scholarly journals Transforming power in Amazonian extractivism: historical exploitation, contemporary "fair trade", and new possibilities for indigenous cooperatives and conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Cooperatives have been widely supported as vehicles for community-based conservation and development. However, these organizations are often developed around specific income-generating projects rather than broader considerations of how relations of power and ecological exploitation might be transformed. This article uses the case of AmazonCoop—a cooperative dedicated to the supposedly fair trade of Brazil nuts between Amazonian indigenous people and the multinational corporation The Body Shop—to illustrate how historical political ecology might facilitate the design of more radically transformative cooperatives. Contextualizing AmazonCoop within the history of Amazonian extractivism, and particularly the extraction of wild rubber, reveals the specific mechanisms and processes through which indigenous people have gained and lost power. This analysis thus creates opportunities for thinking more creatively about how contemporary conservation–development schemes might pursue ecologically sustainable and socially just social transformations.Keywords: cooperatives, fair trade, conservation, development, indigenous people, Brazil

scholarly journals Implementasi Prinsip Fair Trade oleh The Body Shop sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mintarja ◽  
Priscilia Christian Kadim ◽  
Stella Claresta Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Body Shop

The second half of the twentieth century witnessed unprecedented growth in the number of international actors. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of non-state actors that, on many occasions, helped solve problems and improve lives. This makes the responsibility of people’s welfare no longer only held by the government. One of the most prominent examples is the role of Body Shop on improving the living standard of Rwandan. Twenty four years after the genocide that killed almost 800,000 people, the country of Rwanda is rebuilding with the support of international communities, including multinational corporations. The Body Shop’s Community Trade commitment has been a key part of bringing local producers into international supply chains and empowering them. Therefore, the research question in this paper is “How is the role of The Body Shop on implementing fair trade principles towards the Rwandan society?” To answer the research question, the authors use several theories and concepts; such as pluralism, multinational companies, and fair trade theory. In addition, the research method to be used by the authors is a qualitative study method. This research found that The Body Shop has launched a Moringa Community Trade program as an embodiment of efforts to improve the welfare of Rwandan people after the genocide occurred. This community trade initiative aims to be one small step forward to achieve financial stability for the people currently living and working in Rwanda.

An Investigation on Fair Trade Business

2020 ◽  
pp. 1205-1227
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Zhang ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Body Shop

In the past 20 years, Fair Trade appears as an approach of trading encouraging minimal returns, safety, sustainability and ethics. There are some good practices of Fair Trade supply chain management in the western companies such as the Body Shop; however, the development of Fair Trade business is still a new concept in developing countries such as China. This proposed chapter will start with an introduction of Fair Trade, and then analyze successful cases in the western countries. There will be initial investigation into Fair Trade supply chain management in China, with a focus on its opportunities and challenges. Discussion will be made to address the critical issues of Fair Trade management, followed by a summary of the chapter.

Deadly Virtue

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Martel
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Christian Morality ◽  
History Of

Deadly Virtue argues that the history of the French Calvinist attempt to colonize Florida in the 1560s is key to understanding the roots of American whiteness in sixteenth-century colonialism, science, and Protestantism. The book places the history of Fort Caroline, Florida, into the context of Protestant colonialism and understandings of the body, emotion, and identity held in common by travelers throughout the early Atlantic world. Protestants envisioned finding a rich and powerful Indigenous king, converting him to Christianity, and then establishing a Protestant-Indigenous alliance to build an empire under Indigenous leadership that would compete with European monarchies. However, when the colony was wiped out by the Spanish, these Protestants took this as a condemnation from their god for this plan of collaborating with Indigenous people and developed separatist strategies for future Protestant colonial projects. By introducing the reader to the humoral model of the body, this book shows how race, gender, sexuality, and Christian morality came to intersect in modern understandings of whiteness.

scholarly journals Power, Nature, and the City. The Conquest of Water and the Political Ecology of Urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Swyngedouw
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Supply Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
The City

