scholarly journals Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii among Urinary Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein O.M. Al-Dahmoshi ◽  
Noor S.K. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Farah T. Al-Alaq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the opportunistic bacteria firstly related with the hospital acquired infection influencing primarily to weakening the patient in the ICU. It is sometimes transferred to the patient by transient colonization of hands of the workers of healthcare, and persistence on eco-surfaces. Acinetobacter baumannii inhalation aerosolized through endo-tracheal suctioning of the ventilated patient is widespread among ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP). It is infections mainly associated with ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP), community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and UTI (urinary tract infection). It is one of the prominent uropathogens problematic with antibiotic resistance especially carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). Their colonization of urinary tract and establishment of infection may attributed mainly to set of virulence factors like: Acinetobactin-assisted iron acquisition system, Bap (biofilm-related protein), phospholipase D, Ata (Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter), chaperone-usher type pilus (Csu), OmpA (outer membrane protein A), and Plasminogen-binding protein (CipA). The common drugs used for treatment Acinetobacter baumannii infections involve polymyxins, glycylcyclines, tetracyclines, mono-bactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal carbapenems, antipseudomonal cephalosporins, and sulbactam. The rates of MDR isolation or also comprehensively the resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are significantly increased and so the combination of two or more (colistin, tigecycline, or colistin-rifampicin combination therapy) drugs is sometimes used to treat infections of MDR-AB. As a conclusion the Acinetobacter baumannii engagement in urinary tract infections attributed mainly to their adhesins, invasins and intrinsic antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Recent advances in managing lower urinary tract infections

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. Traditionally, all symptomatic UTIs are tested and treated. The use of antibiotics has resulted in an antibiotic resistance crisis, and we have limited options for managing UTIs. Currently, we live in the era of antimicrobial resistance and may live in other eras like the era of the microbiome. New insights might provide an opportunity to prevent the overuse and misuse of antibiotics and could enable the development of innovate managing strategies.

scholarly journals Community- and Hospital-Acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae Urinary Tract Infections in Portugal: Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Caneiras ◽  
Luis Lito ◽  
José Melo-Cristino ◽  
Aida Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a clinically relevant pathogen and a frequent cause of hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) urinary tract infections (UTI). The increased resistance of this pathogen is leading to limited therapeutic options. To investigate the epidemiology, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profile of K. pneumoniae in urinary tract infections, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study for a total of 81 isolates (50 CA-UTI and 31 HA-UTI) in Portugal. The detection and characterization of resistance and virulence determinants were performed by molecular methods (PCR, PCR-based replicon typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST)). Out of 50 CA-UTI isolates, six (12.0%) carried β-lactamase enzymes, namely blaTEM-156 (n = 2), blaTEM-24 (n = 1), blaSHV-11 (n = 1), blaSHV-33 (n = 1), and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 1). All HA-UTI were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers and had a multidrug resistant profile as compared to the CA-UTI isolates, which were mainly resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. In conclusion, in contrast to community-acquired isolates, there is an overlap between virulence and multidrug resistance for hospital-acquired UTI K. pneumoniae pathogens. The study is the first to report different virulence characteristics for hospital and community K. pneumoniae pathogens, despite the production of β-lactamase and even with the presence of CTX-M-15 ESBL, a successful international ST15 clone, which were identified in both settings. This highlights that a focus on genomic surveillance should remain a priority in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Efficient and Cost-Effective Alternative Treatment for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Interstitial Cystitis in Women: A Two-Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Mansour ◽  
Essa Hariri ◽  
Samar Shelh ◽  
Ralph Irani ◽  
Mohamad Mroueh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting women. UTIs are primarily caused byEscherichia coli, which increases the likelihood of a recurrent infection. We encountered two cases of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) with a positiveE. coliculture, not improving with antibiotics due to the development of antibiotic resistance. An alternative therapeutic regimen based on parsley and garlic, L-arginine, probiotics, and cranberry tablets has been given. This regimen showed a significant health improvement and symptoms relief without recurrence for more than 12 months. In conclusion, the case supports the concept of using alternative medicine in treating rUTI and as a prophylaxis or in patients who had developed antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals A Proteomics Approach to Identify Possible Biomarkers of Early and Late Stages of E. coli-induced Urinary Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah E. Alsubhi ◽  
Ghadah S. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed A. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Protein A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
2D Gel ◽  
Polymerase Binding ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Late Stages

As one of the most common bacterial infections globally, urinary tract infections (UTI)s affect the bladder and kidneys of many the bladders and kidneys of many. Along with gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes nearly 40% of nosocomial UTIs, 25% of recurrent infections, and between 80 to 90% of community-acquired infections. Proteomics, commonly used to study changes in protein expression of organisms, can be used to explore candidate biomarkers useful for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. Here, protein profiles of samples from patients diagnosed with E. coli-induced UTI were compared to identify distinctive proteins. Extracted proteins from bacteria from patients’ urine samples were separated into excisable spots using 2D-gel electrophoresis. The gels were then analyzed using Progenesis SameSpot software to select uniquely expressed protein spots, excised, and analyzed by LC/MS. The results were then compared against a database of known proteins. We identified two proteins, outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor (DksA), involved in the survival of E. coli in the harsh environment of the host. We suggest their use as a part of a battery of possible biomarkers proteins for E. coli-induced UTI, and suggest that their overexpression is possibly associated with the stage of infection, early or late.

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