scholarly journals Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Alshawawreh ◽  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Bernardino D’Amico ◽  
Susan Snaddon ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Post Disaster

During the course of 2018, 70.8 million people globally were forcibly displaced due to natural disasters and conflicts—a staggering increase of 2.9 million people compared to the previous year’s figure. Displaced people cluster in refugee camps which have very often the scale of a medium-sized city. Post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) sheltering therefore represents a vitally important element for both the short- and long-term wellbeing of the displaced. However, the constrained environment which dominates PDPC sheltering often results in a lack of consideration of sustainability dimensions. Neglecting sustainability has severe practical consequences on both people and the environment, and in the long run it also incurs higher costs. It is therefore imperative to quickly transfer to PDPC sheltering where sustainability considerations are a key element of the design and decision-making processes. To facilitate such transition, this article reviews both ‘existing solutions’ and ‘novel designs’ for PDPC sheltering against the three pillars of sustainability. Both clusters are systematically categorized, and pros and cons of solutions and designs are identified. This provides an overview of the attempts made so far in different contexts, and it highlights what worked and what did not. This article represents a stepping-stone for future work in this area, to both facilitate and accelerate the transition to sustainable sheltering.

Where Did All the Dollars Go? The Effect of Cash Flows on Capital and Asset Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipto Dasgupta ◽  
Thomas H. Noe ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractThis paper documents the short- and long-term balance sheet effect of cash flows. We show that cash savings in the short run and debt reduction in both the short and the long run account for a substantial fraction of cash flow use. Although, in the long run, investment exhibits substantial sensitivity to cash flows, investment does not absorb the entire cash flow shock. In fact, the tighter the financial constraints, the smaller the fraction of cash flow absorbed by investment and the more by leverage reduction. Firms stage their response to increases in cash flow, delaying investment while building up cash stocks and reducing leverage. These results suggest that much of the short-run economic effect of cash flow shocks to the corporate sector may be channeled into the corporate debt market rather than the capital goods market, especially when financing constraints tighten.

scholarly journals Bad or good neighbours: a spatial financial contagion study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-776
Author(s):  
Matteo Foglia ◽  
Alessandra Ortolano ◽  
Elisa Di Febo ◽  
Eliana Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Credit Spread ◽  
Credit Spreads ◽  
Financial Contagion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Credit Default ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of financial contagion between Eurozone banks, observing the credit default swaps (CDSs) market during the period 2009–2017. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a dynamic spatial Durbin model that enables to explore the direct and indirect effects over the short and long run and the transmission channels of the contagion. Findings The results show how contagion emerges through physical and financial market links between banks. This finding implies that a bank can fail because people expect other related financial institutions to fail as well (self-fulfilling crisis). The study provides statistically significant evidence of the presence of credit risk spillovers in CDS markets. The findings show that equity market dynamics of “neighbouring” banks are important factors in risk transmission. Originality/value The research provides a new contribution to the analysis of EZ banking risk contagion, studying CDS spread determinants both under a temporal and spatial dimension. Considering the cross-dependence of credit spreads, the study allowed to verify the non-linearity between the probability of default of a debtor and the observed credit spreads (credit spread puzzle). The authors provide information on the transmission mechanism of contagion and, on the effects among the largest banks. In fact, through the study of short- and long-term impacts, direct and indirect, the paper classify banks of systemic importance according to their effect on the financial system.

The sustainable executive: antecedents of managerial long-term orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Sternad ◽  
James J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Level ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Managerial Myopia ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Sustainable Organizations ◽  
Short Termism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how managers incorporate long-term thinking in their decision-making processes as an antipode to a widely criticized managerial short-termism. For this purpose, the authors present a model of the influence of institutional, cultural and individual temporal factors on managerial long-term orientation (LTO). Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is based on a multidisciplinary review of the literature on the causes of managerial LTO. Findings It is proposed that managerial LTO is influenced by cultural and institutional factors on both a societal and an organizational level, as well as by managers’ individual temporal predispositions and the strengths of relational commitments with different stakeholder groups. It is further expected that managerial LTO has an influence on sustainability-related managerial behavior. Practical implications As the presented model reveals the main factors that orient managers toward the long run in their decisions, it can also be used as a framework to evaluate policies to curb managerial myopia on both an organizational and a societal level. Social implications As sustainability is intrinsically linked with the ability to think and act in the long term, understanding the factors that influence managerial LTO can also contribute to building more sustainable organizations. Originality/value One of the main contributions of this paper is that it highlights the link between reciprocal relationships and LTO, an aspect that has not yet been the focus of the literature on the temporal orientation of managers.

