Local Resurgence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Conlee
Keyword(s):  
Religious Organization ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Integrating Factor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
Political Economic

The reestablishment of complex societies after a period of abandonment in Nasca is the focus of this chapter. This time period called the Late Intermediate Period is explored in several areas that may have interacted with Nasca. Archaeological evidence is presented for the Nasca region and La Tiza. In addition, there is a brief discussion of the Late Horizon when the Inca conquered the region. Society was dramatically different in the Late Intermediate Period, with new types of political, economic, and religious organization. Power and leadership appear to have been more diffused and segmented. The absence of large ceremonial centers or other public gathering spaces, as well as lack of distinct and elaborate iconography, suggest religion was not the integrating factor that it was in previous times. These changes are documented in detail in this chapter, as is the hypothesis that most people who settled the region in this period were not related to those who lived here before.

Local Elites and the Reformation of Late Intermediate Period Sociopolitical and Economic Organization in Nasca, Peru

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Conlee
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Regional Settlement

AbstractThe Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000–1476) was a time between empires in the Andes when many regional groups reorganized and gained power. In the Nasca drainage this period has often been misrepresented, in part due to a focus on earlier cultural developments that were considerably different. Recent research attempts to provide a clearer picture of this time period by investigating sociopolitical and economic organization, and in particular the nature of local elites. Regional settlement patterns reveal that during this period population in the drainage was at its height with increased aggregation at town-size settlements. Excavations at the small village site of Pajonal Alto have identified local elites through variations in architecture and material culture. Evidence from Pajonal Alto reveals that there was a reformation of society in the Late Intermediate Period and local elites were no longer primarily associated with ceremonial centers but instead were present at every level of the settlement hierarchy. Elites obtained and maintained power in a variety of ways including participation in the production of utilitarian items, exchange, feasting, and community/exclusive ritual. Instead of integration through communal ritual on a regional level during certain times of the year, integration was based on a large network of local elites who had power that was wielded on a day-to-day basis.

The Politics of Community and Inka Statecraft in the Colca Valley, Peru

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Wernke
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
Colca Valley ◽  
Archaeological Analysis

AbstractIn this paper I investigate the community-level articulation of imperial and local political structures during the Inka occupation of the Collagua Province, located in the Colca Valley of highland southern Peru. Combined ethnohistorical and archaeological analysis document the emergence of a hybrid imperial/local political formation in the shift from autonomous rule during the Late Intermediate period (A.D. 1000–1450) to the Inka occupation during the Late horizon (A.D. 1450–1532). Documentary evidence reveals considerable but uneven penetration of Inka imperial institutions across the two ranked moieties that structure local community organization, with remarkably close conformity between Inkaic ideals of rank and hierarchy among the communities (ayllus) of the lower moiety, but greater autonomy among the higher-ranking ayllus of the upper moiety. New data from a systematic survey around the provincial capital documents a decentralized Late Intermediate period settlement pattern associated with fortifications, suggesting segmentary autonomous political organization. The subsequent Late horizon settlement pattern signals overall occupational continuity, but with the establishment of an Inka administrative center and the installation of central plazas and Inka structures at large settlements with local elite domestic architecture. The two data sets combined provide a integrated view of centralized, but locally mediated, Inka administration.

scholarly journals Interpretations of Pre-Hispanic Ritual Violence at Tucume, Peru, from Cut Mark Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marla Toyne
Keyword(s):  
Social Meaning ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Chest Cavity ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Ritual Violence ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
The Temple

