scholarly journals Simple Housing Solution Project: (Re) Building in Critical Situations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Di Gregorio ◽  
Gustavo Guimarães ◽  
Fernando Danziger ◽  
Graziella Jannuzzi ◽  
Eduardo Qualharini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Critical Situations ◽  
Help System

One of the significant challenges of recovery in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, among others) is the prompt and adequate housing (re)construction with scarce resources, and the affected population’s involvement. The Simple Housing Solution (SHS) project consists of a proposal for a methodology for (re)construction of homes and other small buildings (schools, health clinics), using low-cost construction technologies and community labour (mutual help system). The SHS project’s body of knowledge was organised in the form of a course with video lessons on YouTube and a website translated into different languages. The idea is to provide material that may help affected populations to work towards their recovery, with the support of qualified professionals (engineers and architects). The purpose of this chapter is to present the SHS Methodology and its main outputs.

scholarly journals SHS (Simple Housing Solution) Methodology: Community (Re) Building in Critical Situations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Torres Di Gregorio ◽  
Assed Naked Haddad ◽  
Daniel Aloysio Shigue- matsu Freitas Lima ◽  
Marina Costa Urquiza Tenório ◽  
Gustavo Vaz De Mello Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
Solution Methodology ◽  
Critical Situations

The SHS - Simple Housing Solution - methodology helps to facilitate the process of (re) construction in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, relocation of populations from risk areas, among others). It was conceived with the philosophy of gathering basic knowledge that can be useful in the (re) construction of housing units and basic collective equipment (such as schools, health clinics), in a joint effort (community working system), using low cost constructive technologies. The idea is to help communities that are victims of disasters and conflicts to better organize their own recovery, and provide help via the guidance and supervision of qualified technical assistants (engineers and / or architects) who can be hired by the local community, government or NGOs, for these purposes. This paper aims to present the Simple Housing Solution methodology and the main results of SHS Project, focusing on investigations related to the construction technology of partially reinforced masonry with soil-cement bricks. Currently, new research is being conducted to improve the existing model of residency for critical situations, seeking to broaden its working range. After the current phase is concluded, the next step will be the construction of a prototype house in natural scale, on a seismic platform, to study the effects of simulated seismic actions on the house. In order to achieve this task, financial support is sought from sponsors, as well as technical cooperation with LNEC - National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, in Portugal. Keywords: Disaster recovery, housing recovery, conflict recovery, refugee settlements, risk management

scholarly journals Integrating immediate gains with sustainable performance: systematic review of paradox at the intersection of strategic management and innovation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Managerial Implications

AbstractDigital technologies introduce change as a permanent feature of organizational life, creating an imbalance between market requirements and organizational capabilities. This article seeks to explore the tensions that organizations are confronted with when they engage in the strategic management of innovation (SMI) to achieve immediate and simultaneously lasting success. The divergent nature of strategic management and innovation promotes opposing organizational demands routed in a diversity of stakeholder agendas that foster an unhealthy tug-of-war over scarce resources. The resulting paradoxes are mirrored in the SMI literature. Hence to promote a more accurate understanding of complex organisational dynamics, this study organizes and integrates the diverse body of knowledge on SMI within the scope of a systematic literature review. By adopting a paradox perspective, a conceptual scheme is developed onto which competing demands are mapped. The application of framework synthesis reveals a wide array of paradoxes at the intersection of innovation and strategic management, including the inter-organisational, firm, project and individual level of analysis, while accounting for certain contextual factors that expose paradoxical tensions. The study thus contributes to the advancement of SMI literature by applying a new conceptual perspective, by employing a fairly new method to framework synthesis, and by recognizing the potential of environmental complexity in reference to subliminal tensions. The article proposes a research agenda with a more nuanced perspective on competing demands inherent in SMI, while also offering managerial implications that account for contemporary imperatives.

Diaspora and ambidextrous management of tourism in post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Seraphin ◽  
Maximiliano Korstanje ◽  
Vanessa Gowreesunkar
Keyword(s):  
Post Colonial ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post Disaster

scholarly journals Information and Communication Technology: Gender Issues in Developing Nations

10.28945/2521 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Betz Leahy ◽  
Ira Yermish
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Information And Communication

As Developing Nations seek to leverage scarce resources toward the goal of achieving a developed status they must reevaluate past practices and explore available and affordable technologies. Where information and communication infrastructures are weak, use of low-cost, easily distributed technologies have proven effective. Still, many developing nations have failed to incorporate a resource in great abundance, their women, to use these new technologies to greatest advantage. This paper will address the implications of women’s lack of economic and educational parity, and offer examples of how the education of women through the use of information and communication technology can enhance a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP).

scholarly journals Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Alshawawreh ◽  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Bernardino D’Amico ◽  
Susan Snaddon ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Post Disaster

During the course of 2018, 70.8 million people globally were forcibly displaced due to natural disasters and conflicts—a staggering increase of 2.9 million people compared to the previous year’s figure. Displaced people cluster in refugee camps which have very often the scale of a medium-sized city. Post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) sheltering therefore represents a vitally important element for both the short- and long-term wellbeing of the displaced. However, the constrained environment which dominates PDPC sheltering often results in a lack of consideration of sustainability dimensions. Neglecting sustainability has severe practical consequences on both people and the environment, and in the long run it also incurs higher costs. It is therefore imperative to quickly transfer to PDPC sheltering where sustainability considerations are a key element of the design and decision-making processes. To facilitate such transition, this article reviews both ‘existing solutions’ and ‘novel designs’ for PDPC sheltering against the three pillars of sustainability. Both clusters are systematically categorized, and pros and cons of solutions and designs are identified. This provides an overview of the attempts made so far in different contexts, and it highlights what worked and what did not. This article represents a stepping-stone for future work in this area, to both facilitate and accelerate the transition to sustainable sheltering.