In this paper, I seek to explore how the circulation of water is embedded in the political ecology of power, through which the urbanization process unfolds. I attempt to reconstruct the urbanization process as simultaneously a political-economic and ecological process. This will be discussed through the exploration of the history of the urbanization of water in Guayaquil, Ecuador. As approximately 36% of its two million inhabitants has no access to piped potable water, water becomes subject to an intense social struggle for control and/or access. Mechanisms of exclusion from and access to water, particularly in cities which have a problematic water-supply condition, lay bare how both the transformation of nature and the urbanization process are organized in and through mechanisms of social power. In order to unravel the relations of power that are inscribed in the way the urbanization of nature unfolded I document and analyze the historical geography of water control in the context of the political ecology of Guayaquil's urbanization. In short, Guayaquil's urbanization process is written from the perspective of the drive to urbanize and domesticate nature's water and the parallel necessity to push the ecological frontier outward as the city expands. I show how this political ecology of urbanization takes place through deeply exclusive and marginalizing processes that structure relations of access to and exclusion from access to nature's water.

Political ecology of the degradation of forest commons in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOLAM RASUL
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
External Intervention

Indigenous people have widely been blamed for degrading South Asia's montane forest resources through the practice of shifting cultivation, yet some studies have revealed that indigenous people used forests in a sustainable way for centuries until external intervention. The history of external intervention in the forests of South Asia is more than two centuries old. The process of degradation of forest resources requires understanding of the political and social processes that condition access, control and management of the land and resources involved. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh, a part of the Himalayan region, underwent essentially the same socio-political and historical processes as many other countries in the region and had very similar experiences in forest management. By examination of policies and associated effects on CHT forest over the past two centuries, this paper reveals that the process of forest degradation in the CHT started during the British colonial period with the nationalization of forests, establishment of reserve forests (RFs), management of forests by government agencies and weakening of traditional institutions. The process of degradation was accelerated by: privatization of forest land for the promotion of sedentary agriculture, horticulture and rubber plantation; the construction of a hydraulic dam on the Karnafuli River; the settlement of lowland people; and the constant conflict between indigenous people and the Forest Department. The degradation of CHT forests is not only the result of traditional agricultural practices, but also of many other factors including inappropriate policies and programmes.

An Investigation on Fair Trade Business

2016 ◽  
pp. 560-582
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Zhang ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Body Shop

In the past 20 years, Fair Trade appears as an approach of trading encouraging minimal returns, safety, sustainability and ethics. There are some good practices of Fair Trade supply chain management in the western companies such as the Body Shop; however, the development of Fair Trade business is still a new concept in developing countries such as China. This proposed chapter will start with an introduction of Fair Trade, and then analyze successful cases in the western countries. There will be initial investigation into Fair Trade supply chain management in China, with a focus on its opportunities and challenges. Discussion will be made to address the critical issues of Fair Trade management, followed by a summary of the chapter.

Aspergillus Spondylodiscitis After Spinal Stenosis Surgery: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 And 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Mohsen Aghapoor ◽  
◽  
Babak Alijani Alijani ◽  
Mahsa Pakseresht-Mogharab ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Background and Importance: Spondylodiscitis is an inflammatory disease of the body of one or more vertebrae and intervertebral disc. The fungal etiology of this disease is rare, particularly in patients without immunodeficiency. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to complications and even death. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old diabetic female patient, who had a history of spinal surgery and complaining radicular lumbar pain in both lower limbs with a probable diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, underwent partial L2 and complete L3 and L4 corpectomy and fusion. As a result of pathology from tissue biopsy specimen, Aspergillus fungi were observed. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the patient. The patient was treated with Itraconazole 100 mg twice a day for two months. Pain, neurological symptom, and laboratory tests improved. Conclusion: The debridement surgery coupled with antifungal drugs can lead to the best therapeutic results.

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