scholarly journals The Use of Gamma Irradiation in Plant Mutation Breeding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz ◽  
Mustafa Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mutation Breeding

scholarly journals Chronic Gamma Irradiation Changes Phenotype and Gene Expression Partially Transmitted to Next-Generation Tomato Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
Yeong Deuk Jo ◽  
Jae-In Chun ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
And Control

Compared to the studies on acute irradiation of seeds, fewer studies have reported on the chronic irradiation of seedlings, especially in fruit-bearing vegetables. We examined the effects of chronic gamma irradiation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’) seedlings exposed to gamma rays (50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy) for 4 weeks. As the total dose of gamma rays increased, leaf length, trichome density, and seed number were reduced in the irradiated seedlings (M1). Additionally, a change in fruit shape was observed. Chronic gamma irradiation reduced the expression of two trichome-related genes and affected the expression levels of 11 reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. We examined the transmittance of these effects using M2 plants. The trichome density and fruit shape were similar between M2 and control plants; however, a reduction in leaf length and seed number was detected in M2 plants. Interestingly, changes in the expression of four ROS-related genes (ZAT10, Mn-SOD, POD3, and RBOH1) found in M1 were detected in M2 plants. Thus, the changes in phenotype and gene expression induced by chronic gamma irradiation were transmitted to the next generation. Additionally, we found novel mutants from M2 plants, suggesting that chronic gamma irradiation may be considered in tomato mutation breeding.

scholarly journals Probit Analysis to Determine of the Most Appropriate Dose of Gamma Irradiation in Wheat Mutation Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Saeed Bagherikia ◽  
Mohammadhadi Pahlevani ◽  
Saeed Bagherikia ◽  
Khalil Zenalinezhad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Probit Analysis

scholarly journals Mutation breeding of Glebionis coronalia by exposing gamma irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Motohashi ◽  
Hideo Umemuro ◽  
Toshio Takyu ◽  
Yorimichi Sato ◽  
Katsuhiko Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mutation Breeding

scholarly journals Germination, Growth and Yield Performance of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Under Gamma Irradiation Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ali ◽  
Z. Muhammad ◽  
R. Ullah ◽  
A. Majeed ◽  
N. Inayat
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Abstract Gamma irradiation is a widely manipulated mutation breeding approach in agriculture for producing crops with desired agronomic traits. The technique is particularly advantageous to conventional breeding methods because of minimal labor and time requirement. Under laboratory and field experiments during 2013, seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. were irradiated with 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 krad of gamma irradiation doses from Co-60 source for evaluating their effects on germination, seedling survival, radicle and plumule lengths, vegetative growth and productivity. It was noted that radiation doses caused significant changes in the studied traits of test plant. Germination, radicle and plumule lengths in lab study while shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area, number of fruits plant−1, number of seeds fruit−1, husk weight fruit−1, number of branches plant−1, fresh and dry biomass and moisture content of shoots under pot culture varied significantly under the applied radiation stress. In general, radiation doses up to 8 kr had stimulatory effects on the studied parameters while doses exceeding 8 kr negatively influenced germination, growth and productive attributes of flax. Results observed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the irradiation doses. The study suggests that radiation doses above 32 krad induced lethal effects on general growth of flax.

The Relationship of the Efficiency of Energy Conversion Into Growth as an Indicator for the Determination of the Optimal Dosage for Mutation Breeding With the Appearance of Chromosomal Bridges, Ring Chromosomes, Micronuclei and Incomplete Mitosis After Gamma Irradiation of Kernels of Triticum Turgidum Ssp. Durum L. Cultivar Orania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EBEN VON WELL ◽  
ANNABEL FOSSEY ◽  
MARDÉ BOOYSE
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Irradiation Dosage ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract BackgroundA 50% growth reduction of seedling height (GR50) after acute gamma irradiation of dormant kernels is widely used as a measure of irradiation damage to obtain the ideal irradiation dosage for mutation breeding. It became clear in recent years that the GR50 is not sensitive enough to predict the ideal gamma irradiation dosage for mutation breeding and it predicts a value that is higher than ideal. The study aim was to determine whether root, shoot and seedling growth on the one side and the efficiency of energy conversion into growth on the other are measuring different growth retardation effects of gamma irradiation that are the result of DNA damage (bridges, ring chromosomes, micronuclei, incomplete mitosis) in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum. If the efficiency of energy conversion into growth is measuring different effects, the usefulness of efficiency of energy conversion into growth to predict the optimal dosage for mutation breeding will be investigated. ResultsThe kernels were gamma irradiated from 50 - 350 Gy using a 60Cobalt source. The kernels were left to germinate and grow for a period of 132 hours for the shoot and root growth and the efficiency of energy conversion into growth determination and for a period of 47.5 hours for the determination of the number of bridges, ring chromosomes, micronuclei and incomplete mitosis. The control differed highly significantly from 50 Gy and higher dosages and from 250 Gy and higher dosages for root and shoot growth respectively and from 250 Gy for the efficiency of energy conversion into growth. There was a highly significant increase in the number of bridges and micronuclei between 50 Gy and 150 Gy together with the higher irradiation dosages and only from 250 Gy for the ring chromosomes and interphase cells with incomplete mitosis. Root and seedling growth on the one hand and the efficiency of energy conversion into growth on the other were found to be measuring different effects of gamma irradiation on plant growth. ConclusionThe optimal dosage for mutation breeding was determined by making use of the efficiency of energy conversion into growth.

Studies on mutation breeding in citrus: Improving seedless types of ‘Kozan’ common orange by gamma irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 109857
Author(s):  
Berken Cimen ◽  
Turgut Yesiloglu ◽  
Meral Incesu ◽  
Bilge Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mutation Breeding

scholarly journals Irradiation effect on in vitro organogenesis, callus growth and plantlet development of Gerbera jamesonii

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor A Hasbullah ◽  
Rosna M Taha ◽  
Azani Saleh ◽  
Noraini Mahmad
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Callus Tissues

The present work was carried out to study the effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of explants, callus and the formation of shoots and plantlets. Irradiation is known to exhibit or inhibit the differentiation of cells and growth of plants in vitro, which helps in producing new plant varieties. Gamma irradiation is one of the physical mutagens that are widely used for mutation breeding. A gradual decline was observed in the number of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explants compared to control. Numbers of shoots regenerated from irradiated petiole explant cultured on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA was reduced to 6.6±0.9 from 7.5±0.4 (control) when explants were exposed to 20 Gray of irradiation dose. Similar observation was reported on effects of gamma irradiation on in vitro propagated plantlets. Gradual decline was observed based on plant height as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. A significant decline was observed in the fresh weight of irradiated callus compared to control. In this case, growth responses of callus were strongly influenced by the radiation dose. The fresh weight of callus was reduced to 76.4±2.2% compared to 89.7±0.5% of control when callus tissues were exposed to 20 Gy.

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