Deadly Virtue

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Martel
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Christian Morality ◽  
History Of

Deadly Virtue argues that the history of the French Calvinist attempt to colonize Florida in the 1560s is key to understanding the roots of American whiteness in sixteenth-century colonialism, science, and Protestantism. The book places the history of Fort Caroline, Florida, into the context of Protestant colonialism and understandings of the body, emotion, and identity held in common by travelers throughout the early Atlantic world. Protestants envisioned finding a rich and powerful Indigenous king, converting him to Christianity, and then establishing a Protestant-Indigenous alliance to build an empire under Indigenous leadership that would compete with European monarchies. However, when the colony was wiped out by the Spanish, these Protestants took this as a condemnation from their god for this plan of collaborating with Indigenous people and developed separatist strategies for future Protestant colonial projects. By introducing the reader to the humoral model of the body, this book shows how race, gender, sexuality, and Christian morality came to intersect in modern understandings of whiteness.

Aztecs Abroad? Uncovering the Early Indigenous Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-814
Author(s):  
Caroline Dodds Pennock
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Native People ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Indian Country ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Networks

Abstract Indigenous people are often seen as static recipients of transatlantic encounter, influencing the Atlantic world only in their parochial interactions with Europeans, but the reality is that thousands of Native Americans crossed the ocean during the sixteenth century, many unwillingly, but some by choice. As diplomats, entertainers, traders, travelers, and, sadly, most often when enslaved, Indigenous people operated consciously within structures that spanned the ocean and created a worldview that was framed in transatlantic terms. Focusing on purposeful travelers of “Aztec” (Central Mexican) origin, this article uses the distinctive context of the 1500s to rewrite our understandings of the Atlantic world. In the turbulent waters of early empire, we can more easily see Native people as purposeful global actors who created and transformed social, economic, political, and intellectual networks, forging not one but many “Indigenous Atlantics.” This is about more than “looking east from Indian country,” or recovering the transatlantic journeys of Native people, important though both those things are. To find a truly “Indigenous Atlantic,” we must reimagine the history of the ocean itself: as a place of Indigenous activity, imagination, and power.

Land Back: A meta narrative to help indigenous people show up as movement leaders

Leadership ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 174271502097620
Author(s):  
Nikki A Pieratos ◽  
Sarah S Manning ◽  
Nick Tilsen
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
American Indian Movement ◽  
Public Response ◽  
Shared History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The 1960S

Present political climate and an increase in visibility and voice for Indigenous people are being leveraged to attract attention to dire social, environmental, and political issues. However, we need a more unified, organized, and coordinated policy platform, strategy, and public response. NDN Collective, an all Indigenous-led and staffed organization devoted to building Indigenous self-determination and power across Turtle Island, provides cohesion through a strong meta narrative of its Land Back campaign and an ecosystem of resources for Native Nations and peoples built around its three pillars: Defend, Develop, and Decolonize. This article shares a brief history of colonization and the lasting impacts of the American Indian Movement of the 1960s and what is needed from Indigenous leadership today. In recognizing that the collective liberation of Indigenous people is bound together with those of other Black and brown relatives, this article also explores our shared history with Black Americans and the success of the Black Lives Matter movement.

Health

Deadly Virtue ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
Heather Martel
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Diet Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Transformation

According to early European understandings of the body and identity, love could cause a fundamental transformation: a personality change or a change of cultural, spiritual, and political allegiance. With a change in hygienic customs, the human body would change form, color, and even gender. This chapter explains the larger framework of health and identity common to all early modern Europeans, humoralism (or Galenic medicine), an ancient science that defined human bodies as mutable and expected to change with the environment, diet, behavior, and emotion. Seemingly ethnographic descriptions of Indigenous people applied this framework in order to anticipate and prevent the transformation of Christians by Indigenous people and the environments of the Atlantic world and Florida.

scholarly journals Madalena:The Entangled History of One Indigenous Floridian Woman in the Atlantic World

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Cave
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Indigenous Woman ◽  
History Of

