clinical characteristics of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in children below 3 years of age in order to improve the understanding of the disease, avoid misdiagnosis, and achieve early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 19 patients diagnosed with HT in the first three years of life.ResultsThe patients (12 female, 7 male) had an average age of 26.1 ± 8.2 months (range 10–36 months). At presentation, one patient had euthyroidism, ten had hypothyroidism, seven had subclinical hypothyroidism, and one had hyperthyroidism. The most common reasons for doctor’s visits were thyroid enlargement (21.1%), global developmental delay (21.1%), and routine thyroid function tests in patients with type 1 diabetes (26.3%). Sixteen patients provided follow-up data, and the mean follow-up time was 23.31 ± 16.44 months (range 1–48 months). In the hypothyroidism group, one patient stopped levothyroxine (LT4) treatment after 2 months; the remaining patients had been treated with LT4 since their diagnosis. In the subclinical hypothyroidism group, one patient whose thyroid function returned to normal after 1 month of being diagnosed was not treated. The remaining patients received LT4 treatment at their diagnosis or during follow-up. The patient with hyperthyroidism was treated with methimazole after diagnosis, but treatment was discontinued 11 months later and LT4 was initiated 26 months after diagnosis. One in four patients with global developmental delay approached normal mental development after LT4 treatment. Four in six patients with short stature achieved height catch-up.ConclusionAt their initial HT diagnosis, most of the children showed hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Children with global developmental delay require continual screening, even if the thyroid function is normal after birth, to determine whether they have HT-induced hypothyroidism. Thyroxine replacement could partially relieve the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving patient prognosis.

scholarly journals Thyroid Function in 3000 Cases of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Catheter Ablation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A979-A980
Author(s):  
Sayaka Yamada ◽  
Yasuyo Nakajima ◽  
Ayaka Nishikido ◽  
Masako Akuzawa ◽  
Koji Sakamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Treated Male ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Abstract Objective: Thyroid hormones have various effects on cardiac and circulatory systems, leading to arrhythmias and heart failure. In Europe and the United States, it has been reported that elevated thyroid hormones within the normal range have been reported to be associated with a risk of atrial fibrillation, however, there was no report on Japanese cases, a country that differs in iodine intake and ethnicity from the West. Therefore, we evaluated the abnormality of thyroid function in a large number of cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) who received catheter ablation (RFCA) in Japan. Methods: We evaluated 2,937 cases of atrial fibrillation (2,084 males, mean age 64.1±10.7 years and 853 females, 69.0±8.5 years) who underwent RFCA at the Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center between 2012 and 2018. As a control we used a total of 15,660 participants for health check-up (9,176 males, mean age 49.7±9.8 years and 6,484 females, 48.9±10.3 years) from 2006 to 2013, and we evaluated thyroid function after adjusting for gender-specific age. Results: The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism was significantly higher in the RFCA-treated male group (0.43%) than in the control group (0.07%), even after adjusting for age (p&lt;0.01). Similarly, the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism was also significantly higher in the RFCA-treated male group (3.12%) than in the control group (0.94%) after adjusting for age (p&lt;0.01). On the other hand, subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly lower in the RFCA-treated group after adjusting for age (2.97% in the RFCA-treated group and 3.93% in the control group, p&lt;0.01). Females showed the same results as males. Conclusions: In an iodine rich country Japan, not only overt hyperthyroidism but also subclinical hyperthyroidism is an obvious risk factor for severe atrial fibrillation in Japan. Intriguingly, subclinical hypothyroidism might contribute to the prevention of atrial fibrillation, suggesting that slightly higher serum TSH levels might be better for elderlies.

scholarly journals Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Children and Adolescents with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis before and after l-Thyroxin Medication: A Prospective Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Pavlos Drongitis ◽  
Eleni P. Kotanidou ◽  
Anastasios Serbis ◽  
Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou ◽  
Spyridon Gerou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Sites Of Action

