scholarly journals Haloarchaea May Contribute to the Colour of Avian Plumage in Marine Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
Javier Torregrosa-Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Coastal Birds ◽  
General Aspects

Some seabirds or coastal birds such as flamingos or pelicans display elegant pink or reddish colours. These colours are due to pigments that birds cannot synthesize de novo. Thus, this coloration is mainly originated from carotenoids ingested trough carotenoid rich food sources like microalgae (Dunaliella) or small shrimps (Artemia), which are microorganisms inhabiting the salty environments where the mentioned birds live. New advances in this field of knowledge have revealed that extreme microorganisms belonging to the haloarchaea group (Archaea Domain) may contribute significantly to the characteristic pink- red colour of flamingos’ feathers for instance. Alive haloarchaea cells have been found on the surface of the feathers. Besides, the major carotenoid produced by haloarchaea (bacterioruberin) has also been identify within the feathers structure. This work summarizes the main contributions recently reported about this topic as well as general aspects regarding bacterioruberin as a powerful colour carotenoid. Discussions about potential role of these microorganisms in the life of seaside birds are also included.

Irritable bowel syndrome: a review of the general aspects and the potential role of vitamin D

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽  
Ricardo de Alvares Goulart ◽  
Adriano Cressoni Araújo ◽  
Élen Landgraf Guiguer ◽  
Marcelo Dib Bechara
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
General Aspects

scholarly journals Cell-autonomous role of TGFβ and IL-2 receptors in CD4+ and CD8+ inducible regulatory T-cell generation during GVHD

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (23) ◽  
pp. 5575-5583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norifumi Sawamukai ◽  
Atsushi Satake ◽  
Amanda M. Schmidt ◽  
Ian T. Lamborn ◽  
Priti Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Tgfβ Receptor ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Transplantation Recipient

Abstract FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress GVHD while preserving graft-versus-tumor effects, making them an attractive target for GVHD therapy. The donor-derived Treg pool can potentially be derived from the expansion of preexisting natural Tregs (nTregs) or from de novo generation of inducible Tregs (iTregs) from donor Tconvs in the transplantation recipient. Using an MHC-mismatched model of acute GVHD, in the present study we found that the Treg pool was comprised equally of donor-derived nTregs and iTregs. Experiments using various combinations of T cells from wild-type and FoxP3-deficient mice suggested that both preexisting donor nTregs and the generation of iTregs in the recipient mice contribute to protection against GVHD. Surprisingly, CD8+FoxP3+ T cells represented approximately 70% of the iTreg pool. These CD8+FoxP3+ T cells shared phenotypic markers with their CD4+ counterparts and displayed suppressive activity, suggesting that they were bona fide iTregs. Both CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs appeared to be protective against GVHD-induced lethality and required IL-2 and TGFβ receptor expression for their generation. These data illustrate the complex makeup of the donor-derived FoxP3+ Treg pool in allogeneic recipients and their potential role in protection against GVHD.

scholarly journals Potential role of predators on carbon dynamics of marine ecosystems as assessed by a Bayesian belief network

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth K.A. Spiers ◽  
Richard Stafford ◽  
Mery Ramirez ◽  
Douglas F. Vera Izurieta ◽  
Mariaherminia Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Bayesian Belief Network ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Belief Network

scholarly journals Serine and one-carbon metabolisms bring new therapeutic venues in prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ganini ◽  
Ivano Amelio ◽  
Riccardo Bertolo ◽  
Eleonora Candi ◽  
Angela Cappello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Serine Pathway ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Serine Metabolism

AbstractSerine and one-carbon unit metabolisms are essential biochemical pathways implicated in fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, biosynthesis of important anabolic precursors and in general for the availability of methyl groups. These two distinct but interacting pathways are now becoming crucial in cancer, the de novo cytosolic serine pathway and the mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Apart from their role in physiological conditions, such as epithelial proliferation, the serine metabolism alterations are associated to several highly neoplastic proliferative pathologies. Accordingly, prostate cancer shows a deep rearrangement of its metabolism, driven by the dependency from the androgenic stimulus. Several new experimental evidence describes the role of a few of the enzymes involved in the serine metabolism in prostate cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze gene and protein expression data publicly available from large cancer specimens dataset, in order to further dissect the potential role of the abovementioned metabolism in the complex reshaping of the anabolic environment in this kind of neoplasm. The data suggest a potential role as biomarkers as well as in cancer therapy for the genes (and enzymes) belonging to the one-carbon metabolism in the context of prostatic cancer.