In 1549, after 11 years of slavery, and exile, an indigenous woman made it home to her people. In the time of her captivity, she became one of the most geopolitically important and well-traveled indigenous women in the Spanish Empire. Her name—or the name Spanish society gave her—was Madalena, and she returned home to Tocobaga, in what is now Tampa Bay. From bondage in Havana, she was taken to be the translator for a missionary expedition that sought to peacefully convert her people into citizens of the imagined Spanish colony of Florida. That mission, like every other European attempt to settle the region up to the nineteenth century, would fail, but this latest failure of Spanish colonialism meant that Madalena could return to life among her own people, unlike most indigenous slaves of the sixteenth century.

scholarly journals Transforming power in Amazonian extractivism: historical exploitation, contemporary "fair trade", and new possibilities for indigenous cooperatives and conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Cooperatives have been widely supported as vehicles for community-based conservation and development. However, these organizations are often developed around specific income-generating projects rather than broader considerations of how relations of power and ecological exploitation might be transformed. This article uses the case of AmazonCoop—a cooperative dedicated to the supposedly fair trade of Brazil nuts between Amazonian indigenous people and the multinational corporation The Body Shop—to illustrate how historical political ecology might facilitate the design of more radically transformative cooperatives. Contextualizing AmazonCoop within the history of Amazonian extractivism, and particularly the extraction of wild rubber, reveals the specific mechanisms and processes through which indigenous people have gained and lost power. This analysis thus creates opportunities for thinking more creatively about how contemporary conservation–development schemes might pursue ecologically sustainable and socially just social transformations.Keywords: cooperatives, fair trade, conservation, development, indigenous people, Brazil

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stefanie Hunt-Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Contact

The historical intersections between racism and ableism show that the English held antiblack attitudes from their very first contact with Africans in the sixteenth century. The idea that blackness has a very important, historically rooted relationship to disability is central to this book. Modern understandings of raced and disabled bodies developed and were bound together during England’s imperial expansion. The violent production of disability is at the heart of the histories of blackness in the Atlantic world. This book focuses on the violent conditions of enslavement and presents an intellectual history of racism and ableism while leaving space for a social history of disability among the enslaved.

The Poetics of Anatomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Jamie McKinstry
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
History Of

Jamie McKinstry examines the early modern history of anatomical dissection as an exploratory process of formalising knowledge and of encountering the unexpected within. The sixteenth-century journey inside the body has parallels, McKinstry argues, with the contemporaneous exploration of the New World and in Donne’s poetry he sees reflected a linked throwing-off of ignorance and an embracing of new physical metaphors.

Exploration, Religion and Empire in the Sixteenth-century Ibero-Atlantic World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
New World ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
New Methods ◽  
History Of

The Iberian conquest of the Atlantic at the beginning of the sixteenth century had a notable impact on the formation of the new world order in which Christian Europe claimed control over most a considerable part of the planet. This was possible thanks to the confluence of different and inseparable factors: the development of new technical capacities and favorable geographical conditions in which to navigate the great oceans; the Christian mandate to extend the faith; the need for new trade routes; and an imperial organization aspiring to global dominance. The author explores new methods for approaching old historiographical problems of the Renaissance — such as the discovery and conquest of America, the birth of modern science, and the problem of Eurocentrism — now in reference to actors and regions scarcely visible in the complex history of modern Europe: the ships, the wind, the navigators, their instruments, their gods, saints, and demons.

scholarly journals Democracy and the Body Politic from Aristotle to Hobbes

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
History Of

The conventional view of Hobbes’s commonwealth is that it was inspired by contemporary theories of tyranny. This article explores the idea that a paradigm for Hobbes’s state could in fact be found in early modern readings of Aristotle on democracy, as found in Book Three of the Politics. It argues that by the late sixteenth century, these meditations on the democratic body politic had developed claims about unity, mythology, and personation that would become central to Hobbes’s own theory of the commonwealth. Tracing the history of commentary on the relevant passages in Aristotle reveals new perspectives not only on the political theories of both Aristotle and Hobbes but also introduces modern readers to the richness of early modern commentaries on classical political texts. The article ends with some thoughts on why attention to traditions of commentary might be valuable for political theorists today.

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