scholarly journals Evaluation of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle adapted or not adapted to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cuellar Orlandi Cassiano ◽  
Flavio Perna Junior ◽  
Tarley Araújo Barros ◽  
Carolina Tobias Marino ◽  
Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Rumen Acidosis

Objective: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against <i>Streptococcus bovis</i> and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet.Methods: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly.Results: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of <i>Entodinium</i> protozoa but copy numbers of <i>Streptococcus bovis</i> and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals.Conclusion: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

scholarly journals 416 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin increase mean ruminal pH and reduce rectal temperature of beef steers during transition from forage to high-grain diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Gleise M Silva ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Erick R S Santos ◽  
Tessa M Schulmeister ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Antibody Preparations

Abstract This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on dry matter intake (DMI), mean ruminal pH (pH), and rectal temperature (RT) of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred beef steers (658 ± 79 kg of BW) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to be transitioned from a diet containing bermudagrass hay [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] ad libitum plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with 0 (CON) or 3 g of PAP (PAP) to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 80% of the diet DM for STEP1, STEP2, and STEP3, respectively). On each transition d and 7 d after STEP3 (STEP3-7d), ruminal pH and RT were measured every 3 h for 24 h and feed intake was recorded daily throughout the study using the GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system. Feed intake was not influenced by PAP on transition days (P ≥ 0.44) or during the wk each transition diet was offered (P ≥ 0.57). However, DMI linearly decreased, whereas RT increased from STEP1 to STEP3 (P &lt; 0.01). Steers receiving PAP in STEP2 had reduced RT (P = 0.05). Additionally, steers receiving PAP on STEP3 had greater ruminal pH (P = 0.03), nevertheless, pH was similar between treatments in STEP3-7d (P = 0.39). Feeding 3 g of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a 21-d step-up adaptation to high-grain diets may stabilize ruminal pH and reduce rectal temperature of beef steers. Future studies should characterize the effects of PAP on immune response to elucidate potential modes of action of these feed additives.

scholarly journals 116 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin improves growth performance of beef cattle during the first fourteen days of the backgrounding phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Tessa Schulmeister ◽  
Ana C G Luna ◽  
Gonzalo Barreneche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Antibody Preparations

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on growth performance of beef cattle during the backgrounding phase. From d 0 to 56, Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 80; 360 ± 60 kg of BW; 470 ± 26 d of age) and steers (n = 20; 386 ± 65 kg of BW; 465 ± 30 d of age) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 16 concrete-floored pens (108 m2), equipped with 2 GrowSafe (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) feed bunks each. Animals received a common ad libitum diet (76% TDN, 15.9% CP, DM basis) with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g (CON) of PAP per d. Feed intake was recorded daily and BW were obtained on d -1, 0, 14, 28, 42, 55, and 56, to assess changes in BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F. Based upon orthogonal contrasts (CON vs. PAP1, and PAP1 vs. PAP3), BW and ADG on d 14, and DMI from 0 to 28, and 0 to 42 were greater for PAP1 vs. CON (P ≤ 0.03), whereas PAP3 animals were intermediate (P ≥ 0.20). No differences in final BW, DMI, and ADG from d 0 to 56 were detected among treatments (P ≥ 0.22). In conclusion, feeding 1g of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a backgrounding diet, improved growth performance in the first 14 d of feeding suggesting that feeding these PAP for longer than 14 d may not be necessary. The effects on subsequent feedlot performance when using PAP should be evaluated in future studies

scholarly journals 124 Polyclonal Antibody Preparations from Avian Origin Increased Fiber Digestibility of Beef Cattle Receiving a Backgrounding Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Tessa M Schulmeister ◽  
Federico Tarnonsky ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Mariana Eloisa Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on plasmatic haptoglobin and glucose concentrations (Exp. 1), and apparent total tract digestibility (Exp. 2) of beef cattle consuming a backgrounding diet. In Exp. 1, Angus crossbreed heifers and steers (n = 90; 373 ± 62 kg BW) were randomly assigned to receive a common ad libitum diet (76% TDN, 15.9% CP, DM basis) with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g (CON) of PAP daily. Plasmatic concentrations of glucose and haptoglobin were measured on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. In Exp. 2, 25 Angus crossbreed steers (390 ± 65 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design. Steers were housed in 3 pens to receive the same diet and treatments from Exp. 1. Feed intake was measured using GrowSafe feed bunks, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber was used as the internal marker. In Exp. 1, a day effect was detected for plasmatic haptoglobin and glucose concentrations (P ≤ 0.04). In Exp. 2, no difference in DMI was observed (P = 0.88). Dry matter, organic matter, and acid detergent fiber digestibility in the total tract were reduced (P ≤ 0.05), whereas CP digestibility tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.07) in steers receiving PAP3 vs. CON and PAP1. Apparent total tract starch digestibility was increased (P ≤ 0.02) for PAP1 vs. PAP3. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for PAP1 vs. CON and PAP3. Feeding 1 g/d of a PAP against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides increased fiber digestibility in backgrounding diets; however, further research is needed to understand the impaired responses on nutrient digestibility when greater doses are provided.

