scholarly journals Why do men harass women? On the phenomenon of sex differences between victims and perpetrators of stalking and other forms of emotional abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cultural Foundations

Persistent harassment, including stalking, bullying and sexual harassment, which are classified as so called emotional abuse, have a lot in common. All of them involve harassing or tormenting other people. In the following article I will concentrate primarily on the problem of stalking, although sometimes the mechanism behind sexual harassment is similar and rooted in the same cultural foundations.

Sex Differences in Health Following Military Sexual Harassment and Warfare Exposure

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schuster ◽  
Jay Morrison ◽  
Jillian Shipherd ◽  
Dawne Vogt ◽  
Daniel King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment

Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leora N. Rosen ◽  
Lee Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Experiences ◽  
Physical Neglect

Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.

Differential Effect of Childhood Trauma Subtypes on Fatigue and Physical Functioning in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
M. De Venter ◽  
J. Illegems ◽  
R. Van Royen ◽  
B. Sabbe ◽  
G. Moorkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

ObjectiveThere is a large consensus concerning the important aetiological role of childhood trauma in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In the current study, we examine the differential effect of childhood trauma subtypes on fatigue and physical functioning in patients with CFS.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-five participants receiving treatment at the outpatient clinic for CFS of the Antwerp University Hospital in Belgium were included in this study. Stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the outcomes of the total score of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) measuring fatigue and the physical functioning subscale of the medical outcomes short form-36 health status survey (SF-36) as the dependent variables, and the scores on the five Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) subscales as the independent variables.ResultsFatigue and physical functioning scores in CFS patients were significantly predicted by sexual harassment only. A significant effect of emotional neglect, emotional abuse and bodily threat during childhood on elevated fatigue or reduced physical functioning levels could not be found.ConclusionThere is a differential effect of childhood trauma subtypes on fatigue and physical functioning in CFS patients. Sexual harassment emerged as the most important predictor variable. Therefore, childhood (sexual) trauma has to be taken into account in assessment and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Peer Aggression and Sexual Harassment among Young Adolescents in a School Context: A Comparative Study between Finland and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-221
Author(s):  
Isik Zeliha Ulubas-Varpula ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
School Context ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Peer Aggression ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Cyber Aggression

The study investigates peer aggression and sexual harassment among young adolescents in Finland and Turkey. Sex differences and the interaction effect between country of residence and sex are also examined. A questionnaire was completed by 1,747 adolescents (1, 268 from Finland, 479 from Turkey, Mage = 14.1). Six different forms of aggression (physical, verbal, indirect, cyber, verbal sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment) were examined. More adolescents from Turkey, and more boys, were found to be involved in aggression as both victims and perpetrators compared to adolescents from Finland and girls. The interaction effect was significant between country of residence and sex with being a boy from Turkey was related to having the highest involvement in cyber aggression, verbal sexual harassment, and physical sexual harassment, as both victim and perpetrator. Regarding victimization from indirect aggression, girls from Finland scored higher than Turkish girls, while boys from Turkey scored higher than Finnish boys.

Sexual harassment in the Marines, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and perceived health: Evidence for sex differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian C. Shipherd ◽  
Suzanne L. Pineles ◽  
Jaimie L. Gradus ◽  
Patricia A. Resick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms

scholarly journals Sex differences in outcomes and harasser characteristics associated with frightening sexual harassment appraisals.

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis H. Settles ◽  
NiCole T. Buchanan ◽  
Stevie C. Y. Yap ◽  
Zaje A. T. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment

scholarly journals Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Guoliang Huang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Neglect

Background: Depressive symptoms and child maltreatment are both global public health problems among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the associations between five types of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, with a focus on potential sex differences.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Chinese college students was conducted from March to June 2019 with a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method. In total, 30,179 college students from 60 colleges of 10 Chinese province-level regions completed standard questionnaires, including a history of child maltreatment and current depressive symptoms.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students in China was 7.3%. After adjusting for control variables, physical abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.23), emotional abuse (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.19–1.23), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16–1.22), physical neglect (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12–1.16) and emotional neglect (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07–1.09) were all positively associated with depressive symptoms. Notably, a cumulative effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students was observed. Moreover, sex differences in the associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and the number of maltreatment types with depressive symptoms were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further stratification analyses showed that female students who experienced emotional abuse and emotional neglect had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than male students, and the cumulative effect of maltreatment types was stronger for females than males.Conclusion: Five types of child maltreatment and their co-occurrence were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among college students. Furthermore, the effects of emotional abuse, emotional neglect and the number of maltreatment types on depressive symptoms were stronger for females than for males. These findings can promote understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms, and prevention and intervention strategies for depressive symptoms should consider the type of child maltreatment and sex differences.

Sex differences in the effect of childhood emotional abuse on hippocampal volume

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. e19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela DeRosse ◽  
Erin Samplin ◽  
Anil Malhotra ◽  
Philip Szeszko
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse

Aggression, Victimization and Sexual Harassment among Young Adolescents in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Isik Z. Ulubas Å ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist ◽  
Karin Österman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Southeast Region

Abstract The study investigates sex differences and regional differences in both victimization and perpetration of aggression and sexual harassment in Turkey. A questionnaire was completed by 482 young adolescents (9−15 years of age) from four regions in Turkey. Six different forms of aggression (physical, verbal, indirect, cyber, verbal sexual harassment, and physical sexual harassment) were examined in relation to sex and region. Sex differences were found both regarding victimization from and perpetration of aggression. Boys were found to perpetrate and become victimized more from sexual harassment than girls. Regional differences were found, with young adolescents from the Southeast region scoring higher than others on some forms of victimization and perpetration of aggression. The results are compared with previous findings and possible causes for the aggression are discussed.

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