scholarly journals Med Gutenberg på internettet

1970 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Arno Victor Nielsen

With Gutenberg on Internet The paper comments on the development of verbal communication from oralicy, through written and princed text up to the age of the computer. The importance of Marshall McLuhan is underlined for his insistence on the potential new freedom from the rigid linearicy of the text which modern media have offered.

Author(s):  
Юлия Дмитриевна Артамонова ◽  
Сергей Владимирович Володенков

Концепт «медиатизация» фиксирует принципиальные изменения в обществе, произошедшие благодаря развитию современных медиа. Этот концепт активно и широко используется в современных исследованиях; однако концептуализация процессов медиатизации происходит в разных направлениях и различна в разных странах. Между тем уточнение содержания данного концепта и исследовательских допущений, связанных с его употреблением, является важной и самостоятельной задачей. В статье анализируются появление и исходные идеи данного концепта: идея особой медиалогики, как она понималась Д. Элтейдом, идея форматирования, опирающаяся на концепцию медиума как ключа к сообщению последователей М. Маклюэна. Выявлены и представлены проблемные моменты этой концептуализации, связанные, с одной стороны, с тем, что сложные формы анализируются как простые, что приводит к неверным аналогиям; с другой – с пониманием медиума вне необходимых для его функционирования материальных и организационных условий. В то же время показывается, что ряд критических аргументов в адрес данных концепций, связанных, например, с игнорированием этического измерения и осознанности сообщения в модели Маклюэна, неправомерны. Представлены основные взгляды на датировку процессов медиатизации. Выделяются ключевые посылки введения концепта «медиатизация», связанные с разделением собственно действительности и конструктов этой действительности, а также отсутствием единой логики формирования различных медиатизированных социальных миров. Показывается направление дальнейшей эволюции исследований, использующих данный концепт, – оно связано с идеями различных медиалогик, а не единой медиалогики и представлено тремя основными подходами: стратегией понимания медиа как института, под действием которого трансформируется логика других игроков; стратегией анализа «медиатизированных социальных миров», базирующейся на идеях семиотики, постструктуралистских подходах к анализу дискурса, а также различных интерпретациях социальных миров; «технологической» стратегией, демонстрирующей связь «грамматики медиа» и трансформации мыслительных привычек. The concept “mediatization” captures fundamental changes in society due to the development of modern media. It is actively and widely used in modern research, but the conceptualization of mediatization processes takes different directions and differs in different countries. Meanwhile, clarifying the content of this concept and the research assumptions associated with its use is an important and independent task. The article analyzes the appearance and initial ideas of this concept: the idea of a special media logic, as it was understood by David Altheide, the idea of formatting based on the concept of the medium as the key to the message developed by the followers of Marshall McLuhan. The problematic aspects of this conceptualization are identified and presented. On the one hand, complex forms are analyzed as simple, which leads to incorrect analogies; on the other, they are related to the understanding of the medium outside of the material and organizational conditions necessary for its functioning. At the same time, it is shown that a number of critical arguments against these concepts related, for example, to ignoring the ethical dimension and the awareness of the message in the McLuhan model are invalid. The main views on the dating of mediatization processes are presented. The key premises of the introduction of the “mediatization” concept are identified; they are connected with the separation of reality itself and constructs of this reality, as well as the lack of a single logic for the formation of various mediatized social worlds. The direction of further evolution of studies using this concept is shown. It is associated with ideas of different media logics, not a single media logic, and is represented by three main approaches: (1) a strategy of understanding media as an institution whose influence transforms other actors’ logic; (2) a strategy of analyzing “mediatized social worlds” that is based on the ideas of semiotics, poststructuralist approaches to discourse analysis, and different interpretations of social worlds; (3) a “technological” strategy that demonstrates the connection between “media grammar” and the transformation of thinking habits.


Author(s):  
Adam Hammond

Born Herbert Marshall McLuhan in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Marshall McLuhan was a literary critic, communications theorist, public intellectual, and the father of modern media studies. McLuhan rose to international fame as a ‘media guru’ in the 1960s when works like The Gutenberg Galaxy (1962), Understanding Media (1964), and The Medium is the Massage (1967) became best sellers. His dictum, ‘the medium is the message’ — which packages McLuhan’s notion that humans and human society are more profoundly affected by the formal properties of the media through which they communicate than by the specific content transmitted — became widely known, if not widely understood, during this period. Though his public and academic influence waned in the last decade of his life, interest in McLuhan’s ideas was revived with the expansion and popularization of the internet. Among the many thinkers he has influenced are Neil Postman, Jean Beaudrillard, and Friedrich Kittler.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Lynn Kern Koegel ◽  
Katherine M. Bryan ◽  
Pumpki Lei Su ◽  
Mohini Vaidya ◽  
Stephen Camarata

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.


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