scholarly journals 20 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin improves growth performance of beef cattle during the first fourteen days of the backgrounding phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Tessa Schulmeister ◽  
Ana C G Luna ◽  
Gonzalo Barreneche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Antibody Preparations

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on growth performance of beef cattle during the backgrounding phase. From d 0 to 56, Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 80; 360 ± 60 kg of BW; 470 ± 26 d of age) and steers (n = 20; 386 ± 65 kg of BW; 465 ± 30 d of age) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 16 concrete-floored pens (108 m2), equipped with 2 GrowSafe (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) feed bunks each. Animals received a common ad libitum diet (76% TDN, 15.9% CP, DM basis) with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g (CON) of PAP per d. Feed intake was recorded daily and BW were obtained on d -1, 0, 14, 28, 42, 55, and 56, to assess changes in BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F. Based upon orthogonal contrasts (CON vs. PAP1, and PAP1 vs. PAP3), BW and ADG on d 14, and DMI from 0 to 28, and 0 to 42 were greater for PAP1 vs. CON (P ≤ 0.03), whereas PAP3 animals were intermediate (P ≥ 0.20). No differences in final BW, DMI, and ADG from d 0 to 56 were detected among treatments (P ≥ 0.22). In conclusion, feeding 1g of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a backgrounding diet, improved growth performance in the first 14 d of feeding suggesting that feeding these PAP for longer than 14 d may not be necessary. The effects on subsequent feedlot performance when using PAP should be evaluated in future studies

scholarly journals 123 Polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin did not reduce plasmatic haptoglobin concentrations but increased ruminal NH3-N in beef steers during transition from forage to high-grain diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Tessa M Schulmeister ◽  
Erick Rodrigo Silva Santos ◽  
Carla Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Antibody Preparations

Abstract This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on plasmatic haptoglobin, ruminal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred beef steers (658 ± 79 kg BW) were randomly assigned to treatments in a crossover design to be transitioned from a diet containing bermudagrass hay [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with 0 (CON) or 3 g/d of PAP (PAP) to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 80% diet DM for STEP1, STEP2, and STEP3, respectively). On each transition d and 7 d after STEP3 (STEP3-7d), ruminal fluid samples were obtained every 3 h for 24 h. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, and 3 relative to each transition for haptoglobin determinations. Haptoglobin plasmatic concentrations increased (P = 0.03) on d 2 and 3 vs. d 1 during STEP2 and on STEP3 compared to STEP1 and STEP2 (P = 0.01). Steers receiving PAP had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal NH3-N concentration in STEP1; however, there were no effects of treatment on SCFA (P &gt; 0.10). Total SCFA concentrations were affected by the step-up diets (P &lt; 0.01); propionate concentration (Pro) was greater in STEP2 through STEP3-7d vs. STEP1 (P &lt; 0.01), whereas acetate concentration (Ac) and Ac:Pro linearly decreased from STEP1 to STEP3-7d (P &lt; 0.01). Feeding 3 g/d of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides in a 21-d step-up adaptation to high-grain diets did not affect plasmatic haptoglobin or ruminal SCFA concentrations; however, it increased ruminal NH3-3 concentrations.

scholarly journals Rumen microbial diversity under influence of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactate-producing and proteolytic bacteria in cows fed different energy sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Guimarães Otero ◽  
Carolina Tobias Marino ◽  
Cristine Chaves Barreto ◽  
Vivian Helena Pellizari ◽  
Danilo Domingues Millen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Nine ruminally cannulated cows fed different energy sources were used to evaluate an avianderived polyclonal antibody preparation against specific ruminal bacteria and monensin on microbial community diversity. The experimental design was three Latin squares 3 x 3 distinguished by the main energy source in the diet [dry-ground corn grain, high moisture corn silage or citrus pulp]. Inside each Latin square, animals received one of the feed additives per period [control, monensin or polyclonal antibody preparation]. Each period lasted 21 days where 20 were used for treatments adaptation and the last one for sampling collection. Microbial diversity was evaluated by protozoa counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Polyclonal antibodies plus citrus pulp (CiPu) addition in the diet resulted in an increase of relative counting of Isotricha protozoa that indicates a possible effect on this ruminal ciliate population. In general lines, in the present experiment, it was not possible to assign that there was a pattern in the structures of amplification of Bacteria and Archaea communities of the ruminal content. Oral passive immunization is a technology that arises as an effective alternative for feed additive production. Further research is still necessary to better understand its mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Effects of Glucose and Starch on Lactate Production by Newly Isolated Streptococcus bovis S1 from Saanen Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (19) ◽  
pp. 5982-5989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianmin Chen ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Hongrong Wang ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
Yizhao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rumen Acidosis

