scholarly journals Colloid Stability Influences on the Biological Organization and Functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camillo La Mesa ◽  
Gianfranco Risuleo
Keyword(s):  
Colloid Stability ◽  
Biological Organization

Introduction to Cell Membranes at Molecular Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
R.J. Barrnett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cellular Membranes ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
The Past

This subject, is like observing the panorama of a mountain range, magnificent towering peaks, but it doesn't take much duration of observation to recognize that they are still in the process of formation. The mountains consist of approaches, materials and methods and the rocky substance of information has accumulated to such a degree that I find myself concentrating on the foothills in the foreground in order to keep up with the advance; the edifices behind form a wonderous, substantive background. It's a short history for such an accumulation and much of it has been moved by the members of the societies that make up this International Federation. My panel of speakers are here to provide what we hope is an interesting scientific fare, based on the fact that there is a continuum of biological organization from biochemical molecules through macromolecular assemblies and cellular membranes to the cell itself. Indeed, this fact explains the whole range of towering peaks that have emerged progressively during the past 25 years.

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
System A ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Plant Plant

International Allelopathy Society has redefined Allelopathy as any process involving secondary metabolities produced by plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and viruses that influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological system; a study of the functions of secondary metabolities, their significance in biological organization, their evolutionary origin and elucidation of the mechanisms involving plant-plant, plant-microorganisms, plant-virus, plant-insect, plant-soil-plant interactions.

Biological Organization: A New Look at an Old Problem

BioScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Organization ◽  
New Look

HYDROGEOLOGY, MACRO- AND MICROFAUNA IN ISOLATED DESERT SPRINGS. ARE THERE SIMILAR PATTERNS IN THE BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Pordel ◽  
◽  
Ariel D. Friel ◽  
Zachary P. Meyers ◽  
Donald W. Sada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Organization ◽  
Desert Springs

scholarly journals Scarcity of scale-free topology is universal across biochemical networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison B. Smith ◽  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Sara I. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Organizing Principles

AbstractBiochemical reactions underlie the functioning of all life. Like many examples of biology or technology, the complex set of interactions among molecules within cells and ecosystems poses a challenge for quantification within simple mathematical objects. A large body of research has indicated many real-world biological and technological systems, including biochemistry, can be described by power-law relationships between the numbers of nodes and edges, often described as “scale-free”. Recently, new statistical analyses have revealed true scale-free networks are rare. We provide a first application of these methods to data sampled from across two distinct levels of biological organization: individuals and ecosystems. We analyze a large ensemble of biochemical networks including networks generated from data of 785 metagenomes and 1082 genomes (sampled from the three domains of life). The results confirm no more than a few biochemical networks are any more than super-weakly scale-free. Additionally, we test the distinguishability of individual and ecosystem-level biochemical networks and show there is no sharp transition in the structure of biochemical networks across these levels of organization moving from individuals to ecosystems. This result holds across different network projections. Our results indicate that while biochemical networks are not scale-free, they nonetheless exhibit common structure across different levels of organization, independent of the projection chosen, suggestive of shared organizing principles across all biochemical networks.

“The arrival of the fittest”: Toward a theory of biological organization

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W FONTANA ◽  
L BUSS
Keyword(s):  
Biological Organization

scholarly journals Historical evolutionary information in the traditional Linnean hierarchy

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 16-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Bambach ◽  
J. John Sepkoski
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

The first two ranks above the species level in the traditional Linnean hierarchy — the genus and family — are species based: genera have been erected to unify groups of morphologically similar, closely related species and families have been erected to group genera recognized as closely related because of the shared morphologic characteristics of their species. Diversity patterns of traditional genera and families thus appear congruent with those of species in (a) the Recent (e. g., latitudinal gradients in many groups), (b) compilations of all marine taxa for the entire Phanerozoic (including the stage level), (c) comparisons through time within individual taxa (e. g., Foraminifera, Rugosa, Conodonta), and (d) simulation studies. Genera and families often have a more robust fossil record of diversity than species, especially for poorly sampled groups (e. g., echinoids), because of the range-through record of these polytypic taxa. Simulation studies indicate that paraphyly among traditionally defined taxa is not a fatal problem for diversity studies; in fact, when degradation of the quality of the fossil record is modelled, both diversity and rates of origination and extinction are better represented by including paraphyletic taxa than by restricting data to monophyletic clades. This result underscores the utility of traditional rank-based analyses of the history of diversity.In contrast, the three higher ranks of the Linnean hierarchy — orders, classes and phyla — are defined and recognized by key character complexes assumed to be rooted deep in the developmental program and, therefore, considered to be of special significance. These taxa are unified on the basis of body plan and function, not species morphology. Even if paraphyletic, recognition of such taxa is useful because they represent different functional complexes that reflect biological organization and major evolutionary innovations, often with different ecological capacities. Phanerozoic diversity patterns of orders, classes and phyla are not congruent with those of lower taxa; the higher groups each increased rapidly in the early Paleozoic, during the explosive diversification of body plans in the Cambrian, and then remained stable or declined slightly after the Ordovician. The diversity history of orders superficially resembles that of lower taxa, but this is a result only of ordinal turnover among the Echinodermata coupled with ordinal radiation in the Chordata; it is not a highly damped signal derived from the diversity of species, genera, or families. Despite the stability of numbers among post-Ordovician Linnean higher taxa, the diversity of lower taxa within many of these Bauplan groups fluctuated widely, and these diversity patterns signal embedded ecologic information, such as differences in flexibility in filling or utilizing ecospace.Phylogenetic analysis is vital for understanding the origins and genealogical structure of higher taxa. Only in such fashion can convergence and its implications for ecological constraints and/or opportunities be understood. But blind insistence on the use of monophyletic classifications in all studies would obscure some of the important information contained in traditional taxonomic groupings. The developmental modifications that characterize Linnean higher taxa (and traditionally separate them from their paraphyletic ancestral taxa) provide keys to understanding the role of shifting ecology in macroevolutionary success.

The fuzzy structure of populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2235-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Schaefer ◽  
Chris C Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Multiple Clusters ◽  
Management And Conservation

The human perception of biological organization has profound implications for the study, management, and conservation of living things. Traditional methods of classification, which imply all-or-nothing group membership, are inconsistent with the modern synthesis, which stresses variability and unique individuals. We propose that fuzzy classification, which allows fractional membership in multiple clusters, can more realistically denote many forms of biological organization, such as populations. We used fuzzy clustering to depict the ambiguous structure of a migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herd, based on affinities in space use, and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) stocks, based on genetic dissimilarities among multilocus genotypes. In both cases, fuzzy memberships conveyed the degree of uncertainty of belonging while resolving cluster memberships for unambiguous and problematic individuals. Vagueness implies that borderline group identity cannot be remedied with more resolving power. Fuzzy classification is more in tune with the empirical and philosophical foundations of our discipline and can reconcile our need to classify with an inherently vague biological world.

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