Bringing Female Spectacle to the “Western Country,” 1835–1840

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-146
Author(s):  
Sara E. Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Western Country ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
English Opera

This chapter connects the growth of the American starring system in the 1830s to the expansion of trans-Appalachian markets and the popularization of new female-centered repertoire from Europe. The national reach of “big stars” like Ellen Tree and Celeste Elliott created the context in which women and girls pursued starring careers by introducing new breeches roles in melodramas and English opera and dance featuring female spectacle. The case study of St. Louis, Missouri, demonstrates how western theaters depended upon recruiting stars even as managers and critics remained ambivalent about some of this new entertainment. Although they did not always enjoy professional autonomy, starring women ensured the economic viability of western theater while using these markets to expand their repertoire and renown.

scholarly journals Professionalism, Payment by Results and the Probation Service: A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Marketisation on Professional Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110038
Author(s):  
Matt Tidmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Office ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

This article utilises Foucauldian understandings of the sociology of the professions to explore how marketising reforms to probation services in England and Wales, and the implementation of a ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) mechanism in particular, have impacted professional autonomy. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a probation office within a privately owned Community Rehabilitation Company, it argues that an inability to control the socio-economic organisation of probation work has rendered the service susceptible to challenges to autonomy over technique. PbR was proffered as a means to restore practitioner discretion; however, the article demonstrates that probation staff have been compelled to economise their autonomy, adapting their conduct to conform to market-related forms of accountability. In this sense, it presents the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation as a case study of the impact of marketisation on the autonomy of practitioners working within a public sector profession.

Performance Evaluation of a Solar Water Heating System for Industrial Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Keh Chin Chang ◽  
Wei Min Lin ◽  
Yi Mei Liu ◽  
Tsong Sheng Lee ◽  
Kung Ming Chung
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Heating System

The total area of solar collectors installed in Taiwan had exceeded 2 million square meters by the end of 2010. However, there were only 98 systems in operation with area of solar collectors installed exceeding 100 square meters from 2001 to 2010. To increase industrial awareness of solar water heating technologies, a nursery greenhouse was chosen as the case study to evaluate its thermal performance throughout the months of May 2010 to April 2011. The results showed that the solar energy collected and heat loss during the night hours would affect the thermal efficiency, economic viability and attractiveness of a SWH. This study would provide useful information for all parties related to this market, manufacturers, potential users and policy-makers.

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and gendered math teaching in Kuwait

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Ahmad ◽  
Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Math Teaching ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics And Science

This paper argues for a more complex literature around gender and math performance. In order to argue for this complexity, we present a small portion of data from a case study examining the performance of Kuwaiti students on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and on Kuwait national math tests. Westernized discourses suggest that girls have a harder time in math classes; these discourses frame and are reified by prominent literature and practices within the field of math education research that suggest that women and girls need help in order to reach their potential in math. These Westernized discourses stand in contrast to the discourses in Kuwait that normalize women and girls as outperforming boys in all subjects – including all science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects. As our study shows, the reality is more complex. And, while the reality is more complex, we yet lack the discourses to understand this complexity.

scholarly journals Cosplay on Demand? Instagram, OnlyFans, and the Gendered Fantrepreneur

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512110423
Author(s):  
Lauren Rouse ◽  
Anastasia Salter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Viability ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Favorite Television

Fan producers engaged in monetization, or what Suzanne Scott has termed “fantrepreneurs,” struggle with legal mechanisms for brand-building given the limitations of both copyright and platform moderation. These challenges have been amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has fundamentally changed the way that cosplayers, or fans who dress up as characters from their favorite television shows or movies, market themselves in an increasingly online space, as opposed to their initial public platforms of conventions. Restricted by digital platforms and their various moderation and monetization methods, cosplayer fantrepreneurs have developed new, multi-platform methods for sustaining their content and community connection. One prominent platform significant to this turn is OnlyFans, which is billed as a “peer-to-peer subscription app,” and allows users to “Sign up and interact with your fans!” Through a sample analysis of 50 cosplayers, this case study considers the approaches of cosplayers on integrating OnlyFans as part of a multiplatform struggle for economic viability. When we contextualize this platform labor in the history of cosplay, we note the hypersexualized labor that has always been central to monetization in this space, and the media franchise exploitation that profits from that labor at the expense of the fan producer, demonstrating the fundamental, gendered exploitation of the trend toward a patronage economy.

To Protect and Responsibilize: The Discursive Explosion of Combining Youth Sexuality, Human Trafficking, and Online Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-83
Author(s):  
Katrin Roots ◽  
Emily Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Victim Vulnerability

The emergence of social media and digital technologies has resulted in new protectionist laws, policies, and mandates aimed at regulating the sexual behaviour of women and girls in online spaces. These neoliberal responsiblization strategies are aimed at shaping good, young digital citizens and have become further amplified through increased concerns about domestic human trafficking and victim vulnerability. This protectionism, however, is not always reflected in courtroom proceedings, revealing a tension between the protection and responsiblization of victims of trafficking in Canada. Using R v Oliver-Machado (2013) as a case study, we examine the ways in which the defence counsel’s reliance on commonplace defence tactics used in sexual assault cases responsibilize the young complainants in an attempt to discredit their victimhood and reconstruct them as online sexual risk takers.

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