scholarly journals Small Motion Detection and Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring with Continuous Wave Doppler Radars

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Seflek ◽  
Yunus Emre Acar ◽  
Ercan Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Small Motion ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring

Radars have become devices that one can come across in any environment at any moment. This means that they enter to all areas of life and even in the field of medicine and will be used more intensively in the future. Especially, the attention has been drawn to that they are suitable for the non-contact vital signs monitoring. In this study, two radar structures operating at 24 GHz (Radar 1) and 2.4 GHz (Radar 2) frequencies are used. Radar 1 structure is created on a printed circuit board (PCB), whereas Radar 2 is obtained by combining discrete components. The 8.5 mm movement performed with the aid of a test mechanism is detected by two radars with percentage errors (PEs) of 2.58% and 6.23%, respectively. For the 0.25 Hz vibration frequency, the error is the same for both radars and is 2.4 %. In measurements taken from a healthy human subject, Radar 1 finds a respiration rate with 1.85 % of PE and heart beat rate with 6.17 % of PE. In Radar 2, these values are 2.35 % and 8.24 %, respectively. From the measurement results, it is seen that the resolution of Radar 1 is better than that of Radar 2. The results also indicate that small motion detection and vital signs monitoring are carried out successfully.

scholarly journals A Novel Photoplethysmography Sensor for Vital Signs Monitoring from the Human Trachea

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. May ◽  
Justin P. Phillips ◽  
Tracey Fitchat ◽  
Shankar Ramaswamy ◽  
Saowarat Snidvongs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Pulse ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit ◽  
Human Trachea ◽  
The Mean

Current pulse oximeter sensors can be challenged in working accurately and continuously in situations of reduced periphery perfusion, especially among anaesthetised patients. A novel tracheal photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor has been developed in an effort to address the limitations of current pulse oximeters. The sensor has been designed to estimate oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate, and has been manufactured on a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) that can adhere to a standard endotracheal (ET) tube. A pilot clinical trial was carried out as a feasibility study on 10 anaesthetised patients. Good quality PPGs from the trachea were acquired at red and infrared wavelengths in all patients. The mean SpO2 reading for the ET tube was 97.1% (SD 1.0%) vs. the clinical monitor at 98.7% (SD 0.7%). The mean pulse rate for the ET sensor was 65.4 bpm (SD 10.0 bpm) vs. the clinical monitor at 64.7 bpm (SD 9.9 bpm). This study supports the hypothesis that the human trachea could be a suitable monitoring site of SpO2 and other physiological parameters, at times where the periphery circulation might be compromised.

scholarly journals Correction: Park, J.-H. et al. 915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs. Electronics 2019, 8, 561

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park ◽  
Jeong ◽  
Lee ◽  
Oh ◽  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler ◽  
Published Paper

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]

scholarly journals 915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Park ◽  
Yeo-Jin Jeong ◽  
Ga-Eun Lee ◽  
Jun-Taek Oh ◽  
Jong-Ryul Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler ◽  
Front End ◽  
Front End Module

A miniaturized continuous-wave Doppler radar sensor operating at 915 MHz to remotely detect both respiration and heart rate (beats per minute) is presented. The proposed radar sensor comprises a front-end module including an implemented complementary metal-oxide semiconductor low-noise amplifier (LNA) and fractal-slot patch antennas, whose area was reduced by 15.2%. The two-stage inverter-based LNA was designed with an interstage capacitor and a feedback resistor to acquire ultrawide bandwidth. Two operating frequencies, 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, were analyzed with regard to path loss for efficient operation because frequency affects detection sensitivity, reflected signal power from the human body, and measurement distance in a far-field condition. Path-loss calculation based on the simplified layer model indicates that the reflected power of the 915 MHz radar could be higher than that of the 2.45 GHz radar. The implemented radar front-end module excluding the LNA occupies 35 × 55 mm2. Vital signs were obtained via a fast Fourier transform and digital filtering using raw signals. In an experiment with six subjects, the respiration and heart rate obtained at 0.8 m using the proposed radar sensor exhibited mean accuracies of 99.4% and 97.6% with respect to commercialized reference sensors, respectively.

scholarly journals Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Tian Jin ◽  
Yongpeng Dai ◽  
Yongkun Song
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mimo Radar ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Imaging Radar ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring

Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of through-wall respiration and heartbeat pattern extraction from multiple subjects. To detect the vital signs of multiple subjects, we employ a low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radar and derive the relationship between radar images and vibrations caused by human cardiopulmonary movements. The derivation indicates that MIMO radar imaging with the stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) critically by the factor of radar channel number times frequency number compared with continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radars. We also apply the three-dimensional (3-D) higher-order cumulant (HOC) to locate multiple subjects and extract the phase sequence of the radar images as the vital signs signal. To monitor the cardiopulmonary activities, we further exploit the VMD algorithm with a proposed grouping criterion to adaptively separate the respiration and heartbeat patterns. A series of experiments have validated the localization and detection of multiple subjects behind a wall. The VMD algorithm is suitable for separating the weaker heartbeat pattern from the stronger respiration pattern by the grouping criterion. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) by the MIMO radar in real scenarios shows a strong consistency with the reference electrocardiogram (ECG).

scholarly journals Microfluidic Microwave Sensor for Detecting Saline in Biological Range

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Kilpijärvi ◽  
Niina Halonen ◽  
Jari Juuti ◽  
Jari Hannu
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Reflection Measurement ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

A device for measuring biological small volume liquid samples in real time is appealing. One way to achieve this is by using a microwave sensor based on reflection measurement. A prototype sensor was manufactured from low cost printed circuit board (PCB) combined with a microfluidic channel made of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS). Such a sensor was simulated, manufactured, and tested including a vacuum powered sample delivery system with robust fluidic ports. The sensor had a broad frequency band from 150 kHz to 6 GHz with three resonance frequencies applied in sensing. As a proof of concept, the sensor was able to detect a NaCl content of 125 to 155 mmol in water, which is the typical concentration in healthy human blood plasma.

scholarly journals Experimental study of through the wall imaging for the detection of vital life signs using SFWR

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Pardhu Thottempudi ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Image Tracking ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Wall Imaging

<p>Now a day’s defence applications associated to novel, army and military war fields are required wall imaging discrimination. As of now many wallimaging techniques are designed but didn’t identify the vital signs behind walls with accurate working. Therefore, a novel advance wall image tracking method is required identification of human target. An experimental study on through the wallimaging (TWI) to detect the life signs using sweep frequency continuous wave radar (SFCWR) is explained in this paper. The proposed system consists of agilent vector network analyzer (VNA) (Agilent E5071B ENA), horn antenna and a computer. The information of heart beat and the breathing can be a shift identification routine was used to collect information from the back scattering electric current. The outcomes of the procedure give the information of heart beat and breathing signs of real human being.</p>

scholarly journals Development of real-time Internet of Things motion detection platform applying non-contact sensor based on open source hardware

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014772094402
Author(s):  
Jung Woo Kim ◽  
Sang Hun Sul ◽  
Jae Boong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Motion Recovery ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Contact Sensor ◽  
Open Source Hardware

Recently, Internet-based devices have evolved into platforms for new networks, with Internet of Things technology being applied in various areas. The expansion of scope of this technology and exchange of real-time information enables users to check their content whenever. The real-time Internet of Things motion detection platform has been developed to detect and monitor users in installed spaces. In this article, the real-time Internet of Things motion detection platform utilizes a non-contact sensor module and motion recovery printed circuit board module to quickly respond to emergency situations through real-time monitoring. This is visualized on the display by sending data extracted from the motion recovery printed circuit board module combined with open source hardware by the non-contact sensor module receiving information from smartphone users. The administrator’s display continuously analyzes real-time moving objects by detecting them with respect to location coordinates and providing automatically recognized data to the cloud server. In addition, real-time Internet of Things motion detection monitoring system was configured to quickly respond to real-time alerts and effectively manage problems. Therefore, installing real-time Internet of Things motion detection platform at an actual site will enable quick resolving of emergency situations through information provision and user awareness monitoring.

scholarly journals Contactless Real-Time Heartbeat Detection via 24 GHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Using Artificial Neural Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Malešević ◽  
Vladimir Petrović ◽  
Minja Belić ◽  
Christian Antfolk ◽  
Veljko Mihajlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

The measurement of human vital signs is a highly important task in a variety of environments and applications. Most notably, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a versatile signal that could indicate various physical and psychological conditions, from signs of life to complex mental states. The measurement of the ECG relies on electrodes attached to the skin to acquire the electrical activity of the heart, which imposes certain limitations. Recently, due to the advancement of wireless technology, it has become possible to pick up heart activity in a contactless manner. Among the possible ways to wirelessly obtain information related to heart activity, methods based on mm-wave radars proved to be the most accurate in detecting the small mechanical oscillations of the human chest resulting from heartbeats. In this paper, we presented a method based on a continuous-wave Doppler radar coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) to detect heartbeats as individual events. To keep the method computationally simple, the ANN took the raw radar signal as input, while the output was minimally processed, ensuring low latency operation (<1 s). The performance of the proposed method was evaluated with respect to an ECG reference (“ground truth”) in an experiment involving 21 healthy volunteers, who were sitting on a cushioned seat and were refrained from making excessive body movements. The results indicated that the presented approach is viable for the fast detection of individual heartbeats without heavy signal preprocessing.

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