Backgrounds and Objectives: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a complex hormone, sharing common sites of action with thyroid hormones. We investigated the association among FGF-21 levels, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and l-thyroxin (LT4) treatment in children and adolescents with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 youngsters with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (30 with subclinical hypothyroidism, 30 with euthyroidism) and 30 age and sex-matched healthy participants (5–18 years old) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric, biochemical parameters, and RMR levels were assessed in all participants; serum FGF-21 levels were measured in the control group and the group with subclinical hypothyroidism before and six months after medication with LT4. Results: FGF-21 levels were lower in the treatment group compared with the healthy ones, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05); despite the increase in FGF-21 levels after six months of LT4 treatment, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Free thyroxin (FT4) levels correlated well with FGF-21 levels (r = 0.399, p < 0.01), but further analysis revealed no interaction between these two variables. Both patient groups presented elevated triglyceride (TG) levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). LT4 treatment had no impact on RMR and lipid or liver or glycaemic parameters. An increase in fat mass and fat-free mass were reported, independently of FGF-21 levels. Conclusions: In youngsters with subclinical hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the serum FGF-21 levels are not significantly lower than in healthy individuals and increase after treatment with LT4 without a statistical significance. Further studies with a large number of young patients and severe hypothyroidism are recommended to confirm our results.

scholarly journals Cause of Hypothyroidism in Post Iniversal Salt Iodization era in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Sunil Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Sufficiency

Introduction: Iodine deficiency remains the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide, but in areas of iodine sufficiency autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) is most common. After implementation of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) to control Iodine Deficiency Disorder(IDD), Nepal is heading towards iodine sufficiency but the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism is still high. So this study was done to find out either chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the cause of clinical hypothyroidism in post universal salt iodization era of Nepal by measuring Anti-TPO antibody. Method: Newly diagnosed patients with Clinical or Sub clinical hypothyroidism by thyroid function test were included in this study. Anti-TPO antibody was measured by Elisa method, Anti-TPO >34 was considered positive. All the data’s were analyzed using SPSS software. Result: In this study 1000 patients were included, male to female ratio was 5:1. 270 patients had clinical hypothyroidism among which 230(85.1%) patients had Anti-TPO antibody positive. Among 730 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism only 220(30.1%) patients had antibody positive. Our result showed that TPO antibody was positive in clinical hypothyroidism compared to subclinical hypothyroidism with statistical significance (p<0.001). Our result also showed that clinical hypothyroidism had higher TPO value (mean 225.14) compared to subclinical hypothyroidism (74.34) with statistical significance p<0.001. Conclusion: The cause of hypothyroidism in present day Nepal is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). As we are moving from iodine deficiency status to iodine adequate or iodine excess status there might be an increased burden of thyroid disorders in Nepal due to the increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Five-Year Prospective Evaluation of Thyroid Function Test Evolution in Children with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Presenting with Either Euthyroidism or Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Thyroid ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Andrea Corrias ◽  
Mariacarolina Salerno ◽  
Daniele Tessaris ◽  
Raffaella Di Mase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Function Test

Vitamin D Treatment in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis may Decrease the Development of Hypothyroidism

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Ucan ◽  
Mustafa Sahin ◽  
Muyesser Sayki Arslan ◽  
Nujen Colak Bozkurt ◽  
Muhammed Kizilgul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Society ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean

Abstract.The relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and vitamin D has been demonstrated in several studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vitamin D concentrations in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the effect of vitamin D therapy on the course of disease, and to determine changes in thyroid autoantibody status and cardiovascular risk after vitamin D therapy. We included 75 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 43 healthy individuals. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D3) concentration less than 20ng/mL. Vitamin D deficient patients were given 50.000 units of 25(OH)D3 weekly for eight weeks in accordance with the Endocrine Society guidelines. All evaluations were repeated after 2 months of treatment. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had significantly lower vitamin D concentrations compared with the controls (9.37±0.69 ng/mL vs 11.95±1.01 ng/mL, p < 0.05, respectively). Thyroid autoantibodies were significantly decreased by vitamin D replacement treatment in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Also, HDL cholesterol concentrations improved in the euthyroid Hashimoto group after treatment. The mean free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were 0.89±0.02 ng/dL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 1.07±0.03 ng/dL in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). The mean thyroid volumes were 7.71±0.44 mL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 5.46±0.63 mL in the healthy control group (p < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and treatment of patients with this condition with Vitamin D may slow down the course of development of hypothyroidism and also decrease cardiovascular risks in these patients. Vitamin D measurement and replacement may be critical in these patients.

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