scholarly journals Solid Waste Gasification: Comparison of Single- and Multi-Staged Reactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhui Zhao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Meghan E. Lamm ◽  
Serdar Celik ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Waste Gasification

Interest in converting waste into renewable energy has increased recently due to concerns about sustainability and climate change. This solid waste is mainly derived from municipal solid waste (MSW), biomass residue, plastic waste, and their mixtures. Gasification is one commonly applied technology that can convert solid waste into usable gases, including H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. Single- and multi-staged reactors have been utilized for solid waste gasification. Comparison in reactor dimensions, operating factors (e.g., gasification agent, temperature, and feed composition), performance (e.g., syngas yield and selectivity), advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and summarized. Additionally, discussion will include economic and advanced catalysts which have been developed for use in solid waste gasification. The multi-staged reactor can not only be applied for gasification, but also for pyrolysis and torrefaction.

scholarly journals Chemical Carbon and Hydrogen Recycle through Waste Gasification: The Methanol Route

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Borgogna ◽  
Gaetano Iaquaniello ◽  
Annarita Salladini ◽  
Emanuela Agostini ◽  
Mirko Boccacci
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chemical Technology ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Waste Gasification

A large amount of valuable Carbon and Hydrogen is lost in the disposal of the non-recyclable fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) – particularly unsorted waste fraction and plastics residue from mechanical recycle process. The waste-to-chemical technology allows to exploit the components entrapped in the non-recyclable waste by converting it into new chemicals. The core of waste-to-chemical technology is the gasification process, which is designed to convert waste into a valuable syngas to be used as example for methanol production. Waste to methanol schemes allow to achieve significant environmental and economic benefits, which can be further intensified within the scenario of increasing share of renewable energy.

Modelling of municipal solid waste gasification using an optimised ensemble soft computing model

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 119903
Author(s):  
Navid Kardani ◽  
Annan Zhou ◽  
Majidreza Nazem ◽  
Xiaoshan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Waste Gasification

scholarly journals Separation of virgin plastic polymers and post-consumer mixed plastic waste by sinking-flotation technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Washinton Meneses Quelal ◽  
Borja Velázquez-Martí ◽  
Andrés Ferrer Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Flotation Technique

Abstract The main objective of this research is to separate virgin polymers (PA, PC, PP, HDPE; PS and ABS) and post-consumer plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) using the sinking-flotation technique. The separation was carried out on a pilot scale in a container of 800 l of useful volume with agitation of 160 rpm for one hour. Tap water, ethanol solutions and sodium chloride at different concentrations were used as the densification medium. The virgin polymers were separated into two groups, that is, a group of low-density polymers (HDPE and PP) and a group of high-density polymers (PS, ABS, PA, and PC). Polymers whose density was less than that of the medium solution floated to the surface, while those whose density was greater than that of the medium solution sank to the bottom. The experimental results showed that the complete separation of HDPE from PP was achieved at 23% v/v of ethanol. For the separation of the high-density polymers, up to 40% w / v sodium chloride was used. The recoveries of the polymers ranged from 70 to 99.70%. In post-consumer recycled plastic waste, fractions of 29.6% polyolefins, 37.54% PS, 11% ABS, 8% PA and 12% PC, PET and PVC were obtained. Finally, cast plates were made of the post-consumer waste to improve the identification of the type of polymer present in the separated fractions.

Recapture of Energy and Metals From MSW and ASR

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jaap ◽  
Daniel J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Equivalent Source ◽  
Shredder Residue ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Scrap Recycling

CarbonTech, LLC is the business vehicle to commercialize the licensed CATO Research Corporation process (US Patent No. 7,425,315) to generate an energy rich source of carbon from wastes such as municipal solid waste (MSW) and automobile shredder residue (ASR). With a focus on renewable energy technology, CarbonTech is in a unique position to reduce waste to landfills by 90%, generate a coal equivalent source of sustainable fuel to help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and recover metals for scrap recycling purposes.

Comparative environmental assessment of alternative waste management strategies in developing regions: A case study in Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Noya ◽  
V Inglezakis ◽  
S González-García ◽  
E Katsou ◽  
G Feijoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Schemes

The management of municipal solid waste in the Republic of Kazakhstan is still in its infancy. This situation poses a potential threat to the environment and public health and, therefore, it is necessary to introduce improved management schemes in the country. In this study, the life cycle assessment methodology was followed to evaluate the potential environmental benefits of implementing alternative management schemes based on low-waste generation and renewable energy production. The current situation of the capital city Astana was considered as the base case. Environmental results showed that air emissions in terms of landfill gases are the major contributor to climate change impacts, while landfill disposal of the non-recovered fraction of recyclable materials was responsible for the highest impacts in the other categories (especially land use). However, the reuse of recycled materials largely offsets the related environmental burdens, along with energy generation. In comparative terms, it was demonstrated that the proposed waste management scenarios are more environmentally friendly than current practices (S0), mainly owing to the credits associated with the valorisation of renewable energy (S2) and recovered materials (S3). Consequently, the evaluation showed that greater efforts should be made to exploit the energy potential of organic fraction, together with higher recycling rates, to move towards lower environmental impacts associated with municipal solid waste management.

Estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Oman Using Different Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Tariq Umar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Council Member ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

Reduction in emissions is the key to tackle climate change issues and achieve environmental sustainability. The Gulf Cooperation Council member countries however, not only generate the highest quantity of MSW/capita when compared globally but also in most of these countries such waste is just dumped at different landfill stations. In Oman, the total quantity of MSW stood at 2.0 million tonnes/year. The emission from this waste is estimated at 2,989,467 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent). This article attempts to develop frameworks that considered landfilling, composting, and recycling of MSW and compared the emissions of these frameworks. The framework (F2) which proposes the landfilling and composting process for the organic waste which normally goes to landfills results in an increase of emissions by 7% as compared to landfill practice. Similarly, the samples of MSW collected in Oman show a good amount of recycling waste. The framework (F3) which considers the landfill, composting, and recycling reduced the total Greenhouse Gas emissions from 2,989,467 tonnes/year to 2,959,735 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent); representing a total reduction of 1% in emissions. Although composting increases the emissions, however, considering composting and recycling will not only reduce the burden on landfills but will promote agricultural and industrial activates.

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