SLEEP PATTERNS IN PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN: AN EEG-EOG STUDY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Ross ◽  
Harman W. Agnew ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
Wilse B. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Older Subjects

The typical all-night sleep pattern of the pre-adolescent male was determined by analyzing the simultaneous EEG-EOG tracings of 18 healthy schoolboys (range 8 to 11 years). The sleep patterns of these boys resembled that of older subjects by the occurrence of a more or less orderly sequence of sleep stages which spontaneously shifted from one stage to another. Stability of the pattern for a given boy was observed in the consistent amount of time spent in each sleep stage and in the number of sleep stage changes night after night. When compared with the adult sleep patterns, pre-adolescent total sleep time was 2½ hours longer with unequal distribution of the added time to each of the sleep stages. Sleep stages in children are longer in duration than in adults, and the sleep patterns are as stable as that of the adult.

scholarly journals 1197 Utility of Fitbit Charge 2 for Sleep Monitoring in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A458-A458
Author(s):  
D Kim ◽  
W Shin ◽  
J Byun
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Abstract Introduction The wearable device may be useful in monitoring sleep. Many studies reported reliable data in detecting sleep-wake states and sleep stage proportion in healthy adults, However, only a few validation studies were performed evaluating sleep using the wearable devices in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), which showed insufficient accuracy. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of multi-sensory wristband (Fitbit Charge 2) in patients with OSA. Methods This was a preliminary analysis of a prospective single-center observational study. Consecutive patients underwent standard Polysomnography (PSG) for evaluation of OSA with Fitbit Charge 2. Sleep data from PSG and Fitbit charge 2 were compared using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots. Results A total of eighty-six patients were analyzed. Four of them had poor data quality, 18 of them did not show sleep stages. Compared with the PSG, Fitbit Charge 2 showed higher total sleep time (419.1±194.0 vs 269.8±22.6, p<0.001) and sleep efficiency (95.8±2.5 vs 84.6±7.1, p<0.001). Those with sleep stage data showed higher sleep efficacy (87.7±5.5 vs 82.37.5, p=0.024) and a lower proportion of N1 sleep (33.7±19.9 vs 65.3±38.8, p=0.01). Conclusion Fitbit Charge 2 showed limited utility in monitoring sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Support none

scholarly journals Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Kilius ◽  
David R. Samson ◽  
Sheina Lew-Levy ◽  
Mallika S. Sarma ◽  
Ujas A. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
The Republic

AbstractSleep studies in small-scale subsistence societies have broadened our understanding of cross-cultural sleep patterns, revealing the flexibility of human sleep. We examined sleep biology among BaYaka foragers from the Republic of Congo who move between environmentally similar but socio-ecologically distinct locations to access seasonal resources. We analyzed the sleep–wake patterns of 51 individuals as they resided in a village location (n = 39) and a forest camp (n = 23) (362 nights total). Overall, BaYaka exhibited high sleep fragmentation (50.5) and short total sleep time (5.94 h), suggestive of segmented sleep patterns. Sleep duration did not differ between locations, although poorer sleep quality was exhibited in the village. Linear mixed effect models demonstrated that women’s sleep differed significantly from men’s in the forest, with longer total sleep time (β ± SE =  − 0.22 ± 0.09, confidence interval (CI) = [− 0.4, − 0.03]), and higher sleep quality (efficiency; β ± SE =  − 0.24 ± 0.09, CI = [− 0.42, − 0.05]). These findings may be due to gender-specific social and economic activities. Circadian rhythms were consistent between locations, with women exhibiting stronger circadian stability. We highlight the importance of considering intra-cultural variation in sleep–wake patterns when taking sleep research into the field.

251 Agreement and reliability of a new polysomnography sleep staging algorithm against multiple human scorers

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A101-A101
Author(s):  
Ulysses Magalang ◽  
Brendan Keenan ◽  
Bethany Staley ◽  
Peter Anderer ◽  
Marco Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Staging ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Scoring Algorithm ◽  
Scoring Algorithms ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Introduction Scoring algorithms have the potential to increase polysomnography (PSG) scoring efficiency while also ensuring consistency and reproducibility. We sought to validate an updated sleep staging algorithm (Somnolyzer; Philips, Monroeville PA USA) against manual sleep staging, by analyzing a dataset we have previously used to report sleep staging variability across nine center-members of the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC). Methods Fifteen PSGs collected at a single sleep clinic were scored independently by technologists at nine SAGIC centers located in six countries, and auto-scored with the algorithm. Each 30-second epoch was staged manually according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and performed a Bland-Altman analysis comparing the average manual- and auto-scored total sleep time (TST) and time in each sleep stage (N1, N2, N3, rapid eye movement [REM]). We hypothesized that the values from auto-scoring would show good agreement and reliability when compared to the average across manual scorers. Results The participants contributing to the original dataset had a mean (SD) age of 47 (12) years and 80% were male. Auto-scoring showed substantial (ICC=0.60-0.80) or almost perfect (ICC=0.80-1.00) reliability compared to manual-scoring average, with ICCs (95% confidence interval) of 0.976 (0.931, 0.992) for TST, 0.681 (0.291, 0.879) for time in N1, 0.685 (0.299, 0.881) for time in N2, 0.922 (0.791, 0.973) for time in N3, and 0.930 (0.811, 0.976) for time in REM. Similarly, Bland-Altman analyses showed good agreement between methods, with a mean difference (limits of agreement) of only 1.2 (-19.7, 22.0) minutes for TST, 13.0 (-18.2, 44.1) minutes for N1, -13.8 (-65.7, 38.1) minutes for N2, -0.33 (-26.1, 25.5) minutes for N3, and -1.2 (-25.9, 23.5) minutes for REM. Conclusion Results support high reliability and good agreement between the auto-scoring algorithm and average human scoring for measurements of sleep durations. Auto-scoring slightly overestimated N1 and underestimated N2, but results for TST, N3 and REM were nearly identical on average. Thus, the auto-scoring algorithm is acceptable for sleep staging when compared against human scorers. Support (if any) Philips.