scholarly journals Integration Rice Price And Farmers Welfare With Error Correction Model Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Yogi Makbul
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
Support Policy

This research analyzes the short- and long-term influence of rice prices on the welfare of Indonesian farmers using an error correction model. Drawing upon data from Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics, it reveals that rice prices exert significant positive short-run effects and no significant long-run influence on farmers' welfare. These findings extend or refine results from earlier studies that lack the time series perspective of our research. They also support policy intervention by the Indonesian government to increase farmers' welfare and assure food supply.  

scholarly journals The New Wave of Currency Devaluations in Africa – Will the Devalued Birr Help the Coffee Exports?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4.) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Pasztor
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Coffee Sector ◽  
The Impact

Despite the fact that currency devaluations are likely to have a negative effect on the economy in the long run, Ethiopia devalued its national currency, the birr (ETB), by 15 percent in 2017. They turned to this option in the hope of attracting more investments from abroad, decreasing import bills, improving the current account deficit and giving a boost to the exports of the coffee sector. A couple of months later, the impact seems to be promising because the export has been revived in some areas. However, it has to be stressed that the imported commodities may experience a price increase, there can be a widening balance of payments deficit and rising inflation. The paper aims to shed more light on the short- and long-term impacts of currency devaluations in the developing countries with a special emphasis on Ethiopia. Also, the recent Ethiopian measure is to be analyzed in greater detail highlighting the impacts on export earnings, import bills, the balance of payments, and on the overall competitiveness of the coffee sector.

scholarly journals PENGARUH NON PERFORMING FINANCING, CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, BEBAN OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL DAN NET IMBALAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSETS (STUDI PADA BANK MAYBANK SYARIAH PERIODE 2012-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Lely Awintasari ◽  
Maulida Nurhidayati
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Short And Long Term

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Non Performing Financing (NPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Expenses operating income (BOPO) and Net Rewards (NI) ratio on Return On Assets of Maybank Syariah Bank. A bank's Return on Assets (ROA) is a ratio that shows the bank's success in making a profit. If the ROA obtained by a small bank as a result of the bank can suffer losses and hinder the growth of the bank. This research is a type of quantitative research with Error Correction Model method with a significance rate of 5%, with a total of 32 samples in the form of quarterly data published by Bank Maybank Syariah in 2012-2019. The findings in this study are that NPF negatively affects ROA in the short term but NPF has no effect on ROA in the long run. CAR has no effect on ROA in the short term but CAR has a positive effect on ROA in the long run. BOPO in the short and long term negatively affects ROA. NI in the short and long term has no effect on ROA. Simultaneously NPF, CAR, BOPO and NI both short-term and long-term affect ROA simultaneously. The amount of influence exerted in the short term is 89.20% while in the long term it is 88.57%. In order to increase ROA, Maybank Syariah Bank as much as possible to reduce the percentage of NPF and BOPO and can increase the CAR owned. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio kuangan Non Performing Financing (NPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Beban Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) dan Net Imbalan (NI) terhadap  Return On Assets Bank Maybank Syariah. Return on Assets (ROA) suatu bank merupakan rasio yang menunjukkan keberhasilan bank dalam menghasilkan keuntungan. Apabila ROA yang diperoleh bank kecil akibatnya bank dapat mengalami kerugian serta menghambat pertumbuhan bank tersebut. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Error Correction Model dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 yang berupa data triwulan yang dipublikasikan oleh Bank Maybank Syariah tahun 2012-2019. Temuan pada penelitian ini adalah NPF berpengaruh negatif pada ROA dalam jangka pendek tetapi NPF tidak berpengaruh pada ROA dalam jangka panjang. CAR tidak berpengaruh pada ROA pada jangka pendek namun CAR berpengaruh positif terhadap ROA dalam jangka panjang. BOPO dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang berpengaruh negatif pada ROA. NI dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang tidak berpengaruh pada ROA. Secara simultan NPF, CAR, BOPO dan NI baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang berpengaruh terhadap ROA secara simultan. Besarnya pengaruh yang diberikan pada jangka pendek adalah 89,20% sedangkan pada jangka panjang sebesar 88,57%. Untuk dapat meningkatkan ROA, Bank Maybank Syariah sebisa mungkin untuk menurunkan persentase NPF dan BOPO serta dapat meningkatkan CAR yang dimiliki.

