Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method

Abstract A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) recommendations for 11–150 kg PIC pigs housed under commercial conditions. Data from 29 trials dating from 2013 to 2020 utilizing 48,338 pigs were recorded in a database. Number of pens/treatment and pigs/trial ranged from 9 to 16 and 12 to 25, respectively. Sire lines were PIC 337 in 25 trials, PIC 327 in 3 trials, and PIC TR4 and 327 in 1 trial. Dam lines were PIC Camborough in 18 trials and PIC Camborough 29 in 9 trials. The SID Lys to calorie ratio curves were built for both metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) systems using the feed ingredient composition in NRC (2012) for energy levels. The response variables average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) were analyzed using generalized linear and non-linear mixed models with heterogeneous variance (Gonçalves et al., 2016). Each treatment mean within a trial (n = 288) was considered the experimental unit and each trial was used as a random effect. The models were developed for mixed gender pigs and the PIC 337 growth curves were used to estimate the recommendations for barrows and gilts. There was no evidence for an interaction between sire lines or dam lines and treatment (P > 0.10). The SID Lys to calorie recommendations are based on the average for ADG and G:F (Table 1). At these levels, approximately 100% of maximum ADG and 99.4% of maximum G:F are achieved. The NE to ME ratio that results in a similar SID Lys recommendation as a percentage of the diet ranged from approximately 0.72 to 0.74. The updated biological requirements for PIC pigs remained similar compared to previous PIC recommendations (Gonçalves et al., 2017). However, the requirement estimates have been adjusted for late nursery and late finishing phases.

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Productive aspects of pigs fed forage cactus silage associated with feed restriction

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v48i4.12 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 705-716

Author(s):

G.M. Araújo ◽

T.D.D. Martins ◽

P.E.N. Givisiez ◽

L.A.F. Pascoal ◽

R.S. Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Glycogen ◽

Duodenal Mucosa ◽

Glycogen Storage ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Final Weight ◽

Performance Trial

This study aimed to evaluate the use of silage of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) in diets for finishing pigs. Two experiments were conducted: the first for digestibility and the second for performance. In the performance trial, the quantitative levels of feed restriction (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated, which were associated with the supply of forage cactus silage. Forage cactus silage presented 2463.59 and 2456 kcal/kg of digestible and metabolizable energy, respectively. The feed restriction levels associated with the supply of forage cactus silage influenced feed intake, weight gain and final weight negatively, but did not affect feed conversion. Carcass absolute weight was influenced negatively. However, the yield of carcass and cuts and the amount of meat in the carcass were not influenced. With the increase in feed restriction, there was a decrease in duodenal mucosa thickness, intestinal glands, liver glycogen storage and the occurrence of inflammation in the submucosa and intestinal mucosa. Forage cactus silage is not accepted well by animals. The restriction up to 30% of balanced feed did not affect feed conversion, yield of carcass and cuts and economic viability. However, levels over 10% affected intestinal health.Keywords: Alternative feed, feed preservation, intestinal health, Opuntia ficus-indica Mill, pig nutrition

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304 Effect of particle size of soy protein concentrate on amino acid digestibility and concentration of metabolizable energy and effects of soy protein concentrate on growth performance of weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasmw.2017.304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 148-148

Author(s):

G. A. Casas ◽

C. Huang ◽

H. H. Stein

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Soy Protein Concentrate ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Effect Of Particle Size

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Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402014000100018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 221-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽

Ivan Moreira ◽

Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽

Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽

Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Performance Results

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.

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Digestible and metabolizable energy of crude glycerin for finishing pigs

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v37i1.24601 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hebert Silveira ◽

Letícia Mendonça Rodrigues ◽

Leticia Gomes de Morais Amaral ◽

Luís Gustavo dos Santos Cerqueira ◽

Renato Philomeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Finishing Pigs

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Determination and Prediction of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy from the Chemical Composition of Chinese Corn Gluten Feed Fed to Finishing Pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2013.13669 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 871-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. T. Wang ◽

D. W. Liu ◽

C. F. Huang ◽

L. Liu ◽

X. S. Piao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Corn Gluten ◽

Corn Gluten Feed ◽

Gluten Feed

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EFFECT OF PELLET CONTAINING CASSAVA LEAVES MEAL AT VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZE ON BROILER

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v14i1.28816 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

R. Noviadi Noviadi ◽

A. A. Candra

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Production Performance ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Randomized Design

The addition of cassava leaves meal (CLM) in broiler rations in the form of pellets require specific and uniform size because it will determine the characteristics of the material, especially the particle size plays an important role during the process of making ration (mixing and pelleting process). Research has been conducted from March to October 2013 in the Laboratory of the Department of Animal Husbandry. The study aims to look at the characteristics of the pellet that containing cassava leaves meal by using a variety of screen sizes as well as its influence on metabolizable energy, nutrient digestibility, histology of the digestive tract and broiler performance. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD), with three treatments and seven replicates and each experimental unit consisted of nine broilers. The treatment applied is T1 = CLM milled using screen of 2 mm, T2 = CLM milled using screen of 3 mm, and T3 = CLM milled using screen of 5 mm. Observations included physical characteristics of the pellets, nutrients digestibility, metabolizable energy, histology of ileum and broiler production performance. The data obtained were tested by analysis of variance and a further test usingDuncan's multiple range test. The results showed that CLM milled using 2 mm screen to produce a compact pellet characteristics and performance of broiler production is better than the screen size 3 and 5 mm and the pellet with CLM milled using a screen 2, 3, and 5 mm produce normal ileal tissue in broiler.

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