scholarly journals Public Expenditure in Research and Development and Venture Capital Commitments

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Herrera-Echeverry
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Public Expenditure

Three Views of a Train Wreck

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kinch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Moore’S Law ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
Start Ups

Despite and arguably because of the enormous public health benefits arising from the introduction of new medicines, the industry is in the midst of crisis. We detail in this chapter the decline in research and development efficiency, which has been termed “Eroom's Law,” a playful inversion of the bettern known Moore's Law of Computing. An explanation of declining efficiency follows as is a brief summary of some remedies taken by many biopharmaceutical entities, including the abandonment of therapeutics targeting particularly difficult indications such as Alzheimer's disease and antibiotics. We also convey how the industry has developed into a sort of food chain, with smaller companies and government grants supporting the earliest stages of research, which are then acquired by medium-sized companies, which in turn are consolidated into large companies. This food chain is fundamentally in doubt based on shrinking Federal spending on research combined with a decline in venture capital support for early-stage start-ups.

Taiwan's Experience in Switching Its Engines of Growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Cheng Hu ◽  
Vei-Lin Chan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Information Communication Technology ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Capital Intensive

Taiwan became a leading worldwide manufacturer of computer hardware in the 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to review the process that led to the birth and growth of Taiwan's information-communication technology (ICT) industries. We further discuss such factors as research and development, high-tech human capital, venture capital, financial liberalization, and telecommunications liberalization, which have contributed to the success of the ICT industries and the shift in the economy from labor-intensive to capital-intensive and technology-intensive production.

Foreign Investment, Institutional Quality, Public Expenditure, and Activity of Venture Capital Funds in Emerging Market Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Herrera-Echeverri ◽  
Jerry Haar ◽  
Juan Benavides Estevez-Bretón
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Level Of Significance

This paper empirically analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), institutional quality, and the size of a government on venture capital (VC) activity. We conclude that institutional quality, FDI, and public spending have definitive importance as elements for the development of a public policy that increases the quantity and quality of VC fund (VCF) investment. Higher institutional quality, greater FDI, and lower public spending allow the volume of VCF investment to grow. FDI shows a higher level of significance in promoting investment in high-tech companies, and institutional quality increases the productivity of FDI investment in the generation of VCF. Government spending dramatically and (counter-intuitively) adversely affects the activities of VCF. Notably, the higher the institutional quality of a country, the less state intervention is required to promote investment of VCF. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the FDI spillover and crowding out by public spending.

Research and Development Board: The Research Assessment Exercise — Implications for the Future of Occupational Therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ilott ◽  
Elizabeth White
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
Research Assessment Exercise ◽  
Support Evidence

The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) is one of the most important policies that determine public expenditure of nearly one billion pounds in higher education. Although a minority of occupational therapy personnel are involved, all have an investment in the outcomes which support evidence-based services. This report outlines the Research and Development Board's responses to the Higher Education Funding Council's consultation exercises since 1997. The aim is to highlight the implications of this policy for supporting a research-active community, able to contribute to the development of the profession. Particular attention is given to the collaborative approach taken as a member of the Joint Therapies Research Group. A longer-term, pragmatic strategy is described as part of the preparation for the next RAE in 2001 and beyond. This fits with the current fundamental review of research funding and policy and the recognition of the damage inflicted upon emergent disciplines and health service research by previous RAEs.

scholarly journals Optimization of the System of Monitoring the Effectiveness of Venture Investments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2145-2150
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses real examples of venture capital firms that have reached a high level, as well as start-ups that have not yet managed to become mature companies. The paper presents statistical data on venture investments in the form of tables and graphs for clarity and simplification of the perception of numerical data. The process of evaluating venture capital enterprises is described, which allows you to decide to invest money in a project or abandon such a decision. In the course of the research, scientific, comprehensive literature, periodical informational publications, and Internet resources of various types were used: websites of venture funds, Internet blogs of famous business angels, research articles on venture investment. The choice of diverse literature made it possible to approach the questions of research critically, which helped to ensure an independent assessment. Besides, scientific calculations were used from related fields - marketing, economic psychology, management, which allowed us to consider the topic from different angles, illuminating the subject and object of research from new perspectives. The economic and mathematical model for assessing the impact of venture network actors on the commercialization of innovative products at the regional level consists of the following indicators: advanced manufacturing technologies used; volume of innovative goods, works, services; the number of personnel engaged in research and development; grant of patents; amount of investment; domestic current expenditure on research and development; share of investments in 1 private equity and venture capital fund; share of expenses of the first organization for research and development.

Venture Capital and Innovation: Evidence from European Economic Area Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudra P. Pradhan ◽  
Rana P. Maradana ◽  
Danish B. Zaki ◽  
Saurav Dash ◽  
Manju Jayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Long Run

The paper examines the long-run relationship between venture capital and innovation in the 19 European Economic Area (EEA) countries over the period 1989–2014. We use three different indicators of venture capital (VC), such as VC at early stage investment, VC at later stage investment, and VC total investment, and seven different indicators of innovation, such as patents-residents, patents-nonresidents, patents-total, research and development expenditure, researchers in research and development activities, high-technology exports, and scientific and technical journal articles, to examine this long-run relationship. Using cointegration technique, the study warrants the support of long-run relationship between venture capital and innovation in few cases, typically with reference to a particular VC indicator and innovation indicator. Expending the Granger causality test, the study finds the presence of both bidirectional and unidirectional causality between venture capital and innovation. However, these results vary from country-to-country within the EEA countries, depending upon the types of VC indicator and innovation indicator that we use in a particular empirical exploration process. The policy implication of this study is that the economic policies should recognize the differences in the venture capital and innovation in order to maintain the sustainable development in these EEA countries.

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