Extreme sleep fragmentation for 11 consecutive days and nights does not significantly alter total sleep time, and sleep stage distribution, during the continuous alpine downhill skiing world record

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Mirco Gindulis ◽  
Nikolaus C.r Netze ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Christian K.M. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
World Record ◽  
Stage Distribution ◽  
Downhill Skiing

Introduction: Extreme levels of sleep deprivation, fragmentation and management, are major problems in many sportive disciplines, ultramarathons, polar or extreme altitude expeditions, and in space operations. Material and methods: Polysomnographic (PSG) data was continuously recorded (total sleep time and sleep stage distribution) in a 34-year-old male whilst performing the new world record in long-term downhill skiing. He napped only during the short ski lift rides for 11 days and nights. Results: After an initial period of complete sleep deprivation for 24 hours, total sleep time and the total times of non-REM and REM achieved during the lift rides returned to standard values on the second day. PSG data revealed an average sleep time per 24 hours of 6 hours and 6 minutes. During daylight sleep was rarely registered. The subject experienced only two minor falls without injury and immediately resumed skiing. Conclusion: In a healthy, trained, elite male athlete, sleep fragmentation over 11 consecutive days did not significantly impair the sleep, motor or cognitive skills required to perform a continuous downhill skiing world record after an initial adaptation phase.

251 Agreement and reliability of a new polysomnography sleep staging algorithm against multiple human scorers

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A101-A101
Author(s):  
Ulysses Magalang ◽  
Brendan Keenan ◽  
Bethany Staley ◽  
Peter Anderer ◽  
Marco Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Staging ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Scoring Algorithm ◽  
Scoring Algorithms ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Introduction Scoring algorithms have the potential to increase polysomnography (PSG) scoring efficiency while also ensuring consistency and reproducibility. We sought to validate an updated sleep staging algorithm (Somnolyzer; Philips, Monroeville PA USA) against manual sleep staging, by analyzing a dataset we have previously used to report sleep staging variability across nine center-members of the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC). Methods Fifteen PSGs collected at a single sleep clinic were scored independently by technologists at nine SAGIC centers located in six countries, and auto-scored with the algorithm. Each 30-second epoch was staged manually according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and performed a Bland-Altman analysis comparing the average manual- and auto-scored total sleep time (TST) and time in each sleep stage (N1, N2, N3, rapid eye movement [REM]). We hypothesized that the values from auto-scoring would show good agreement and reliability when compared to the average across manual scorers. Results The participants contributing to the original dataset had a mean (SD) age of 47 (12) years and 80% were male. Auto-scoring showed substantial (ICC=0.60-0.80) or almost perfect (ICC=0.80-1.00) reliability compared to manual-scoring average, with ICCs (95% confidence interval) of 0.976 (0.931, 0.992) for TST, 0.681 (0.291, 0.879) for time in N1, 0.685 (0.299, 0.881) for time in N2, 0.922 (0.791, 0.973) for time in N3, and 0.930 (0.811, 0.976) for time in REM. Similarly, Bland-Altman analyses showed good agreement between methods, with a mean difference (limits of agreement) of only 1.2 (-19.7, 22.0) minutes for TST, 13.0 (-18.2, 44.1) minutes for N1, -13.8 (-65.7, 38.1) minutes for N2, -0.33 (-26.1, 25.5) minutes for N3, and -1.2 (-25.9, 23.5) minutes for REM. Conclusion Results support high reliability and good agreement between the auto-scoring algorithm and average human scoring for measurements of sleep durations. Auto-scoring slightly overestimated N1 and underestimated N2, but results for TST, N3 and REM were nearly identical on average. Thus, the auto-scoring algorithm is acceptable for sleep staging when compared against human scorers. Support (if any) Philips.

Sleep and Psychological Abuse Among Cohabiting Couples: A Pilot Study

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
Sharon Rose ◽  
Linda Berg-Cross ◽  
Nancy A. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between psychological abuse and sleep deprivation among nonclinical cohabiting couples. Thirty-one couples participated in completing a variety of sleep measures, a psychological abuse scale, and a relationship satisfaction survey. Results indicated a persistent relationship between everyday sleep deficits (sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and self-reported total sleep time) and the perceived perpetration and felt victimization of psychological abuse. Overall, results were as hypothesized, but there were gender differences. Male psychological abuse victimization and perpetration were significantly related to sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, but for women, only sleep duration was predictive of felt victimization. The sleep variables were significantly related to women’s—but not men’s—reported relationship satisfaction. Overall, minimal sleep deprivation appears to be related to increased psychological abuse perpetration and victimization even among a normative population scoring outside the clinical range on these measures. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.