AbstractArchaeological residues of ritual are often ephemeral, and reconstructing the dynamics of performed actions that create deposits can be difficult. Rituals associated with the dead are common across many cultures since all human groups have specific means of disposing of corpses. Evidence of peri- and postmortem manipulation of human remains, such as cutting, dismemberment, or disarticulation can provide details of the sequence of actions performed related to the circumstances surrounding death and the possible social meaning of those behaviors. Cut marks observed on the upper chest and throat of 93 percent of 117 children and men found interred at the Temple of the Sacred Stone at Túcume, Peru are consistent with three symbolic behaviors: cutting the throat, opening the chest cavity, and decapitation. This patterning of skeletal trauma demonstrates that a highly elaborate series of violent ritual behaviors was carried out on a regular basis at this location, beginning in the Late Intermediate Period (∼A.D. 1100) through to the end of the Late Horizon Inca occupation of the site around A.D. 1532. The recent finds of bioarchaeological evidence of ritual violence across the Andes suggests that, although rare, these mortuary remains provide important clues to the elaborate nature of ritual behaviors at different sites.

Fisherman, Farmer, Rich Man, Poor Man, Weaver, Parcialidad Chief?

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-300
Author(s):  
Brian R. Billman ◽  
Dana Bardolph ◽  
Jean Hudson ◽  
Jesús Briceño Rosario
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Moche Valley ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Late Horizon

Chapter 10 discusses the Late Intermediate Period (1000–1460 cal AD) and Late Horizon (1470–1532 cal AD) site of Cerro la Virgen in the Moche valley on the Peruvian north coast. The authors argue that the site was self-sufficient except for water for fields, in contrast to earlier interpretations. However, households engaged in multiple economic activities; the site is not characterized by occupational specialization, and both farmers and fishermen lived at Cerro la Virgen.

Disaster-Related Food Security and Past General Governance Strategies in a Worldwide Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Jones ◽  
Corinne Ong ◽  
Jessica Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractClimate change is an increasingly pressing concern because it generates individual and societal vulnerability in many places in the world, and also because it potentially threatens political stability. Aside of sea-level rise, climate change is typically manifested in local temperature and precipitation extremes that generate other hazards. In this study, we investigated whether certain kinds of governance strategies were more common in societies whose food supply had been threatened by such natural hazards—specifically floods, droughts and locust infestations. We coded and analyzed ethnographic data from the Human Relations Area Files on 26 societies regarding dominant political, economic and ideological behaviors of leaders in each society for a specified time period. Leaders in societies experiencing food-destroying disasters used different political economic strategies for maintaining power than did leaders in societies that face fewer disasters or that did not face such disasters. In non-disaster settings, leaders were more likely to have inward-focused cosmological and collectivistic strategies; conversely, when a society had experienced food-destroying disasters, leaders were more likely to have exclusionary tribal/family-based and externally focused strategies. This apparent difficulty in maintaining order and coherence of leadership in disaster settings may apply more to politically complex societies than to polities governed solely at the community level. Alternatively, it could be that exclusionary leaders help set up the conditions for disastrous consequences of hazards for the populace. Exceptions to the pattern of exclusionary political economic strategies in disaster settings indicate that workarounds do exist that allow leaders with corporate governance approaches to stay in power.

Beyond the Nasca Lines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Conlee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Ideas

Beyond the Nasca Lines examines the origin, rise, fall, and reformation of complex societies through investigations conducted at the archaeological site of La Tiza in the desert of Nasca, Peru. La Tiza was inhabited for over 5000 years and has the longest occupation of any settlement in the region, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine the dynamics of ancient complex societies. Although the region is famous for the Nasca Lines (ground drawing on the desert floor) that were created by the Nasca culture (A.D. 100–650), many societies thrived in the region before and after that period. From hunters and gatherers of the Middle Preceramic (ca. 3500 B.C.) to the Inca empire (ca. A.D. 1450), the transformation of society is documented with a particular focus on the cycle of the rise of the Nasca culture, subsequent conquest by the Wari state followed by collapse and abandonment, and then the establishment of a new society in the Late Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1200). Many factors were involved in these shifts, and included the organization of kinship groups, shifts in subsistence strategies, influxes of immigrants and new ideas, religious movements, climate change, trade and social networks, and external imperial policies. This book is unique from previous studies in Nasca in that it takes a diachronic perspective and addresses the long prehistory of the region from the perspective of a particular site.

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