scholarly journals THE SCALE OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL FARMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mikołajczyk ◽  
Tomasz Wojewodzic ◽  
Wojciech Sroka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Real Chance

The aim of the research was to identify the scale of investment activity in commercial farms located within different distances of large urban centres. The research covered six voivodships: Lower Silesia, the Lubelskie Voivodship, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Pomerania and Greater Poland. The source of data used in the analyses was the database of the Polish FADN system. Out of the 3,508 farms participating in the system, over an uninterrupted period between 2004 and 2016, entities operating within the study area were selected and classified into three groups: the inner zone of the metropolitan area, the outer zone of the metropolitan area and others (outside metropolitan areas). Out of the population of 1,668 commercial farms that were selected, 46 operated in the inner zone of metropolitan areas, while 143 – in the outer zone. The averaged values for the distinguished groups were subjected to a comparative analysis. The research showed that farms in metropolitan areas have more factors of production (especially land) and demonstrate faster growth compared to farms located outside the zones of a city’s economic impact. They also spend higher amounts on investment and show a higher investment rate. The scale of investment activity of farms located in metropolitan zones gives such entities a real chance of gaining a competitive advantage (both in resources and production) over farms located outside metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS AND VARIABILITY IN INCOME FROM FARMING IN FARMS OPERATING IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wojewodzic ◽  
Wojciech Sroka ◽  
Jarosław Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Core ◽  
Big City ◽  
Estimate Rate ◽  
Lower Silesia

The aim of the paper was to indicate differences in income from agricultural activity earned by farm owners located in different zones under the influence of a big city. The study covered entities from six voivodships: Lower Silesia, Lubelskie, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Pomerania and Greater Poland. The database of the Polish FADN system was the source of data presented in the analysis. The outer and inner metropolitan zone have been distinguished as well as the group of objects located outside metropolitan areas. For the distinguished groups, a comparative analysis was carried out. Research pinpointed that in the inner metropolitan area zone, there was evidently a considerably higher income from a farm on one unit of own work and the estimate rate of wage for an hour of hired work. The average value of these categories was diminishing in subsequent zones along with moving away from the core of metropolitan areas. Apart from that, in all the three researched groups of farms, the average rate of wage of own work was higher than the rate of wage of hired work. This means that farm owners also take wages from management and the incurred economy risk. The height of these wages is subjected to considerable fluctuation that result from e.g., observed economic fluctuations in agriculture.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of High-Speed Railway Network in China’s Metropolitan Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Qingmu Su ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Rail Network

<em>The role of high-speed rail network in the metropolitan areas is becoming more and more important, which has become one of the main ways of the city personnel contacts. This paper mainly uses the social network analysis method to revamp the six national metropolitan areas: metropolitan area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, metropolitan area of Hachang, metropolitan area of Chengyu, metropolitan area of Yangtze River Delta, metropolitan area of Zhongyuan, metropolitan area of Beibu Gulf make a comparative analysis. The macroscopic and microscopic angles are used to calculate and compare the overall network characteristics, centrality, core-periphery structure and cohesion subgroups. It is mainly due to the fact that the high-speed rail network structure of the six major metropolitan areas needs to be improved. Metropolitan area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and metropolitan area of Zhongyuan are relatively good the integrity and the connectivity. Metropolitan area of Yangtze River Delta is the highest utilization rate of resources. Metropolitan area of Hachang is the highest network density. Metropolitan area of Chengyu is outstanding between core and periphery. Metropolitan area of Beibu Gulf network of organizations is broken. Therefore, when layout of high-speed rail infrastructure, we should consider the high-speed rail network resource utilization, balance high-speed rail traffic within the metropolitan areas, thus enhancing the city’s high-speed rail accessibility and convenience.</em>

Superstar Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gyourko ◽  
Christopher Mayer ◽  
Todd Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
House Price ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Price Appreciation

We document large long-run differences in average house price appreciation across metropolitan areas over the past 50 years, and show they can be explained by an inelastic supply of land in some unique locations combined with an increasing number of highincome households nationally. The resulting high house prices and price-to-rent ratios in those “superstar” areas crowd out lower income households. The same forces generate a similar pattern among municipalities within a metropolitan area. These facts suggest that disparate local house price and income trends can be driven by aggregate demand, not just changes in local factors such as productivity or amenities. (JEL R11, R23, R31, R52)

scholarly journals The Delimitation of Bipolar Metropolitan Area Within the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Biczkowski ◽  
Iwona Müller-Frączek ◽  
Joanna Muszyńska ◽  
Michał Bernard Pietrzak ◽  
Justyna Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Dual Core