SLEEP PATTERNS IN PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN: AN EEG-EOG STUDY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Ross ◽  
Harman W. Agnew ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
Wilse B. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Older Subjects

The typical all-night sleep pattern of the pre-adolescent male was determined by analyzing the simultaneous EEG-EOG tracings of 18 healthy schoolboys (range 8 to 11 years). The sleep patterns of these boys resembled that of older subjects by the occurrence of a more or less orderly sequence of sleep stages which spontaneously shifted from one stage to another. Stability of the pattern for a given boy was observed in the consistent amount of time spent in each sleep stage and in the number of sleep stage changes night after night. When compared with the adult sleep patterns, pre-adolescent total sleep time was 2½ hours longer with unequal distribution of the added time to each of the sleep stages. Sleep stages in children are longer in duration than in adults, and the sleep patterns are as stable as that of the adult.

scholarly journals Sleep Fragmentation Does Not Explain Misperception of Latency or Total Sleep Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Saline ◽  
Balaji Goparaju ◽  
Matt T. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation

scholarly journals Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Were Five Times More Likely to Suffer From Total Sleep Deprivation Compared to Non-COVID-19 Patients; an Observational Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva S. van den Ende ◽  
Kim D. I. van Veldhuizen ◽  
Belle Toussaint ◽  
Hanneke Merten ◽  
Peter M. van de Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Patient Reported

Objectives: Sleeping disorders are a common complaint in patients who suffer from an acute COVID-19 infection. Nonetheless, little is known about the severity of sleep disturbances in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and whether these are caused by disease related symptoms, hospitalization, or the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the quality and quantity of sleep in hospitalized patients with and without COVID-19, and to determine the main reasons for sleep disruption.Methods: This was an observational comparative study conducted between October 1, 2020 and February 1, 2021 at the pulmonary ward of an academic hospital in the Netherlands. This ward contained both COVID-19-positive and -negative tested patients. The sleep quality was assessed using the PROMIS-Sleep Disturbance Short Form and sleep quantity using the Consensus Sleep Diary. Patient-reported sleep disturbing factors were summarized.Results: A total of 79 COVID-19 patients (mean age 63.0, male 59.5%) and 50 non-COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.5, male 54.0%) participated in this study. A significantly larger proportion of patients with COVID-19 reported not to have slept at all (19% vs. 4% of non-COVID-19 patients, p = 0.011). The Sleep quality (PROMIS total score) and quantity (Total Sleep Time) did not significantly differ between both groups ((median PROMIS total score COVID-19; 26 [IQR 17-35], non-COVID-19; 23 [IQR 18-29], p = 0.104), (Mean Total Sleep Time COVID-19; 5 h 5 min, non-COVID-19 mean; 5 h 32 min, p = 0.405)). The most frequently reported disturbing factors by COVID-19 patients were; ‘dyspnea’, ‘concerns about the disease’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘noises of other patients, medical staff and medical devices’.Conclusion: This study showed that both patients with and without an acute COVID-19 infection experienced poor quality and quantity of sleep at the hospital. Although the mean scores did not significantly differ between groups, total sleep deprivation was reported five times more often by COVID-19 patients. With one in five COVID-19 patients reporting a complete absence of night sleep, poor sleep seems to be a serious problem. Sleep improving interventions should focus on physical and psychological comfort and noise reduction in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals 1197 Utility of Fitbit Charge 2 for Sleep Monitoring in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A458-A458
Author(s):  
D Kim ◽  
W Shin ◽  
J Byun
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Abstract Introduction The wearable device may be useful in monitoring sleep. Many studies reported reliable data in detecting sleep-wake states and sleep stage proportion in healthy adults, However, only a few validation studies were performed evaluating sleep using the wearable devices in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), which showed insufficient accuracy. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of multi-sensory wristband (Fitbit Charge 2) in patients with OSA. Methods This was a preliminary analysis of a prospective single-center observational study. Consecutive patients underwent standard Polysomnography (PSG) for evaluation of OSA with Fitbit Charge 2. Sleep data from PSG and Fitbit charge 2 were compared using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots. Results A total of eighty-six patients were analyzed. Four of them had poor data quality, 18 of them did not show sleep stages. Compared with the PSG, Fitbit Charge 2 showed higher total sleep time (419.1±194.0 vs 269.8±22.6, p<0.001) and sleep efficiency (95.8±2.5 vs 84.6±7.1, p<0.001). Those with sleep stage data showed higher sleep efficacy (87.7±5.5 vs 82.37.5, p=0.024) and a lower proportion of N1 sleep (33.7±19.9 vs 65.3±38.8, p=0.01). Conclusion Fitbit Charge 2 showed limited utility in monitoring sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Support none

