scholarly journals Psuedomonas aeruginosa-Associated Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazish Mazhar Ali ◽  
Safia Rehman ◽  
Syed Abdullah Mazhar ◽  
Iram Liaqat ◽  
Bushra Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Opportunist Pathogen

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly successful in colonizing in all types of environments. P. aeruginosa colonizing in adverse environment due to the presence of its virulence factors include production of toxins, proteases hemolysins, and formation of biofilms. In man, the most common opportunist pathogen is P. aeruginosa. Metabolically P. aeruginosa is versatile. Most of the antibiotics targeted metabolically active cells and bacteria could contribute to decrease in biofilm susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents. Scientists suggested about Pseudomonas that it can be catabolized any hydrocarbon in specific time along with availability of oxygen and nitrite. If bacteria are not susceptible to one agent in three or more, it is called as multidrug-resistance strains. The antimicrobial treatments were not suitable when microorganism presented in vitro microorganism resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment of the patient which lack of treatment for 24 h after diagnosis of microbial infections. Bacteria have developed resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Treatment of Pseudomonas infections is coming harder day by day as its resistance against most of the antibiotics. Because of resistance of bacteria antibiotics, alternative methods are in consideration. These methods include use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and most recently nano-particles. That is why they are used as antibacterial agents.

Activities of Tobramycin and Six Other Antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2877-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribhi M. Shawar ◽  
David L. MacLeod ◽  
Richard L. Garber ◽  
Jane L. Burns ◽  
Jenny R. Stapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of tobramycin was compared with those of six other antimicrobial agents against 1,240 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from 508 patients with cystic fibrosis during pretreatment visits as part of the phase III clinical trials of tobramycin solution for inhalation. The tobramycin MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) and MIC90 were 1 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Tobramycin was the most active drug tested and also showed good activity against isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics. The isolates were less frequently resistant to tobramycin (5.4%) than to ceftazidime (11.1%), aztreonam (11.9%), amikacin (13.1%), ticarcillin (16.7%), gentamicin (19.3%), or ciprofloxacin (20.7%). For all antibiotics tested, nonmucoid isolates were more resistant than mucoid isolates. Of 56 isolates for which the tobramycin MIC was ≥16 μg/ml and that were investigated for resistance mechanisms, only 7 (12.5%) were shown to possess known aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes; the remaining were presumably resistant by an incompletely understood mechanism often referred to as “impermeability.”

Short versus prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy for patients with uncomplicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonsuk Bae ◽  
Yunseo Jeong ◽  
Seongman Bae ◽  
Min Jae Kim ◽  
Yong Pil Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (BSI) is unknown. We compared the outcomes of short and prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy in adults with uncomplicated pseudomonal BSI. Methods All patients with uncomplicated P. aeruginosa BSI admitted at a tertiary-care hospital from April 2010 to April 2020 were included. We compared the primary outcome (a composite of the rate of recurrent P. aeruginosa infection and mortality within 30 days after discontinuing antimicrobial therapy) among patients who underwent short (7‒11 days) and prolonged (12‒21 days) courses of antimicrobial therapy using propensity score analysis with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. Results We evaluated 1477 patients with P. aeruginosa BSI; of them, 290 met the eligibility criteria who received antimicrobial agents with in vitro activity, including 97 (33%) who underwent short-course therapy [median of 9 (IQR = 8‒11) days] and 193 (67%) who underwent prolonged-course therapy [median of 15 (IQR = 14‒18) days]. We found no significant difference in the risk of recurrence or 30 day mortality between the prolonged-course and short-course groups [n = 30 (16%) versus n = 11 (11%); IPTW-adjusted HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.34 − 1.36, P = 0.28]. The prolonged-course therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of the recurrence of P. aeruginosa infection within 180 days compared with short-course therapy [n = 37 (19%) versus n = 12 (12%); IPTW-adjusted HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.29 − 1.10, P = 0.09]. Conclusions Short-course antimicrobial therapy could be as effective as prolonged-course therapy for uncomplicated P. aeruginosa BSI.

