“In the Land of Bondage”

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Noyalas
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
Shenandoah Valley ◽  
The Moment

This chapter offers an overview of slavery in the Shenandoah Valley from the moment the first enslaved people reportedly arrived in 1727. Slavery’s importance steadily increased in the region from the era of the American Revolution, spurred in part by demand for hemp during the American Revolution, through the 1850s. Furthermore, chapter one examines the practice of enslavers renting surplus labor, various forms of resistance enslaved people employed in the Shenandoah Valley in the decades leading up to the Civil War, how enslavers attempted to subdue that resistance, and how enslaved people who escaped to points north carved out a new life for themselves. Examinations of these various elements reveals that although slavery might have superficially looked somewhat different in the Shenandoah Valley—enslavers working alongside those whom they enslaved or enslaved people not comprising as much of the total population as in areas where large plantations dominated the landscape—the experiences of enslaved people on an individual level did not differ at all from other areas. The Valley’s enslaved still suffered abuse, both physical and emotional, and desired freedom.

The Fall of Petersburg and Appomattox

2021 ◽  
pp. 601-618
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Varon
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Army Of Northern Virginia ◽  
The Moment

Americans experienced the last months of the Civil War as uncertain and full of dramatic events that together finally spelled the Confederacy’s doom. The Union capitalized on its advantages in manpower and materiel, on the command harmony of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his team, and on the political momentum of President Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation policy to seize the prizes of Richmond and Petersburg and send the Confederate government and Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia into flight. Confederates, confronting shortages of manpower and materiel, debated how to prolong the fight and clung to the hope that Lee’s army would win victories that breathed new life into the Confederate project. President Lincoln framed this last season of war as a moral reckoning with slavery and the moment to advance the work of reunion. The final campaigns were a watershed in the process of emancipation, as Lee’s surrender brought many slaves their de facto freedom.

Wartime

Keep the Days ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Steven M. Stowe
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Working Class ◽  
White Men ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Material World ◽  
The Moment

This chapter looks at women diarists from the southern slave-owning class looking at civil war. Some wrote a great deal about the battles and politics, while others wrote only occasionally about the far-reaching conflict. But all of the diarists comment on the sheer, local craziness of war—the reversals, weird occurrences, and outright destruction of lives and the material world. War demanded that they write in their diaries, but war also made writing inadequate. War shook up everything normal, and so the diarist found herself writing how normal time turned into something else—wartime. Women found themselves writing about cannonades and enemy soldiers at the door, about strange mutations in everything “every-day,” in the routines of home, the choice of clothing and food, and in the novel presence of working-class white men in the shape of Confederate soldiers. Wartime challenged women’s inventiveness as diarists, and it shows how the diary as a text—open, changeable, tied to the moment—brings wartime close to readers today.

Epilogue

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mac Kilgore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Walt Whitman ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Civil War Era

The epilogue to the book gestures toward the destiny of enthusiasm in the post-Civil War era. In the wake of the trauma of war, the end of slavery, and the birth of a technologically-oriented culture of disenchanted realism, political enthusiasm no longer seemed necessary or viable. At the same time, the final lesson of Walt Whitman circa the centennial of the American Revolution is not so much that political enthusiasm has come to an end but that it must take on new, unheard-of forms specific to its historical era—in Whitman’s view, that meant a struggle for the rights of labor against the corruptions of capitalism (what he called the “tramp and strike question”). As one indication of how literatures of enthusiasm continued to operate in the late nineteenth century, the chapter discusses Edward Bellamy’s utopian novel Looking Backward and Whitman’s contemporaneous interest in anti-capitalism. Enthusiasm is finally what Whitman calls the “latent right of insurrection,” a “quenchless, indispensable fire” in the convulsive context of political tyranny.

Beyond the Iconoclastic Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Compulsory Military Service

This introduction traces antebellum American skepticism about public monuments to the distrust of standing armies that was central to the ideology of the American Revolution. The popularity of Independence Day illustrates the iconoclasm of the early republic, which paralleled a widespread resistance to compulsory military service. Remembrance of the Civil War vastly increased the number of public monuments in the United States. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, these memorials became a vehicle for the militarization of American culture.

Academy Students in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Social Geography, Demography, and the Culture of Academy Attendance

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Beadie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
New York State ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
York State

Academies and academy students increased substantially in number during the period from the American Revolution to the Civil War. Why? Who were these students and what did academy attendance mean to them? Theodore R. Sizer asked these questions in 1964, but his ability to answer them was limited by the absence of studies that focused on academy students. In this essay I reexamine Sizer's understanding of academies in light of evidence provided by subsequent studies of student populations. These studies include my own comparative analysis of data from nearly 500 Regents academies that operated in New York State between 1835 and 1890, as well as in-depth case studies of individual institutions by myself and others.

scholarly journals Digital Phenotyping in Bipolar Disorder: Which Integration with Clinical Endophenotypes and Biomarkers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7684
Author(s):  
Laura Orsolini ◽  
Michele Fiorani ◽  
Umberto Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Human Phenotype ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mood Swing ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by a pathologic mood swing. Digital phenotyping, defined as the ‘moment-by-moment quantification of the individual-level human phenotype in its own environment’, represents a new approach aimed at measuring the human behavior and may theoretically enhance clinicians’ capability in early identification, diagnosis, and management of any mental health conditions, including BD. Moreover, a digital phenotyping approach may easily introduce and allow clinicians to perform a more personalized and patient-tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach, in line with the framework of precision psychiatry. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the role of digital phenotyping in BD. Despite scarce literature published so far, extremely heterogeneous methodological strategies, and limitations, digital phenotyping may represent a grounding research and clinical field in BD, by owning the potentialities to quickly identify, diagnose, longitudinally monitor, and evaluating clinical response and remission to psychotropic drugs. Finally, digital phenotyping might potentially constitute a possible predictive marker for mood disorders.

Phocion Howard Examines the Northern Pacific Railroad, 1873

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Saum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Pacific Railroad ◽  
Economic Collapse ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
The Moment

Editor's note: In its October 2004 issue, this journal published a vivid account by Lewis Saum, the well-known historian of the nineteenth-century press, of the dispatches and misadventures of Chicago reporter James “Phocion” Howard during the Black Hills gold rush of 1875. A complete product of an age when news correspondents made no pretence of detachment and no effort to avoid becoming part of their stories, Howard, through what he wrote and what he did, was the sort of reporter who contributed mightily to the image of the post-Civil War era as a Gilded Age. This brief account follows Howard back a little in time, to 1873, when he was noisily bursting illusions along the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad just at the moment when that line's bankruptcy hurled the country into its worst economic collapse in decades.

The Pilgrimage of Joel Andrews: Aging in the Autobiography of a Yankee Farmer

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Cole ◽  
Terri Premo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Old Age ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Historical Phenomenology ◽  
Untapped Resource

Autobiographical writing offers a vast and virtually untapped resource for the historical phenomenology of aging. This essay interprets the autobiography of Joel Andrews—an aging Yankee farmer whose life spanned the period from the American Revolution to the end of the Civil War. We attempt to recreate the poignance and integrity of this ordinary man's struggle with aging and death within the context of his own historical circumstances and religious beliefs. In particular, the essay argues that Andrews' autobiography both reflects and helps accomplish his central task in old age: the religiously sanctioned transition from physical to spiritual man. Andrews' experience provides an interesting contrast to contemporary ideas about health and vitality in old age.

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