scholarly journals The Trends in the Evaluation of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Singh ◽  
Deepak Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important annual legume crops, cultivated throughout the India since ancient time. It is also grown in many countries of the world. The crop has been facing numerous biotic and abiotic constraints. Among biotic constraint crop affected adversely by diseases, caused by many pathogens. Ever since 1918 when for the first time wilt disease of chickpea was reported and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was the causal organism many strategies have been adopted to control the wilt disease. The controlling methods included conventional as well as modern one. However, more and more emphasis was given on biological control agents such as AM fungi and Trichoderma. The role of AM fungi have been evaluated for controlling the wilt disease similarly role of Trichoderma is thoroughly established biological control agent against Fusarium wilt. With the advent of modern tools and techniques developing markers, resistant varieties, all such sources enable us to reduce the effect of pathogens. Here an attempted has been made to acknowledge the trend of disease management and evaluation strategies of Fusarium wilt of chickpea for getting better yields of the crop.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATOES (PEMANFAATAN JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TOMAT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Theodorsius Pedai ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Untreated Plant

ABSTRACTTomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower disease intensity compared to untreated plant and inoculated plant with F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl application. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed plants treated with AM fungi significantly perform better growth and resistance towards infection compared with other treatments. Thus, it concluded that AM fungi had the potency as biological control agent.Keywords: AM fungi, disease intensity, Fusarium wilt, tomato INTISARITomat merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pengganggu utama pada tomat adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan menimbulkan masalah yang serius. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu dicari cara pengendalian yang murah, efektif, dan aman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur mikoriza arbuskular (JMA) sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tomat ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi JMA, inokulasi JMA dan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida benomil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat yang diinokulasi JMA memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA. Intensitas penyakit pada tomat yang diinokulasi JMA lebih rendah, baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida. Hasil analisis kontras orthogonal menunjukkan bahwa tomat bermikoriza berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA maupun yang diaplikasi benomil. Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tomat dan penekanan intensitas penyakit layu Fusarium, sehingga JMA berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati (APH).Kata kunci: intensitas penyakit, JMA, layu Fusarium, tomat

scholarly journals Weevils as Targets for Biological Control, and the Importance of Taxonomy and Phylogeny for Efficacy and Biosafety

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Barratt ◽  
Matthew Cock ◽  
Rolf Oberprieler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Right

Curculionidae are a large mainly herbivorous family of beetles, some of which have become crop pests. Classical biological control has been attempted for about 38 species in 19 genera, and at least moderate success has been achieved in 31 % of cases. Only two weevil species have been considered to be completely controlled by a biological control agent. Success depends upon accurately matching natural enemies with their hosts, and hence taxonomy and phylogeny play a critical role. These factors are discussed and illustrated with two case studies: the introduction of the braconid parasitoid Mictroctonus aethiopoides into New Zealand for biological control of the lucerne pest Sitona discoideus, a case of complex phylogenetic relationships that challenged the prediction of potential non-target hosts, and the use of a mymarid egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens, to control species of the eucalypt weevil genus Gonipterus, which involves failure to match up parasitoids with the right target amongst a complex of very closely related species. We discuss the increasing importance of molecular methods to support biological control programmes and the essential role of these emerging technologies for improving our understanding of this very large and complex family.

scholarly journals Hylastes ater(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) AffectingPinus radiataSeedling Establishment in New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Reay ◽  
Travis R. Glare ◽  
Michael Brownbridge
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Hylastes Ater ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minimal Research

The introduced pine bark beetleHylastes aterhas been present in New Zealand for around 100 years. The beetle has been a minor pest on pines. Research was undertaken to control the pest in the 1950s–1970s, with a biological control agent introduced with limited success. Following a reasonably long period with minimal research attention, renewed interest in developing a better understanding of the pest status was initiated in the mid to late 1990s. Subsequently, a significant amount of research was undertaken, with a number of studies exploring the role of this pest of exotic forests in New Zealand. These studies ranged from attempting to quantify damage to seedlings, evaluate the role of the beetle in vectoring sapstain fungi, explore options for management, and evaluate the potential for chemical and biological control. From these studies, a number of findings were made that are relevant to the New Zealand exotic forest industry and shed new light onto the role of secondary bark beetles globally.

scholarly journals Stress Tolerance and Environmental Fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, Which Has a Mutation in rpoS

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Hagen ◽  
Virginia O. Stockwell ◽  
Cheryl A. Whistler ◽  
Kenneth B. Johnson ◽  
Joyce E. Loper
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Establishment of suppressive populations of bacterial biological control agents on aerial plant surfaces is a critical phase in biologically based management of floral diseases. Periodically, biocontrol agents encounter inhospitable conditions for growth on plants; consequently, tolerance of environmental stresses may contribute to their fitness. In many gram-negative bacteria, including strains of Pseudomonas spp., the capacity to survive environmental stresses is influenced by the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS. This study focused on the role of RpoS in stress response and epiphytic fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, a well-studied bacterial biological control agent. We detected a frameshift mutation in the rpoS of A506 and demonstrated that the mutation resulted in a truncated, nonfunctional RpoS. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we deleted a nucleotide from rpoS, which then encoded a full-length, functional RpoS. We compared the stress response and epiphytic fitness of A506 with derivative strains having the functional full-length RpoS or a disrupted, nonfunctional RpoS. RpoS had little effect on stress response of A506 and no consistent influence on epiphytic population size of A506 on pear or apple leaves or flowers. Although the capacity of strain A506 to withstand exposure to environmental stresses was similar to that of other fluorescent pseudomonads, this capacity was largely independent of rpoS.

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