Social repair and structural inequity: implications for disaster recovery practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Aijazi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vulnerability Reduction ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose – This paper introduces a model of social repair to the language of disaster recovery that potentially provides a new way of conceptualizing reconstruction and recovery processes by drawing attention to the dismantling of structural inequities that inhibit post-disaster recovery. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first engages with the current discourse of vulnerability reduction and resilience building as embedded within a distinct politics of post-disaster recovery. The concept of social repair is then explored as found within post-conflict and reconciliation literature. For application within the context of natural disasters, the concept of social repair is modified to have evaluative and effectiveness significance for disaster recovery. A short case example is presented from post-flood Pakistan to deepen our understanding of the potential application and usage of a social repair orientation to disaster recovery. Findings – The paper recommends that the evaluative goals of post-disaster recovery projects should be framed in the language of social repair. This means that social relationships (broadly defined) must be restored and transformed as a result of any disaster recovery intervention, and relationship mapping exercises should be conducted with affected communities prior to planning recovery interventions. Originality/value – Current discourses of disaster recovery are rooted within the conceptual framings of reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience. While both theoretical constructs have made important contributions to the disaster recovery enterprise, they have been unable to draw sufficient attention to pre-existing structural inequities. As disaster recovery and reconstruction projects influence the ways communities negotiate and manage future risk, it is important that interventions do not lead to worsened states of inequity.

The Small2Mighty tourism academy

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole C. Favre
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Common View ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose The aim of this practitioner paper is to reflect on the mistakes that most post-colonial, post-conflict or post-disaster destinations make when planning to grow tourism, and to offer a practical and business-driven solution that would help secure a more stable future in spite of potential instabilities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is the result of three years spent working with micro and small tourism entrepreneurs in Haiti, Brazil, Lesotho, South Africa, Timor Leste, Indonesia, Ethiopia and India. Findings The paper observes that most post-colonial, post-conflict or post-disaster destinations do not understand that developing tourism goes hand in hand with developing entrepreneurs and their businesses. Practical implications The paper could kick-start a more holistic approach to tourism development to catalyse long rather than short-term economic and social gains, especially for women. Originality/value This paper contradicts the common view that tourism growth is about increasing arrival numbers and focusing on infrastructure development. It presents an original solution that focusses on vision (an approach borrowed from Simon Sinek, the third most popular TED speaker and author of “Start with Why”), and on women empowerment that bypasses existing supra and national development frameworks.

Design of a post-disaster shelter through soft computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Füsun Cemre Karaoğlan ◽  
Sema Alaçam
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
Experiential Quality ◽  
Post Disaster

Temporary shelters become a more critical subject of architectural design as the increasing number of natural disasters taking place each year result in a larger number of people in need of urgent sheltering. Therefore, this project focuses on designing a temporary living space that can respond to the needs of different post-disaster scenarios and form a modular system through differentiation of units. When designing temporary shelters, it is a necessity to deal with the provision of materials, low-cost production and the time limit in the emergency as well as the needs of the users and the experiential quality of the space. Although computational approaches might lead to much more efficient and resilient design solutions, they have been utilized in very few examples. For that reason and due to their suitability to work with architectural design problems, soft computing methods shape the core of the methodology of the study. Initially, a digital model is generated through a set of rules that define a growth algorithm. Then, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms alter this growth algorithm while evaluating different configurations through the objective functions constructed within a Fuzzy Neural Tree. The struggle to represent design goals in the form of Fuzzy Neural Tree holds potential for the further use of it for architectural design problems centred on resilience. Resilience in this context is defined as a measure of how agile a design is when dealing with a major sheltering need in a post-disaster environment. Different from the previous studies, this article aims to focus on the design of a temporary shelter that can respond to different user types and disaster scenarios through mass customization, using Fuzzy Neural Tree as a novel approach. While serving as a temporary space, the design outcomes are expected to create a more neighbourhood-like pattern with a stronger sense of community for the users compared to the previous examples.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from post-conflict northern Uganda

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e027541
Author(s):  
Susan Clarke ◽  
Robyn Richmond ◽  
Eleanor Black ◽  
Helen Fry ◽  
James Henry Obol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Rural Health Clinics ◽  
In Pregnancy

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy and to understand associations and determinants.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwo rural health clinics in post-conflict northern Uganda.ParticipantsWomen attending two rural health clinics for a new service providing cervical cancer screening, who had experienced pregnancy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected by a questionnaire using validated questions from the demographic health survey women’s questionnaire and the domestic violence module. Data were entered into tablets using Questionnaire Development System software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed, using experience of IPV in pregnancy as the dependent variable. SPSS V.25 was used for all analysis.ResultsOf 409 participant women, 26.7% (95% CI 18.6% to 35.9%) reported having been slapped, hit or beaten by a partner while pregnant. For 32.3% (95% CI 20.2% to 37.9%) of the women the violence became worse during pregnancy. Women who had ever experienced IPV in pregnancy were more likely to have experienced violence in the previous 12 months (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.80 to 7.09). In multivariate logistic regression, the strongest independent associations with IPV in pregnancy were partner’s daily drinking of alcohol (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.43) and controlling behaviours (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33).ConclusionsThe women in this study had more exposure to IPV in pregnancy than previously reported for this region. Women’s previous experience of intimate partner violence, partner’s daily use of alcohol and his controlling behaviours were strong associations with IPV in pregnancy. This study highlights the uneven distribution of risk and the importance of research among the most vulnerable population in rural and disadvantaged settings. More research is needed in local rural and urban settings to illuminate this result and inform intervention and policy.

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