Internetsuchmaschinen in der unionskartellrechtlichen Missbrauchskontrolle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Zinndorf
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Economic Dynamic ◽  
Internet Search Engine ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
Definition Of

This work deals with one of the central questions with regard to the application of competition law to markets of the internet economy: To what extent can the prohibition of the abuse of market power according to Art. 102 TFEU be applied to innovative markets like the internet search engine market? The challenges which the law faces in this context due to the special economic dynamic have not yet been thoroughly analysed. The study sheds light on the definition of the relevant markets and the important economic characteristics (indirect positive network effects in particular). On this basis, the work focuses on the preferential treatment of proprietary services and content (vertical integration) as potential abusive behaviour with reference to the essential facilities doctrine and unlawful tying.

Internetkartellrecht

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupprecht Podszun ◽  
Marius Leber
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Economics ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
New Business ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
New Business Models

Technologie- und innovationsgetriebene Märkte stellen Kartellbehörden und Gerichte vor immer neue Herausforderungen. Kaum eine Branche ist in den vergangenen zehn bis fünfzehn Jahren so stark gewachsen wie der Onlinehandel. Für die Internetökonomie gelten dabei ganz eigene Regeln: Die Märkte sind oftmals mehrseitig und durch starke Netzwerkeffekte geprägt. Innovation und Information sind die entscheidenden Wettbewerbsparameter. Der Markt entwickelt sich rasant und bringt laufend neue Geschäftsmodelle hervor; die Online-Player agieren zumeist global und verzichten zunehmend auf Intermediäre. Die Autoren beleuchten die Internetökonomie aus kartellrechtlicher Sicht und skizzieren die deutsche und europäische Entscheidungspraxis der letzten Jahre aus den Bereichen Zusammenschlusskontrolle, Kartellverbot und Missbrauchsaufsicht anhand einiger richtungsweisender Fälle. Neben einer wettbewerbspolitischen Einordnung des Fallmaterials wirft der Beitrag einige Schlaglichter auf den Paradigmenwechsel bei der Kartellrechtsanwendung in der Digitalwirtschaft. Neben dem Aufbrechen von Innovationsschranken und Pfadabhängigkeiten gehört eine Auflösung zu eng gesteckter Märkte sowie die Offenhaltung für technische Entwicklungen zu den wesentlichen Eckpfeilern einer zukunftsorientierten Kartellrechtsanwendung. In der Internetökonomie kommt dem Hayek’schen „Wettbewerb als Entdeckungsverfahren“ eine ungeahnte Aktualität zu. Technology and innovation-driven markets pose a challenge for competition authorities and courts. There is hardly any sector that has grown as much in recent years as e-commerce. The Internet sector has its own rationale: Markets are often multi-sided and shaped by strong network effects. Innovation and information become important competitive parameters. Online markets evolve at a fast pace and yield myriad of new business models. Most of the online players operate on a global level and cut out intermediaries or distributors. The authors examine the Internet economy from a competition law perspective by means of a sample of landmark rulings of German and European courts and authorities. They evaluate the cases in terms of competition policy and define the paradigms for a future-oriented application of competition law in digital markets. In Internet economics Hayek’s „competition as a discovery procedure“ gains a new momentum.”

scholarly journals Digitale Marktmacht

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Volmar
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Eu

The ascending economic and political influence of the internet platforms of the 21st century has sparked a debate about the adequate regulation of these “tech titans”. At the heart of this discussion is competition law – the field of law that was created to tame dominant companies. But when does a company truly hold such a “dominant position”? The definition of this fundamental competition law term faces numerous challenges when applied to digital platforms, from zero-price markets to the multi-sidedness of business models. This book dismantles the term into its components and shows where the methodology needs to adapt to the digital economy. In doing so, it considers the legal regimes of Germany, the EU and the US, as well as findings from legal economics.

Analysis of integrated development of digital economy with the Heilongjiang Province’s cross-border E-commerce with Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Song Linlin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Comparative Advantages

Since the establishment of the China (Heilongjiang) pilot free trade zone, the development of cross-border e-commerce with Russia has continued to increase speed and quality. With its geographical advantages and its comparative advantages in the Internet field, Heilongjiang Province promoted the rapid development of the Internet economy in Russia, fostered a new digital trade format represented by cross-border e-commerce, and promoted online and offline collaborative promotion of customs clearance logistics and financial services. The paper expounds foundation and development status of Heilongjiang Province’s cross-border e-commerce, analyzes in integrated development of digital economy with the Heilongjiang Province’s cross-border e-commerce with Russia, and further puts forward prospects and recommendations.

Understanding the Functions of Jurisdictional Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter takes us into the domain of legal theory and legal philosophy as it places the questions of Internet jurisdiction in a broader theoretical, and indeed philosophical, context. Indeed, it goes as far as to (1) present a definition of what is law, (2) discuss what are the law’s tools, and (3) to describe the roles of law. In addition, it provides distinctions important for how we understand the role of jurisdictional rules both in private international law and in public international law as traditionally defined. Furthermore, it adds law reform tools by introducing and discussing the concept of ‘market sovereignty’ based on ‘market destroying measures’––an important concept for solving the Internet jurisdiction puzzle.

scholarly journals Training of a future social professional for the formation of safe adolescent behavior in social networks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Safe Behavior ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes different approaches to the definition of «social networks» as technological complexes of organization and management of electronic information exchange among the subjects of social relations, united by common interests, information needs and skills. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature the essential characteristics of social networks that affect the formation and development of the adolescent's personality are revealed. Role of social networks at the present stage of development of society, which is manifested in the representation of interests not only of social groups but also of entire social groups, is defined in the article. The negative impact of social networks on the personality of the adolescent, which is manifested in the expansion of adolescents in cyberspace, the desire for independence and adulthood, selfexperimentation, which leads to risky activities both on the Internet and in real life are revealed. Concept of safe behavior in social networks as a set of actions of the individual when using the Internet, helping to meet the needs and at the same time prevent the possibility of causing damage to physical, mental, social well-being and property of man and others is analyzed. The basic rules of safe behavior in social Internet communities are highlighted. The structural components of safe behavior of adolescents in social networks are singled out: cognitive, motivational and actionreflexive; the concept of «professional training of future social professionals for the formation of safe behavior of adolescents in social networks» is revealed. Readiness is revealed as a result of the process of training future social specialists for professional activity on the formation of safe behavior of adolescents in social networks; the author's definition of the concept «readiness of future social professionals to form safe behavior of adolescents in social networks» is given. Components of readiness of future social workers to form safe behavior of teenagers in social networks, such as cognitive, motivational-personal and activity, are described.

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