scholarly journals Introductory Chapter: Communication, Education, and Internationalization - Paths and Possibilities of the Systems in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gilson Rebouças Porto Junior
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Communication Education

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hybrid War

This introductory chapter outlines the core argument of the book: that as Russia ramped up its hybrid war on the West starting around 2007, politics in Western countries has become more similar to politics in the vulnerable “lands in between.” Russia’s hybrid war on the West has contributed to political polarization by promoting extremist parties and creating a sense that every election presents voters with a “civilizational choice” between Russia and the West or authoritarianism and democracy. Paradoxically, many of the leaders that rise to the top in these conditions are those who find ways to profit from both sides. They benefit from the sponsorship of pro-Russia and pro-Western interests to enrich themselves in the process. The plan of this book is simple. It starts with exploring the nature of Russia’s hybrid war on the West and the West’s delayed response. Then it shows how this conflict shapes the politics of the lands in between, Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union, and core Western countries.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Federico Fabbrini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Withdrawal Agreement of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). The Withdrawal Agreement, adopted on the basis of Article 50 Treaty on European Union (TEU), spells out the terms and conditions of the UK departure from the EU, including ground-breaking solutions to deal with the thorniest issues which emerged in the context of the withdrawal negotiations. Admittedly, the Withdrawal Agreement is only a part of the Brexit deal. The Agreement, in fact, is accompanied by a connected political declaration, which outlines the framework of future EU–UK relations. The chapter then offers a chronological summary of the process that led to the adoption of the Withdrawal Agreement, describing the crucial stages in the Brexit process — from the negotiations to the conclusion of a draft agreement and its rejection, to the extension and the participation of the UK to European Parliament (EP) elections, to the change of UK government and the ensuing constitutional crisis, to the new negotiations with the conclusion of a revised agreement, new extension, and new UK elections eventually leading to the departure of the UK from the EU.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Frank Schimmelfennig ◽  
Thomas Winzen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Differentiated Integration ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Reform Debate

The concept of differentiated integration has become a cornerstone of the debate on the reform and future of the European Union. This chapter introduces key concerns in this debate including the view that deeper integration will require greater differentiation and the fear that this will put the EU on a slippery slope towards ‘ever looser union’ and ‘two-class membership’. This introductory chapter summarizes the book’s arguments about the EU reform debate and differentiated integration. Among others, it states that differentiated integration has not produced ‘ever looser union’ but has been predominantly ‘multi-speed’ differentiation. Whereas differentiation has facilitated European integration under conditions of increasing international heterogeneity, it is an obstacle towards European solidarity and the consolidation of integration. It concludes with an overview of the chapters.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Adrian Briggs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Law And Legislation

This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the effect of the unexecuted decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. If the United Kingdom were to withdraw on the terms approved by Parliament, the resulting legal framework would, in principle, be that put in place by the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018. That is to say, on ‘Exit Day’, the European Communities Act 1972 will be repealed. This will, at a stroke, remove the legal basis upon which a substantial body of private international law takes effect in the legal order of the United Kingdom. The chapter then sets out the book’s focus, which is the conflict of laws, followed by discussions of the common law’s conception of private international law and legislation establishing private international law as European law.

1. Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter traces the development of the European Union. Since its inception in 1952, the EU has matured and developed from a Community of like-minded states into a Union of a greater diversity of states, with a comprehensive legal system which is increasingly penetrating the national legal systems of Member States. From the six original members, the EU now counts 27 Member States. Eleven of the thirteen newer Member States are in Central and Eastern Europe, and have discarded their old Communist regimes, turning into democracies with the qualifications to join the Union. The latest developments and changes, including Brexit and the effects of Covid-19, are also discussed.

1 Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazzini Renato
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Legal Perspective

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Article 102, which prohibits any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the internal market. It is a fundamental element of the economic law of the European Union. However, its objective and scope are undefined. Only once the objective has been identified, can the legal tests for dominance and abuse be understood and developed consistently with the teleological hermeneutics that the case law mandates. This book then adopts an integrated and holistic approach to the analysis of the objective and the tests of Article 102, examines the objective and principles of Article 102 within the framework of the Treaties, and analyses Article 102 not only from a legal perspective but also under the lens of economics.

1. Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter traces the development of the European Union. Since its inception in 1952 the EU has matured and developed from a Community of like-minded States into a Union of a greater diversity of states, with a comprehensive legal system which is increasingly penetrating the national legal systems of Member States. From the six original members, the EU now counts 28 Member States, after Croatia’s recent accession. Eleven of the thirteen States which have joined in the last decade are in Central and Eastern Europe and have discarded their old Communist regimes, turning into democracies with the qualifications to join the Union.

1. Constitutional History

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-40
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
European Constitution

This introductory chapter assesses whether there is a European constitution. When examined in the light of the broader historical tradition, the European Union has a constitution. And this view firmly corresponds to the self-understanding of the European legal order. The ‘real’ problem of the European Union is not whether there is a European constitution, but rather that there is ‘too much constitutional law’; the European Treaties alone contain 413 articles. Length is unfortunately not the only problem of the European constitution, for unlike more mature legal orders, the European constitutional order still struggles with its ‘vocabulary’. The semantic confusions are partly the result of the constant legal revolutions within the European Union. This book then aims to reflect the judicial and legislative practice of the Union as at October 31, 2020. It provides a guide through the most important theories and realities of the European Union law.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Finke ◽  
Thomas König ◽  
Sven-Oliver Proksch ◽  
George Tsebelis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Error Process

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to study the reform of the European Union, which has been regularly attempted since the mid-1980s with little success. Reform has become even more necessary due to enlargements that integrated twelve countries from Eastern and Southern Europe and brought the total number of EU countries to twenty-seven. The main reason for the slow rate of change was the opposition to far-reaching institutional reform from a minority of political leaders. Ultimately, reform was achieved by a lengthy and complex trial and error process. This book shows how political leaders pushing for reform were capable of controlling this process. The remainder of the chapter discusses the major obstacles to reform, the approach used in the present study, followed by an overview of the subsequent chapters.

Part I Introduction, 1 Overview of EU Antitrust Procedure: Legal Framework, Institutional Design, and Decision-Making Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunningham Monica ◽  
Gerard Damien ◽  
Rousseva Ekaterina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the procedure governing the application of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) or the ‘antitrust rules’. The EU antitrust procedural rules are the tools that enable enforcement of the EU substantive antitrust rules. At top of the hierarchy of rules governing EU antitrust enforcement are the procedural rules set out in the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and TFEU. Article 103 TFEU defines the type of legal acts that the EU institutions should adopt in order to give effect of the principles set out in the substantive provisions. Article 104 TFEU defines the duties of the Member State until such regulations are adopted, while Article 105 TFEU defines the scope of the power of the European Commission in the area of antitrust. Other general principles of law, such as proportionality and legal certainty, also form an integral part of EU antitrust procedural law.

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