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Environment on Students’ Daily Rhythms and Sleep Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Elena A. Piven ◽  
Nikolay P. Piven ◽  
Nikolay N. Bushuev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns

This article presents the results of a research of the sleep patterns of 200 students living in dormitories in Moscow. The average duration of night sleep in the surveyed group was 6h 37min. The proportion of students satisfied with the duration of night sleep was 36.5 %. Daily activity rhythms, in particular, the going to sleep and awakening time at the same time, are compiled by 47.5 % of the surveyed students. 86.5 % of students go to bed after midnight. The most late going to sleep time is observed among students of the 1st and 4th years. 37 % of students suffer from insomnia, which is most often caused by stress and work in extracurricular time. It was found that the best indicators of well-being and learning ability were observed at night sleep duration from 6 to 8 hours. When the duration of night sleep is less than 6 hours, there was a deterioration in the state of students’ health, wellbeing and learning ability. It was revealed that 92.2 % of students who fall ill three or more times a year have a night sleep duration of less than 6 hours.

Sleep Stage Deficits in Chronic Schizophrenia

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Traub
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Delta Sleep

Evidence for the importance of delta sleep is reviewed, and the hypothesis tested that marked deficits in these sleep stages are characteristic of chronic schizophrenics. The sleep patterns of 9 chronic schizophrenics were monitored for 8 consecutive nights by means of continuous all-night EEG, eye and chin-muscle recordings. The main finding was that all Ss showed dramatic and stable deficits in delta sleep stages 3 and 4. The role of factors other than chronic schizophrenia producing this finding is discussed.

Sleep and hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus spp): electrophysiological observations

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. R213-R221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Walker ◽  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
R. J. Berger ◽  
H. C. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram were recorded from ground squirrels (Citellus beldingi and C. lateralis) during the summer and also during the hibernation season. Summer recordings revealed that the animals spent an average of 66% of the 24-h period asleep (49% of the 12-h light period and 84% of the 12-h dark period); 19% of the total sleep time (TST) consisted of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and 81% of TST consisted of slow-wave sleep (SWS). Recordings obtained during the hibernation season showed that hibernation was entered through sleep, but the distribution of sleep states was different than in euthermic sleep. During the early entrance when brain temperature (Tbr) was between 35 and 25 degrees C, the animals were asleep 88% of the time, but only 10% of the TST was spent in REM sleep. The EEG amplitude declined with decreased Tbr so that classical sleep stages could not be identified below a Tbr of 25 degrees C. The frequency of the EEG increased as Tbr decreased; but activity in the 0–4 cycles/s band occupied the majority of the record even at a Tbr of 10 degrees C. Below a Tbr of 10 degrees C the EEG was isoelectric except for intermittent bursts of spindles. It was concluded from these and other results that the entrance into hibernation represents an extension of the thermoregulatory adjustments that occur during SWS.

Disorders of sleep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie West
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Typically, disorders of sleep cause disturbance either to the sufferer or to their bed partner. If total sleep time is reduced, this may lead to problems with excessive daytime sleepiness, which can affect work, driving, concentration, and relationships. ‘Sleepiness’ implies an intrusive desire to fall asleep, caused by some form of sleep deprivation or sedative drugs; this is different from ‘tiredness’, which implies general fatigue, lethargy, and exhaustion and is caused by a range of conditions, including depression, chronic disease, or a busy lifestyle. Adults sleep on average for 8 hours a night. Normal sleep consists of periods of deep or slow-wave sleep, interspersed with shorter periods of dreaming or rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Periods of REM sleep lengthen towards the morning and hence some people remember their dreams on waking. Different disorders of sleep can affect any of these sleep stages.