scholarly journals Extreme sports performance for more than a week with severely fractured sleep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus C. Netzer ◽  
Linda K. Rausch ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Arn H. Eliasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
World Record ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Purpose Severely fractured sleep is mostly portrayed negatively, but investigations in extreme sports show that humans can maintain performance with a minimum of sleep. With two cases of long-lasting extreme sports performances, we demonstrate that severely fragmented sleep does not necessarily lead to a deterioration of physical and cognitive performance. Methods We performed continuous polysomnography on a 34 year-old skier for 11 days and nights during a world record attempt in long-term downhill skiing and monitored a 32 year-old cyclist during the Race Across America for 8.5 days via sleep and activity logs. Results The skier slept fractured fashion in 15–16 naps with a daily average of 6 h consisting of 77% in sleep stage 1 and 2, 11% in stage 3, and 13% in stage REM. The cyclist slept a total of 7 h and 52 min in 8.5 days, split up into 11 short naps and 6 sleep periods. The average duration of napping was 8.8 min and of sleep 64.2 min. Conclusions These two cases demonstrate that outstanding performances are possible with severely fractured sleep and/or sleep deprivation. In well-trained athletes, breaking new recordsis possible despite extreme sleep habits.

Sleep-Related Deglutition in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminori Sato ◽  
Tadashi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage 1

Objectives: Clearance of the pharynx by deglutition is important in protecting the airway. The pattern of deglutition during sleep was investigated in children. Methods: Ten normal human children (8.6 ± 2.9 years) were examined via time-matched recordings of polysomnography and of surface electromyography (EMG) of the thyrohyoid and suprahyoid muscles. Results: During sleep, deglutition was episodic, and it was absent for long periods. The mean number of swallows per hour (±SD) during the total sleep time was 2.8 ± 1.7 per hour. The mean period of the longest absence of deglutition was 59.7 ± 20.3 minutes. Most deglutition occurred in association with spontaneous electroencephalographic arousal in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. Deglutition was related to sleep stage. The mean number of swallows per hour was 27.4 ± 27.4 during stage 1 sleep, 3.1 ± 3.5 during stage 2 sleep, 2.8 ± 3.3 during stage 3 sleep, and 0.9 ± 0.8 during stage 4 sleep. The deeper the sleep stage became, the lower the mean deglutition frequency became. The mean number of swallows per hour was 2.2 ± 2.1 during REM sleep. The EMG amplitude dropped to the lowest level of recording during REM sleep. Conclusions: Deglutition, a vital function, is infrequent during sleep in children.

scholarly journals The risks of sleep fragmentation on cognitive skills: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen de Souza Rangel ◽  
Julio Cezar Albuquerque da Costa ◽  
Ana Carolina Soares Marinho ◽  
Laís Rosa e Silva Oliveira Santos ◽  
Letícia Emanuelle de Almeida Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Prescription Stimulants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Background: The sleep fragmentation may conduct to breakdown in neutral networks, which tends to affect cognitive abilities or cognitive skills (CS) and bring notable deficits to the subject’s typical neuronal functioning. Objectives: Analyze the academic discussion of this theme and how this sleep deprivation can incapacitate the CS elemental to properly functioning circadian rhythm, as well as its multifactorial causes may be related to the subject’s complaint. Methods: To this article, it has been accomplished a systematic review on PubMed and Virtual Health Library database, using the descriptors “Sleep” and “ Cognitive abilities”, using articles from the last two years. Nine articles were used to guide this study. Results: It was possible to analyze that there are multifactorial complements related to sleep disturbance - neurodegenerative disorders, lack of sleep, prescription stimulants. The studies show that it is essential to elaborate a therapeutic plan, to define which CS is affected and what is going to be done about it, since the existing especifities may be present in neural correlates or in different CS, which makes indispensable the therapeutic plan. Conclusion: After all, it is indispensable the continuity of studies that research affected neural correlates in front of sleep deprivation, in order to understand sleep dysregulation for cognitive skills and provide an effective therapy for society, which permeates, consequently, a better quality of life.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sleep Characteristics in Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ok ◽  
H. Yilmaz ◽  
D. Tok ◽  
K. Erbüyün ◽  
S. Çoban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Icu Physicians

Healthcare workers’ cognitive performances and alertness are highly vulnerable to sleep loss and circadian rhythms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in sleep characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU physicians. Actigraphic sleep parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were evaluated for ICU and non-ICU physicians on the day before shift-work and on three consecutive days after shift-work. Total sleep time, sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, total activity score, movement fragmentation index, sleep efficiency, daytime naps and total nap duration were also calculated by actigraph. In the ICU physicians, the mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was significantly higher than the non-ICU physicians (P=0.001), however mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were not found significantly different between the two groups. None of the scores for objective sleep parameters were statistically different between the groups when evaluated before and after shift-work (P >0.05). However in both ICU and non-ICU physicians, sleep latency was observed to be decreased within the three consecutive-day period after shift-work with respect to basal values (P <0.001). Total sleep time, total activity score and sleep efficiency scores prior to shift-work were significantly different from shift-work and the three consecutive-days after shift-work, in both groups. Working in the ICU does not have an impact on objective sleep characteristics of physicians in this study. Large cohort studies are required to determine long-term health concerns of shift-working physicians.

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