Review of The Age of Algorithms by Serge Abiteboul and Gilles Dowek

This book is about algorithms and their enormous influence on people in the current age. Algorithms are precise sets of rules to solve problems. They are ubiquitous and have a great effect on the lives of contemporary people, primarily due to technological advancement. A common example is searching for information using an Internet search engine such as Google. This book is not technical in nature and was first published in French as Le Temps des Algorithmes, by ´ Editions Le Pommier in 2020. The authors Serge Abiteboul and Gilles Dowek are computer scientists, with Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Rocquencourt and ´ Ecole Normale Sup´erieure, Paris respectively. They believe that algorithms have made life easier, nevertheless, they dread that algorithms may subjugate humans. This book is intended to serve as an eye-opener on the impact of algorithms on daily life.

PENGETAHUAN LITERASI DIGITAL TERHADAP DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE MEWUJUDKAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA UNGGUL PADA ERA INTERNET OF THINGS

Meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang digital surveillance merupaka salah satu faktor penting dalam mendukung ketahanan nasional maupun kekuatan ekonomi Indonesia. Dampak digital surveillance memang tidak langsung terhimbas pada pengguna internet di Indonesia. Penyedia layanan internet (search engine, media sosial, personal messanger) melakukan transaksi sebagai sarana monetisasi perusahaan dengan menggunakan istilah surveillance capitalism. Melalui program literasi digital melakukan pendampingan bagi calon lulusan SMK N 1 Bandar Lampung jurusan teknik komputer jaringan untuk memberi pemahaman dan pengatahuan tentang proses dan damapak dari digital surveillance. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pendampingan para peserta melalui pelatihan, pemetaan pengetahuan terhadap teknologi internet yang jika selama ini mereka mendapatkan materi belajar tentang mereka yang teknologi internet. Melalui program pengabdian ini mereka lebih bijaksana dalam penggunaan dan pengembangan rekayasa teknologi internet dan dapat memberikan informasi kepada mereka persalahan internet tidak hanya sekedar tentang hoax, media addiction, cyber-bullying, cyber-crime, cyber-porn tetapi permasalahan yang dipicu oleh platform digital.

Detecting epidemiological relevance among adenoid hypertrophy, rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis through Internet search

Purpose : This study aimed to verify that adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and rhinosinusitis share similar epidemiologic patterns and that AH and allergic rhinitis (AR) are not related. Methods: Internet search engine query data from January 2011 to December 2019 were retrieved from the Baidu index. Monthly search volume was obtained in China for the following search terms in Chinese: “adenoid hypertrophy,” “rhinosinusitis,” and “allergic rhinitis”; the data obtained were then presented as percentages. Pearson’s and Spearman’ s correlation coefficients were used to detect the correlation among the search volumes of AH, rhinosinusitis, and AR. We also collected search data from the first 5 months of 2020, when segregation was implemented in China due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Then, we compared the search data to those obtained during the same period in 2019 to detect the effects of segregation on AH and AR to varying degrees. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the search variations of AH and rhinosinusitis during 2011–2019 (R=0.643, P<0.05). However, search variations of AH and AR were negatively related (R=-0.239, P<0.05). The average monthly search volume of AH and rhinosinusitis correlated well (R=0.836, P<0.01), but no correlation was found between AH and AR. The search volume of AH and rhinosinusitis during the first 5 months in 2020 decreased, whereas that of AR increased during January–February. Conclusions: AH and rhinosinusitis are epidemiologically related, whereas AH and AR are not correlated with each other.

Źródła do badań genealogicznych w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau

The text is an attempt to create a mini-guide for genealogists looking for information about people who were prisoners of the former Nazi and German death camp KL Auschwitz-Birkenau. The article presents the most important groups of documents that may be useful in genealogical research. In addition, the basic search methods are also presented: from an internet search engine and collective studies to archival sources.

Real-World Evidence on the Effect of Missing an Oral Contraceptive Dose: Analysis of Internet Search Engine Queries

Background Oral contraceptives (OCs) are a unique chronic medication with which a memory slip may result in a threat that could change a person’s life course. Subjective concerns of missed OC doses among women have been addressed infrequently. Anonymized queries to internet search engines provide unique access to concerns and information gaps faced by a large number of internet users. Objective We aimed to quantitate the frequency of queries by women seeking information in an internet search engine, after missing one or more doses of an OC; their further queries on emergency contraception, abortion, and miscarriage; and their rate of reporting a pregnancy timed to the cycle of missing an OC. Methods We extracted all English-language queries submitted to Bing in the United States during 2018, which mentioned a missed OC and subsequent queries of the same users on miscarriage, abortion, emergency contraceptives, and week of pregnancy. Results We identified 26,395 Bing users in the United States who queried about missing OC pills and the fraction that further queried about miscarriage, abortion, emergency contraceptive, and week of pregnancy. Users under the age of 30 years who asked about forgetting an OC dose were more likely to ask about abortion (1.5 times) and emergency contraception (1.7 times) (P<.001 for both), while users at ages of 30-34 years were more likely to query about pregnancy (2.1 times) and miscarriage (5.4 times) (P<.001 for both). Conclusions Our data indicate that many women missing a dose of OC might not have received sufficient information from their health care providers or chose to obtain it online. Queries about abortion and miscarriage peaking in the subsequent days indicate a common worry of possible pregnancy. These results reinforce the importance of providing comprehensive written information on missed pills when prescribing an OC.

Real-World Evidence on the Effect of Missing an Oral Contraceptive Dose: Analysis of Internet Search Engine Queries (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives (OCs) are a unique chronic medication with which a memory slip may result in a threat that could change a person’s life course. Subjective concerns of missed OC doses among women have been addressed infrequently. Anonymized queries to internet search engines provide unique access to concerns and information gaps faced by a large number of internet users. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantitate the frequency of queries by women seeking information in an internet search engine, after missing one or more doses of an OC; their further queries on emergency contraception, abortion, and miscarriage; and their rate of reporting a pregnancy timed to the cycle of missing an OC. METHODS We extracted all English-language queries submitted to Bing in the United States during 2018, which mentioned a missed OC and subsequent queries of the same users on miscarriage, abortion, emergency contraceptives, and week of pregnancy. RESULTS We identified 26,395 Bing users in the United States who queried about missing OC pills and the fraction that further queried about miscarriage, abortion, emergency contraceptive, and week of pregnancy. Users under the age of 30 years who asked about forgetting an OC dose were more likely to ask about abortion (1.5 times) and emergency contraception (1.7 times) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for both), while users at ages of 30-34 years were more likely to query about pregnancy (2.1 times) and miscarriage (5.4 times) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that many women missing a dose of OC might not have received sufficient information from their health care providers or chose to obtain it online. Queries about abortion and miscarriage peaking in the subsequent days indicate a common worry of possible pregnancy. These results reinforce the importance of providing comprehensive written information on missed pills when prescribing an OC.

Internetsuchmaschinen in der unionskartellrechtlichen Missbrauchskontrolle

This work deals with one of the central questions with regard to the application of competition law to markets of the internet economy: To what extent can the prohibition of the abuse of market power according to Art. 102 TFEU be applied to innovative markets like the internet search engine market? The challenges which the law faces in this context due to the special economic dynamic have not yet been thoroughly analysed. The study sheds light on the definition of the relevant markets and the important economic characteristics (indirect positive network effects in particular). On this basis, the work focuses on the preferential treatment of proprietary services and content (vertical integration) as potential abusive behaviour with reference to the essential facilities doctrine and unlawful tying.