344 Daridorexant Improves Total Sleep Time (TST) in Insomnia Patients Without Altering the Proportion of Sleep Stages

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A137-A138
Author(s):  
Gary Zammit ◽  
David Mayleben ◽  
Ingo Fietze ◽  
Scott Pain ◽  
Dalma Seboek Kinter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Daridorexant, a new dual orexin receptor antagonist, improved sleep parameters and daytime functioning in two pivotal Phase 3 trials in patients with insomnia (Trial-1, NCT03545191; Trial-2, NCT03575104); polysomnography data were collected at multiple timepoints from >1,800 patients. We report the effects of daridorexant on TST and sleep stages from both trials. Methods Eligible patients with insomnia (according to DSM-5) were randomized (1:1:1) in Trial-1 (N=930) to daridorexant 25mg, 50mg, or placebo and in Trial-2 (N=924) to daridorexant 10mg, 25mg, or placebo. Oral treatment was administered each night during a 3-month double-blind treatment period. Assessment of TST and sleep stages (non-rapid eye movement [NREM, N]1, N2, N3, REM), measured by polysomnography in sleep laboratory, was performed on two consecutive nights during single-blind placebo run-in (baseline) and Months 1 and 3 (M1 and M3) of double-blind treatment. Change from baseline in TST and sleep stages were exploratory endpoints in both trials. Data for M3 (mean ± standard deviation) are presented as change from baseline. Results Daridorexant dose-dependently increased TST(minutes) from baseline to M3, more than placebo, in Trial-1 (25mg, 55±56; 50mg, 61±53; placebo, 40±56) and Trial-2 (10mg, 37±57; 25mg, 50±53; placebo, 35±56). In both trials, sleep stage proportions were preserved from baseline to M3, with no relevant changes in any group. Baseline time spent in each sleep stage (% of TST) was consistent across groups in both trials (range across treatment groups in both trials: N1:11–13; N2:55–57; N3:11–14; REM:19–20). In Trial-1 (25mg/50mg/placebo), the change from baseline to M3 in % of TST spent in N1(-0.3±4.7/-0.2±5/0.1±5), N2(2±8/1±7/1±7), N3(-2±6/-2±6/-2±6), and REM(1±6/1±5/1±5) was low and numerically similar across treatments. In Trial-2, the change from baseline to M3 in % of TST spent in each sleep stage was consistent with Trial-1, with no effect of dose. Mean changes from baseline (% of TST) for each sleep stage appeared to be independent from increasing TST. Data for 25mg were consistent between trials. Conclusion Daridorexant at any dose, and each more than placebo, increased TST in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the proportion of all sleep stages in patients with insomnia. Support (if any) Funded by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Extreme sleep fragmentation for 11 consecutive days and nights does not significantly alter total sleep time, and sleep stage distribution, during the continuous alpine downhill skiing world record

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Mirco Gindulis ◽  
Nikolaus C.r Netze ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Christian K.M. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
World Record ◽  
Stage Distribution ◽  
Downhill Skiing

Introduction: Extreme levels of sleep deprivation, fragmentation and management, are major problems in many sportive disciplines, ultramarathons, polar or extreme altitude expeditions, and in space operations. Material and methods: Polysomnographic (PSG) data was continuously recorded (total sleep time and sleep stage distribution) in a 34-year-old male whilst performing the new world record in long-term downhill skiing. He napped only during the short ski lift rides for 11 days and nights. Results: After an initial period of complete sleep deprivation for 24 hours, total sleep time and the total times of non-REM and REM achieved during the lift rides returned to standard values on the second day. PSG data revealed an average sleep time per 24 hours of 6 hours and 6 minutes. During daylight sleep was rarely registered. The subject experienced only two minor falls without injury and immediately resumed skiing. Conclusion: In a healthy, trained, elite male athlete, sleep fragmentation over 11 consecutive days did not significantly impair the sleep, motor or cognitive skills required to perform a continuous downhill skiing world record after an initial adaptation phase.

scholarly journals Sleep patterns in 1 to 36 month-old children

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Sambo ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
Partini Trihono
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Better understanding about sleep patterns inIndonesian children can contribute to basic knowledge foreducating parents and health providers about good sleephygiene.Objectives To find out sleep patterns in 1􀁊36 month􀁊oldchildren.Method A descriptive, cross􀁊sectional study was held in EastJakarta on May 2009. Subjects were 1 to 36 months old childrenwho came \\lith their parents or primary caregivers. Data collectionwas performed using modified Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire(BISQ), consisted of subjects' characteristics, sleep patterns, sleepproblems, and associating factors.Results Among 147 children, sleep problems were identified in33.3% of them. Bedtime was mostly at 8 p.m., wake up time was5 a.m. Median time needed to fall asleep was 20 minutes. Averagefrequency of night waking was twice during one night. Mediannight waking duration was 15 minutes. Median sleep duration atnight was 9 hours 20 minutes, and median nap duration was 2hours 20 minutes. Median total sleep time was 12 hours. Pronesleeping position was significantly associated \\lith sleep problems(p􀁋0.036, RR􀁋1.67, 95%CI􀁋1.66-2.64).Conclusions Prevalence of sleep problem is 33.3%, \\lith awakeningat night was being the most occurring problem. Prone sleepingposition is associated \\lith sleep problems. [Paediatr Indones.2010;50:170-5].

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