Benefits of international portfolio diversification

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jamaledin Mohseni Zonouzi ◽  
Gholamreza Mansourfar ◽  
Fateme Bagherzadeh Azar
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Equity Returns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
International Portfolio ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Short And Long Term

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate opportunities of the short- and long-run international portfolio diversification (IPD) benefits by investing in the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries. Over the past decades, IPD has been the integral feature of global capital markets. Several potential benefits like increasing returns and/or reducing risk have made investors to internationalize their portfolios. Solnik’s theory (1974) approved that gains can be achieved through IPD if returns in the different markets are not perfectly correlated. This may attribute to low correlations of equity returns among different economies. In this regards, there would be a large potential of diversification benefits for investors that diversify into new emerging group of economies such as equity markets of the main oil-producing countries. These markets are often segmented and they may ensure a superior return rate for a given risk level. Design/methodology/approach – In most of the previous studies, Pearson’s correlation test is used to analyze the short-run relationship of market prices. However, recent empirical studies indicate that correlations between equity returns vary over the time. To examine the time-varying conditional correlation, this paper used the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model to investigate opportunities of the short-run IPD benefits. In addition, for the long-run linkage analysis, the autoregressive distributed lag (ADRL) approach introduced by Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied. Findings – It is found that, the market returns of the sampled countries are not definitely correlated in the short- and long-term. So, international portfolio investors may get the short- and long-term diversification benefits by diversifying their portfolios among the Middle Eastern equity markets, namely, Iran, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and UAE. Originality/value – This paper departs from earlier studies by focusing on the dynamic characteristics of correlation. Two main issues are pursued in this paper. First, instead of modeling the correlation by methods like Pearson correlation coefficient that consider the constant-correlation assumption, this paper directly uses the DCC model. Second, to empirically estimate the long-run relationship among stock markets in the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries, the ARDL approach is utilized. The ARDL approach is more robust and performs well for small sample sizes than other co-integration techniques.

scholarly journals Thyroid Lobectomy for Low to Intermediate Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3282
Author(s):  
Dana M. Hartl ◽  
Joanne Guerlain ◽  
Ingrid Breuskin ◽  
Julien Hadoux ◽  
Eric Baudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Thyroid Lobectomy ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Extensive Surgery

Many recent publications and guidelines have promoted a “more is less” approach in terms of treatment for low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), which comprise the vast majority of thyroid cancers: less extensive surgery, less radioactive iodine, less or no thyroid hormone suppression, and less frequent or stringent follow-up. Following this approach, thyroid lobectomy has been proposed as a means of decreasing short- and long-term postoperative morbidity while maintaining an excellent prognosis for tumors meeting specific macroscopic and microscopic criteria. This article will examine the pros and cons of thyroid lobectomy for low to intermediate risk cancers and discuss, in detail, criteria for patient selection and oncological outcomes.

Decellularization Strategies to Engineer Fibrocartilage Bioscaffolds: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1451
Author(s):  
F. Yusof ◽  
M. Sha’ban ◽  
A. Azhim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Meniscal Repair ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cellular Components

Fibrocartilage or known as meniscus tissues located in between the tibia and femur always subjected to extreme forces that can lead to injury especially for the sportsperson. The meniscal injury mean incidence in the general population is 66 per 100,000. The principal methods for the surgical management of fibrocartilage injury have been improvised from meniscectomy to meniscal repair and meniscal reconstruction that portrays different advantages and disadvantages in the short and long-term results. The inability to treat meniscus injury without osteoarthritis development in long-term results also motivates to find new treatment strategies. In this current era, the development of the multidisciplinary fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine provides new alternatives for the treatment approaches. This field involves the regeneration of the required tissue using scaffolds such as synthetic, natural, and biological scaffolds to restore the damaged one. Biological scaffolds are preferable because it tremendously mimics the native anatomical structure and has similar ratios and concentration of the proteins and growth factors that influence tissue repair and remodeling. The development of biological scaffolds with low immunogenic levels involves the decellularization process that eliminates all the cellular components while preserved the extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and mechanics. In this review, the pros and cons of the recent decellularization strategies to engineer fibrocartilage scaffolds have been discussed. We believed that the ideal decellularization methods still need to be explored to develop suitable biological scaffolds that structurally and functionally mimic native tissue as a replacement for new tissue regeneration.

Welfare Consequences of the Six-Year Presidential Term Evaluated in the Context of a Model of the U.S. Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Chappell ◽  
William R. Keech
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The U.S

We evaluate the six-year presidential term proposal in the context of a model of the U.S. economy characterized by a short-run but not a long-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment. Votes and public welfare are separately conceptualized as functions of inflation and unemployment, which are indirectly controlled by the president through manipulation of government spending.In a series of simulation experiments, the vote-maximizing choice of policy instruments led to less we(fare loss with six- than with four-year terms under most conditions. Ironically, vote maximizing was shown to lead not only to short- and long-term welfare loss, but also to long-run political disadvantage.

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