Evaluation of in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam compared to other antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gherardi ◽  
Giulia Linardos ◽  
Arianna Pompilio ◽  
Ersilia Fiscarelli ◽  
Giovanni Di Bonaventura
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

scholarly journals Introduction of Ertapenem into a Hospital Formulary: Effect on Antimicrobial Usage and Improved In Vitro Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 5122-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Victoria Peraino ◽  
Tanya Elgourt ◽  
Anne R. Meibohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Community Teaching

ABSTRACT After ertapenem was added to the formulary of a 344-bed community teaching hospital, we retrospectively studied its effect on antimicrobial utilization and on the in vitro susceptibility of various antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three study periods were defined as preintroduction (months 1 to 9), postintroduction but before the autosubstitution of ertapenem for ampicillin-sulbactam (months 10 to 18), and after the policy of autosubstitution (months 19 to 48) was initiated. Ertapenem usage rose slowly from introduction to a range of 36 to 48 defined daily doses/1,000 patient days (DDD) with a resultant decrease in ampicillin-sulbactam usage due to autosubstitution. Imipenem usage peaked 6 months after the introduction of ertapenem and started to decline coincidently with the increased use of ertapenem. During the second period, imipenem usage decreased (slope = −1.28; P = 0.002). Prior to the introduction of ertapenem, the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to imipenem increased from 61 to 81% at month 7 but then decreased slightly to 67% at month 9. After the introduction of ertapenem, susceptibility continued to increase; the increasing trend was significant (slope = 1.74; P < 0.001). In the third period, the median susceptibility (interquartile range) was 88% (82 to 95%). This change appeared related to decreased imipenem usage. For every unit decrease in the monthly DDD of imipenem, there was an increase of 0.38% (P = 0.008) in the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to imipenem in the same month. Ertapenem was effective in our antimicrobial stewardship program and may have helped improve the P. aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility to imipenem by decreasing the unnecessary usage and selective pressure of antipseudomonal agents.

In-vitro susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas spp. to the new fluoroquinolones clinafloxacin and PD 131628 and nine other antimicrobial agents

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert S. Ford ◽  
Aldona L. Baltch ◽  
Raymond P. Smith ◽  
William Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Newer and Conventional Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fosfomycin and Colistin, against Selected Gram-Negative Bacilli in Kuwait

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadha Alfouzan ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
David Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

Limited data are available on susceptibilities of these organisms to some of the recently made accessible antimicrobial agents. The in vitro activities of newer antibiotics, such as, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) along with some “older” antibiotics, for example fosfomycin (FOS) and colistin (CL) were determined against selected strains (resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial agents) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microbroth dilution. 133 isolates: 46 E. coli, 39 K. pneumoniae, and 48 P. aeruginosa were tested. Results showed that E. coli isolates with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 4/32 μ g / mL for FOS; 0.25/32 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.25/8 μ g / mL for CZA, exhibited susceptibility rates of 95.7%, 97.8%, 76.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae strains with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 256/512 μ g / mL for FOS; 2/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.5/128 μ g / mL for CZA showed susceptibility rates of 92.3%, 7.7%, 51.3%, and 64.1%, respectively. P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC50/90, 1/1 μ g / mL for CL; 128/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 32/64 μ g / mL for CZA presented susceptibility rates of 97.9%, 33.3%, and 39.6%, respectively. Higher MICs were demonstrated against most of the antibiotics. However, CL retained efficacy at low MICs against most of the isolates tested.

scholarly journals A 1,000-Year-Old Antimicrobial Remedy with Antistaphylococcal Activity

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Harrison ◽  
Aled E. L. Roberts ◽  
Rebecca Gabrilska ◽  
Kendra P. Rumbaugh ◽  
Christina Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACT Plant-derived compounds and other natural substances are a rich potential source of compounds that kill or attenuate pathogens that are resistant to current antibiotics. Medieval societies used a range of these natural substances to treat conditions clearly recognizable to the modern eye as microbial infections, and there has been much debate over the likely efficacy of these treatments. Our interdisciplinary team, comprising researchers from both sciences and humanities, identified and reconstructed a potential remedy for Staphylococcus aureus infection from a 10th century Anglo-Saxon leechbook. The remedy repeatedly killed established S. aureus biofilms in an in vitro model of soft tissue infection and killed methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in a mouse chronic wound model. While the remedy contained several ingredients that are individually known to have some antibacterial activity, full efficacy required the combined action of several ingredients, highlighting the scholarship of premodern doctors and the potential of ancient texts as a source of new antimicrobial agents. IMPORTANCE While the antibiotic potential of some materials used in historical medicine has been demonstrated, empirical tests of entire remedies are scarce. This is an important omission, because the efficacy of “ancientbiotics” could rely on the combined activity of their various ingredients. This would lead us to underestimate their efficacy and, by extension, the scholarship of premodern doctors. It could also help us to understand why some natural compounds that show antibacterial promise in the laboratory fail to yield positive results in clinical trials. We have reconstructed a 1,000-year-old remedy which kills the bacteria it was designed to treat and have shown that this activity relies on the combined activity of several antimicrobial ingredients. Our results highlight (i) the scholarship and rational methodology of premodern medical professionals and (ii) the untapped potential of premodern remedies for yielding novel therapeutics at a time when new antibiotics are desperately needed.

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