ABSTRACTWhen ruminants are fed high-concentrate diets,Streptococcus bovisproliferates rapidly and produces lactate, potentially causing rumen acidosis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the metabolism of this species might help in developing dietary strategies to alleviate rumen acidosis.S. bovisstrain S1 was newly isolated from the ruminal fluid of Saanen dairy goats and then used to examine the effects of glucose and starch on bacterial metabolism and gene regulation of the organic acid-producing pathway in cultures at a pH of 6.5. Glucose or starch was added to the culture medium at 1 g/liter, 3 g/liter (close to a normal range in the rumen fluid), or 9 g/liter (excessive level). Lactate was the dominant acid produced during the fermentation, and levels increased with the amount of glucose or starch in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.001). The production of formate and acetate in the fermentation media fluctuated slightly with the dose but accounted for small fractions of the total acids. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and α-amylase (α-AMY) increased with the starch dose (P< 0.05), but the α-AMY activity did not change with the glucose dose. The relative expression levels of the genesldh,pfl(encoding pyruvate formate lyase),ccpA(encoding catabolite control protein A), and α-amywere higher at a dose of 9 g/liter than at 1 g/liter (P< 0.05). Expression levels ofpfland α-amygenes were higher at 3 g/liter than at 1 g/liter (P< 0.05). The fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) concentration tended to increase with the glucose and starch concentrations. In addition, theS. bovisS1 isolate fermented glucose much faster than starch. We conclude that the quantities of glucose and soluble starch had a major effect on lactate production due to the transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes.IMPORTANCEThis work used a newly isolatedS. bovisstrain S1 from the rumen fluid of Saanen goats and examined the effects of glucose and soluble starch on organic acid patterns, enzyme activity, and expression of genes forin vitrofermentation. It was found that lactate was the dominant product fromS. bovisstrain S1, and the quantities of both glucose and starch in the medium were highly correlated with lactate production and with the corresponding changes in associated enzymes and genes. Therefore, manipulating the metabolic pathway ofS. bovisto alter the dietary level of readily fermentable sugar and carbohydrates may be a strategy to alleviate rumen acidosis.

Physiological changes in rumen fermentation during acidosis induction and its control using a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation in heifers

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blanch ◽  
S. Calsamiglia ◽  
N. DiLorenzo ◽  
A. DiCostanzo ◽  
S. Muetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Antibody Preparation

Impacts of polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin as a feed additive to beef cattle: Immune responses during the step-up transition diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleise M Silva ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Tessa M Schulmeister ◽  
Carla Sanford ◽  
Lautaro R. Cangiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Antibody Preparations

Abstract This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on immune responses [haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), rectal temperature (RT), leukocyte counts, and expression of cell adhesion molecules cluster of differentiation (CD) CD11b, CD14, and CD62L] of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred beef steers (658 ± 79 kg of BW) were assigned in a cross-over design and transitioned from a diet containing bermudagrass hay [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] ad libitum plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with 0 (CON) or 3 g of PAP (PAP) to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 82% of the diet dry matter for STEP1, STEP2, and STEP3, respectively). On each transition day and 7 d after STEP3 (STEP3-7d), RT was obtained every 3 h for a total of 24 h, whereas blood was collected on d 0, 1, and 3, relative to diet transition. There were no effects of PAP inclusion in any of the blood parameters (P &gt; 0.11). However, a tendency for day effect (P = 0.10) was observed for concentrations of Hp, which were greater on d 3 and 7 vs. d 0 relative to the second diet transition (STEP2). Plasma concentrations of SAA were greater on d 1, 3, and 7 compared to d 0 during STEP1 (P = 0.01), while during STEP2 and STEP3, SAA concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.01) from d 0 to 3. During STEP2, PAP steers tended to have lower (P = 0.08) RT than CON steers. Neutrophil and monocyte counts were the least during STEP3 (P &lt; 0.01), whereas expression of CD11b and CD62L was the least through forage feeding (P &lt; 0.01). Concentration of starch in the diet was correlated to all the variables tested (P ≤ 0.01), except for the percentage of B cells (P = 0.22). Yet only ruminal pH, RT, monocyte, and neutrophil counts presented strong correlation coefficients. In conclusion, the step-up transition from forage to high-grain diets triggered systemic inflammation in beef steers as observed by increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and expression on adhesion molecules in leukocytes. However, feeding polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharide did not provide benefits to mitigate inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document