scholarly journals A statistical approach to coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea based on the analysis of satellite data for 1990–2009

Oceanologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lehmann ◽  
Kai Myrberg ◽  
Katharina Höflich
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Chlorophyll-a Variability during Upwelling Events in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon from Satellite Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Toma Dabuleviciene ◽  
Diana Vaiciute ◽  
Igor E. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Based on the analysis of multispectral satellite data, this work demonstrates the influence of coastal upwelling on the variability of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the south-eastern Baltic (SEB) Sea and in the Curonian Lagoon. The analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua/Terra satellites, together with Chl-a maps from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) onboard Envisat, shows a significant decrease of up to 40–50% in Chl-a concentration in the upwelling zone. This results from the offshore Ekman transport of more productive surface waters, which are replaced by cold and less-productive waters from deeper layers. Due to an active interaction between the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon which are connected through the Klaipeda Strait, coastal upwelling in the SEB also influences the hydrobiological conditions of the adjacent lagoon. During upwelling inflows, SST drops by approximately 2–8 °C, while Chl-a concentration becomes 2–4 times lower than in pre-upwelling conditions. The joint analysis of remotely sensed Chl-a and SST data reveals that the upwelling-driven reduction in Chl-a concentration leads to the temporary improvement of water quality in terms of Chl-a in the coastal zone and in the hyper-eutrophic Curonian Lagoon. This study demonstrates the benefits of multi-spectral satellite data for upscaling coastal processes and monitoring the environmental status of the Baltic Sea and its largest estuarine lagoon.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Coastal Upwelling in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea: Statistical Properties and Implications for the Coastal Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toma Dabuleviciene ◽  
Igor E. Kozlov ◽  
Diana Vaiciute ◽  
Inga Dailidiene
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
The South ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

A detailed study of wind-induced coastal upwelling (CU) in the south-eastern Baltic Sea is presented based on an analysis of multi-mission satellite data. Analysis of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea surface temperature (SST) maps acquired between April and September of 2000–2015 allowed for the identification of 69 CU events. The Ekman-based upwelling index (UI) was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the satellite measurements for upwelling detection. It was found that satellite data enable the identification of 87% of UI-based upwelling events during May–August, hence, serving as an effective tool for CU detection in the Baltic Sea under relatively cloud-free summer conditions. It was also shown that upwelling-induced SST drops, and its spatial properties are larger than previously registered. During extreme upwelling events, an SST drop might reach 14 °C, covering a total area of nearly 16,000 km2. The evolution of an upwelling front during such intensive events is accompanied by the generation of transverse filaments extending up to 70 km offshore. An analysis of the satellite optical data shows a clear decline in the chlorophyll-a concentration in the coastal zone and in the shallow Curonian Lagoon, where it drops down by an order of magnitude. It was also shown that a cold upwelling front alters the stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer, leading to a sudden drop of air temperature and near-surface winds.

scholarly journals The Use of Satellite Data in the Operational 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea (3D Cembs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Nowicki ◽  
Maciej Janecki ◽  
Mirosław Darecki ◽  
Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present an automatic monitoring system for the 3D CEMBS model in the operational version. This predictive, eco hydrodynamic model is used as a tool to control the conditions and bio productivity of the Baltic sea environment and to forecast physical and ecological changes in the studied basin. Satellite-measured data assimilation is used to constrain the model and achieve higher accuracy of its results. 3D CEMBS is a version of the Community Earth System Model, adapted for the Baltic Sea. It consists of coupled ocean and ice models, working in active mode together with the ecosystem module. Atmospheric forecast from the UM model (Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of the Warsaw University) are used as a forcing fields feed through atmospheric data model. In addition, river inflow of freshwater and nutrient deposition from 71 main rivers is processed by land model. At present, satellite data from AQUA MODIS, processed by the SatBałtyk project Operational System are used for the assimilation of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. In the operational mode, 48-hour forecasts are produced at six-hour intervals, providing a wide range of hydrodynamic and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Characterization of OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> over the Baltic Sea region

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2021-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ialongo ◽  
J. Hakkarainen ◽  
N. Hyttinen ◽  
J.-P. Jalkanen ◽  
L. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The City

