scholarly journals Germ Cell Specification: The Evolution of a Recipe to Make Germ Cells

Germ Cell ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritesh Krishnakumar ◽  
Roland Dosch
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Specification

scholarly journals C. elegans Anillin proteins regulate intercellular bridge stability and germline syncytial organization

2014 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Amini ◽  
Eugénie Goupil ◽  
Sara Labella ◽  
Monique Zetka ◽  
Amy S. Maddox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Intercellular Bridge ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Intercellular Bridges ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Specification

Cytokinesis generally produces two separate daughter cells, but in some tissues daughter nuclei remain connected to a shared cytoplasm, or syncytium, through incomplete cytokinesis. How syncytia form remains poorly understood. We studied syncytial formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, in which germ cells connect to a shared cytoplasm core (the rachis) via intercellular bridges. We found that syncytial architecture initiates early in larval development, and germ cells become progressively interconnected until adulthood. The short Anillin family scaffold protein ANI-2 is enriched at intercellular bridges from the onset of germ cell specification, and ANI-2 loss resulted in destabilization of intercellular bridges and germ cell multinucleation defects. These defects were partially rescued by depleting the canonical Anillin ANI-1 or blocking cytoplasmic streaming. ANI-2 is also required for elastic deformation of the gonad during ovulation. We propose that ANI-2 promotes germ cell syncytial organization and allows for compensation of the mechanical stress associated with oogenesis by conferring stability and elasticity to germ cell intercellular bridges.

Great migration: epigenetic reprogramming and germ cell-oocyte metamorphosis determine individual ovarian reserve

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Celik ◽  
Banu Kumbak Aygun ◽  
Nilufer Celik ◽  
Suleyman Aydin ◽  
Esra Tustas Haberal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Yolk Sack

AbstractEmigration is defined as a synchronized movement of germ cells between the yolk sack and genital ridges. The miraculous migration of germ cells resembles the remigration of salmon traveling from one habitat to other. This migration of germ cells is indispensible for the development of new generations. It is not, however, clear why germ cells differentiate during migration but not at the place of origin. In order to escape harmful somatic signals which might disturb the proper establishment of germ cells forced germ cell migration may be necessary. Another reason may be to benefit from the opportunities of new habitats. Therefore, emigration may have powerful effects on the population dynamics of the immigrant germ cells. While some of these cells do reach their target, some others die or reach to wrong targets. Only germ cell precursors with genetically, and structurally powerful can reach their target. Likewise, epigenetic reprogramming in both migratory and post-migratory germ cells is essential for the establishment of totipotency. During this journey some germ cells may sacrifice themselves for the goodness of the others. The number and quality of germ cells reaching the genital ridge may vary depending on the problems encountered during migration. If the aim in germ cell specification is to provide an optimal ovarian reserve for the continuity of the generation, then this cascade of events cannot be only accomplished at the same level for every one but also are manifested by several outcomes. This is significant evidence supporting the possibility of unique individual ovarian reserve.

scholarly journals Specification of germ cell fate in mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1436) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitinori Saitou ◽  
Bernhard Payer ◽  
Ulrike C. Lange ◽  
Sylvia Erhardt ◽  
Sheila C. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Germ Cell Specification

An early fundamental event during development is the segregation of germ cells from somatic cells. In many organisms, this is accomplished by the inheritance of preformed germ plasm, which apparently imposes transcriptional repression to prevent somatic cell fate. However, in mammals, pluripotent epiblast cells acquire germ cell fate in response to signalling molecules. We have used single cell analysis to study how epiblast cells acquire germ cell competence and undergo specification. Germ cell competent cells express Fragilis and initially progress towards a somatic mesodermal fate. However, a subset of these cells, the future primordial germ cells (PGCs), then shows rapid upregulation of Fragilis with concomitant transcriptional repression of a number of genes, including Hox and Smad genes. This repression may be a key event associated with germ cell specification. Furthermore, PGCs express Stella and other genes, such as Oct – 4 that are associated with pluripotency. While these molecules are also detected in mature oocytes as maternally inherited factors, their early role is to regulate development and maintain pluripotency, and they do not serve the role of classical germline determinants.

scholarly journals Primordial Germ Cell Specification and Migration

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Zygotic Transcription ◽  
Germ Cell Specification ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Insight Into

Primordial germ cells are the progenitor cells that give rise to the gametes. In some animals, the germline is induced by zygotic transcription factors, whereas in others, primordial germ cell specification occurs via inheritance of maternally provided gene products known as germ plasm. Once specified, the primordial germ cells of some animals must acquire motility and migrate to the gonad in order to survive. In all animals examined, perinuclear structures called germ granules form within germ cells. This review focuses on some of the recent studies, conducted by several groups using diverse systems, from invertebrates to vertebrates, which have provided mechanistic insight into the molecular regulation of germ cell specification and migration.

scholarly journals To Be or Not to Be a Germ Cell: The Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5982
Author(s):  
Massimo De Felici ◽  
Francesca Gioia Klinger ◽  
Federica Campolo ◽  
Carmela Rita Balistreri ◽  
Marco Barchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Specification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Cell

In the human embryo, the genetic program that orchestrates germ cell specification involves the activation of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that make the germline a unique cell population continuously poised between germness and pluripotency. Germ cell tumors, neoplasias originating from fetal or neonatal germ cells, maintain such dichotomy and can adopt either pluripotent features (embryonal carcinomas) or germness features (seminomas) with a wide range of phenotypes in between these histotypes. Here, we review the basic concepts of cell specification, migration and gonadal colonization of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) highlighting the analogies of transcriptional/epigenetic programs between these two cell types.

scholarly journals Not All H3K4 Methylations Are Created Equal: Mll2/COMPASS Dependency in Primordial Germ Cell Specification

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-475.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Hu ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Kaixiang Cao ◽  
Marc A. Morgan ◽  
Gloria Mas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Specification

Germ Cell Specification in Mice

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 316 (5823) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayashi ◽  
S. M. C. de Sousa Lopes ◽  
M. A. Surani
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Germ Cell Specification

SET domain-containing protein 5 is required for expression of primordial germ cell specification-associated genes in murine embryonic stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Eun Yu ◽  
Min Seong Kim ◽  
Su Hyung Park ◽  
Byong Chul Yoo ◽  
Kyung Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Set Domain ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Specification
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