The objective of the article was to re-define the bipolar metropolitan area within the area of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region (NUTS 2). Concentration of metropolitan features, as well as socio-economic situations of its communes (NUTS 5) in 2011, and also the dynamics of communes’ development in the period 2009-2011 were considered in the procedure of delimitation. Bydgoszcz and Toruń, as the economically strongest cities in the region, were established as the dual core of the bipolar metropolitan area. It was assumed that the determined metropolitan area would cover the best developed and the fastest developing communes which met the following criteria of a metropolitan area: neighbourhood, continuity, compactness, maximum distance and population. The development levels of the communes were determined with the use of synthetic measure. Its values were calculated considering the economic (e.g. the amount of income) and also social (e.g. unemployment) aspects of regional development, as well as features typical of metropolitan areas, such as: well-developed sectors of R&D, knowledge-based economy and serving superior services. In the research, linear arrangement methods classifying as taxonomic tools of multivariate data analysis was applied. The metropolitan area resulting from the research (BipOM) slightly differs from the Bydgoszcz-Toruń Metropolitan Area (B-TOM) which was formally appointed in 2005 and composed all of the communes located within the area of the Bydgoski and Toruński districts (NUTS 4). Chełmża and Koronowo, as the less developed communes of the districts, were excluded from the new metropolitan area, while the communes of Ciechocinek, Nakło and Unisław, belonging to the neighbouring districts of the region, were included in the BipOM due to their significant level of regional development and its dynamics. Furthermore the Inowrocław district (bordered on the BipOM) was identified as the prospective candidate for the BipOM, due to the fact that its communes demonstrate a high potential for regional development.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis Between LSTM and LSTM Ensembled Strategy for Short-term Load Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathun Fattah ◽  
Pritom Mojumder ◽  
Azmol Ahmed Fuad ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmad ◽  
Eklas hossain
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Load Forecasting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Load Forecasting ◽  
Utility Companies

This work entails producing load forecasting through lstm and lstm ensembled networks and put up a comparative picture between the two. Our work establishes that lstm ensemble learning can produce a better prediction compared to single lstm networks. We tried to quantify the improvement and assess the economic impact that it can have on the utility companies.

Economic impact of fatal and non-fatal road traffic injuries in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area and Jalisco, Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Perez-Nunez ◽  
L. Avila-Burgos ◽  
M. Hijar-Medina ◽  
B. Pelcastre-Villafuerte ◽  
A. Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries

The Fragmentation of Metropolitan Public School Districts and the Segregation of American Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith P. Richards ◽  
Kori J. Stroub
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School District ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Public School District ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Context Scholars have increasingly raised concerns about the “fragmentation” or proliferation of metropolitan public school districts, citing the potential for fragmentation to facilitate racial/ethnic segregation by permitting individuals to sort more efficiently across district boundaries. In addition, scholars have expressed particular concern about the rapid growth of charter districts and their potential to exacerbate segregation. Purpose of Study In this study, we provide initial evidence on the effect of public school district fragmentation on the trajectory of racial/ethnic segregation in metropolitan areas, attending to the differential effects of regular school district fragmentation as well as charter district fragmentation. Research Design Using NCES Common Core data for the 2002–2010 school years, we computed measures of regular public school district fragmentation and charter district fragmentation as well as nine measures of racial/ethnic segregation for all 366 U.S. metropolitan areas (3 geographic x 3 racial/ethnic decompositions). We then estimated a series of multilevel longitudinal models predicting change in each measure of segregation as a function of regular and charter school district fragmentation. Results We found that school district fragmentation is unrelated to the overall level of segregation in a metropolitan area. More fragmented metropolitan areas have higher levels of segregation across districts than less fragmented metropolitan areas; however, they have lower levels of segregation within districts and equivalent levels of total metropolitan segregation. Likewise, school district fragmentation was not associated with worsening segregation over time or with attenuation of the secular trend toward declining segregation. More fragmented metropolitan areas had smaller declines in between-district segregation over the study period than less fragmented metropolitan areas; however, they had equivalent declines in within-district and total metropolitan segregation. In addition, charter district fragmentation was unrelated to the level or trajectory of school segregation in a metropolitan area. Conclusions Our results provide a somewhat more sanguine assessment of school district fragmentation than previous research. We found that the fragmentation of regular public school districts serves to shift the geographic scale of segregation from within districts to between districts; however, fragmentation does not exacerbate metropolitan racial/ethnic segregation. In addition, despite the rapid growth of charter districts, we find no evidence that charter district fragmentation has worsened overall metropolitan racial/ethnic segregation. Moreover, metropolitan areas are not experiencing the “fragmentation” of their traditional public school districts; rather, traditional school districts are consolidating despite increasing enrollment.

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