Abstract. Satellite-based data are very important for air quality applications in the Baltic Sea area, because they provide information on air pollution over sea and there where ground-based network and aircraft measurements are not available. Both the emissions from urban sites over land and ships over sea, contribute to the tropospheric NO2 levels. The tropospheric NO2 monitoring at high latitudes using satellite data is challenging because of the reduced light hours in winter and the snow-covered surface, which make the retrieval complex, and because of the reduced signal due to low Sun. This work presents a detailed characterization of the tropospheric NO2 columns focused on part of the Baltic Sea region using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 standard product. Previous works have focused on larger seas and lower latitudes. The results showed that, despite the regional area of interest, it is possible to distinguish the signal from the main coastal cities and from the ships by averaging the data over a seasonal time range. The summertime NO2 emission and lifetime values (E = (1.0 ± 0.1) × 1028 molec. and τ = (3.0 ± 0.5) h, respectively) in Helsinki were estimated from the decay of the signal with distance from the city center. The method developed for megacities was successfully applied to a smaller scale source, in both size and intensity (i.e., the city of Helsinki), which is located at high latitudes (∼60° N). The same methodology could be applied to similar scale cities elsewhere, as far as they are relatively isolated from other sources. The transport by the wind plays an important role in the Baltic Sea area. The NO2 spatial distribution is mainly determined by the contribution of strong westerly winds, which dominate the wind patterns during summer. The comparison between the emissions from model calculations and OMI NO2 tropospheric columns confirmed the applicability of satellite data for ship emission monitoring. In particular, both the emission data and the OMI observations showed similar year-to-year variability, with a drop in year 2009, corresponding to the effect of the economical crisis.

scholarly journals Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2679-2709
Author(s):  
Erik Jacobs ◽  
Henry C. Bittig ◽  
Ulf Gräwe ◽  
Carolyn A. Graves ◽  
Michael Glockzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Autonomous measurements aboard ships of opportunity (SOOP) provide in situ data sets with high spatial and temporal coverage. In this study, we use 8 years of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) observations from SOOP Finnmaid to study the influence of upwelling on trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea. Between spring and autumn, coastal upwelling transports water masses enriched with CO2 and CH4 to the surface of the Baltic Sea. We study the seasonality, regional distribution, relaxation, and interannual variability in this process. We use reanalysed wind and modelled sea surface temperature (SST) data in a newly established statistical upwelling detection method to identify major upwelling areas and time periods. Large upwelling-induced SST decrease and trace gas concentration increase are most frequently detected around August after a long period of thermal stratification, i.e. limited exchange between surface and underlying waters. We found that these upwelling events with large SST excursions shape local trace gas dynamics and often lead to near-linear relationships between increasing trace gas levels and decreasing temperature. Upwelling relaxation is mainly driven by mixing, modulated by air–sea gas exchange, and possibly primary production. Subsequent warming through air–sea heat exchange has the potential to enhance trace gas saturation. In 2015, quasi-continuous upwelling over several months led to weak summer stratification, which directly impacted the observed trace gas and SST dynamics in several upwelling-prone areas. Trend analysis is still prevented by the observed high variability, uncertainties from data coverage, and long water residence times of 10–30 years. We introduce an extrapolation method based on trace gas–SST relationships that allows us to estimate upwelling-induced trace gas fluxes in upwelling-affected regions. In general, the surface water reverses from CO2 sink to source, and CH4 outgassing is intensified as a consequence of upwelling. We conclude that SOOP data, especially when combined with other data sets, enable flux quantification and process studies addressing the process of upwelling on large spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals Using satellite data to estimate partial pressure of CO2in the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Parard ◽  
Anastase Alexandre Charantonis ◽  
Anna Rutgersson
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals A Statistical Approach to Extreme Ice Loads on Lighthouse Norstro¨msgrund

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Fransson ◽  
Jan-Eric Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ice Load ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Ice Pressure

Data from full-scale measurements of ice loads on lighthouse Norstro¨msgrund has been analyzed using basic statistical methods. Questions like scaling, duration of ice interaction and correlation of extreme ice loads on different segments of the structure are discussed. Typical ice conditions in the Baltic Sea are described in general and the region is divided into areas with similar ice and ice movements. Indications of strong influence of structure diameter on the effective ice pressure were confirmed by results obtained on other lighthouses in the area. The result can be used in simulations of ice load probabilities for fixed vertical structures with small diameters located in the Baltic Sea.

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