Evidence for cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin secretion from male pituitaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E296-E299
Author(s):  
G. A. Bourne ◽  
D. M. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

The purpose of this study was to use sodium flufenamate, a compound that inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in the pituitary, to evaluate the potential role of cAMP as a mediator of GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion from male pituitaries. Quartered male pituitaries were perifused at 37 degrees C and sequential effluent fractions collected every 10 min. Infusions of GnRH resulted in a twofold increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Cycloheximide, 5 microM, completely inhibited the GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH secretion. Infusions of 0.1 mM flufenamate had similar effects on gonadotropin secretion as cycloheximide, whereas the administration of 5 mM dibutyryl cAMP in combination with GnRH and flufenamate restored the secretory responses of both hormones. The flufenamate-inhibited GnRH stimulated LH and FSH release, which was restored by DBcAMP and appeared to be protein synthesis dependent and specific for cAMP. These results suggest an indirect role for cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin secretion from male pituitaries. However, in contrast to female pituitaries, the secretion of these hormones from male pituitaries is completely dependent on cAMP and de novo protein synthesis.

Regulation of annexin I in adipogenesis: cAMP-independent action of methylisobutylxanthine

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. C91-C97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Wong ◽  
H. S. Nick ◽  
S. C. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Annexin I ◽  
Intracellular Second Messengers ◽  
Camp And Cgmp

The differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes can be accelerated by the addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), insulin, and dexamethasone to the culture medium. During differentiation, we have demonstrated that the level of both annexin I mRNA and protein decreases. The half-times for this reduction were 2 h and 10 h for annexin I mRNA and protein, respectively. Of the added agents in the differentiation medium, only MIX caused a decline in annexin I expression in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. The MIX effect in fibroblasts was reversible and required de novo transcription but not protein synthesis. Although MIX could be replaced by high levels of theophylline, neither agonists of the beta-adrenergic receptor nor intracellular second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, were able to reduce annexin I. The potential role of annexin I in cellular differentiation is discussed.

Acyl-CoAs are functionally channeled in liver: potential role of acyl-CoA synthetase

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. E1366-E1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Muoio ◽  
Tal M. Lewin ◽  
Petra Wiedmer ◽  
Rosalind A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Triacsin C

Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) catalyzes the activation of long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoAs, which can be metabolized to form CO2, triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipids (PL), and cholesteryl esters (CE). To determine whether inhibiting ACS affects these pathways differently, we incubated rat hepatocytes with [14C]oleate and the ACS inhibitor triacsin C. Triacsin inhibited TAG synthesis 70% in hepatocytes from fed rats and 40% in starved rats, but it had little effect on oleate incorporation into CE, PL, or β-oxidation end products. Triacsin blocked [3H]glycerol incorporation into TAG and PL 33 and 25% more than it blocked [14C]oleate incorporation, suggesting greater inhibition of de novo TAG synthesis than reacylation. Triacsin did not affect oxidation of prelabeled intracellular lipid. ACS1 protein was abundant in liver microsomes but virtually undetectable in mitochondria. Refeeding increased microsomal ACS1 protein 89% but did not affect specific activity. Triacsin inhibited ACS specific activity in microsomes more from fed than from starved rats. These data suggest that ACS isozymes may be functionally linked to specific metabolic pathways and that ACS1 is not associated with β-oxidation in liver.

Increased Expression of Serine Palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in Balloon-injured Rat Carotid Artery

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Carton ◽  
Dennis Argentieri ◽  
Bruce Damiano ◽  
Michael D’Andrea ◽  
David Uhlinger
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Serine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Wound Healing Response ◽  
Complex Wound ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis

SummaryThe response to vascular injury is a complex wound healing response involving cell proliferation, migration, remodeling and inflammation. In the present studies we employed a rat balloon angioplasty model of vascular injury to investigate the potential role of sphingolipid signaling in the response to vascular injury. The enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the first committed step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. We observed marked upregulation of expression of both SPT subunits in actively proliferating cells in injured vessels. This enhanced SPT expression occurs in de-differentiated fibroblasts and proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. The upregulation is particularly apparent in the proliferating luminal edge of the neointima and the adventitial de-differentiated fibroblasts and may serve as a hallmark of this process. The possible functional consequences of this enzyme upregulation and its role in the response to vascular injury are suggested but remain to be determined.

Evidence for cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin secretion from female pituitaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E290-E295
Author(s):  
G. A. Bourne ◽  
D. M. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sodium flufenamate, which inhibited gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated increases in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), was used to evaluate the potential role of cAMP as a mediator of GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion. Quartered pituitaries from diestrous II female rats were perifused at 37 degrees C, and sequential effluent fractions were collected every 10 min. Administration of GnRH resulted in a characteristic biphasic response for both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), whereas 5 microM cycloheximide inhibited the secondary augmented responses (phase II) of both hormones. Infusions of 0.1 mM flufenamate inhibited GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in a manner similar to that of cycloheximide, whereas the administration of 5 mM dibutyryl cAMP in combination with GnRH and flufenamate resulted in the restoration of LH and FSH secretion. The dibutyryl cAMP-restored response appeared to be protein synthesis dependent and specific for cAMP. These results suggest that although the cyclic nucleotide is not involved in the acute release of LH and FSH, it does appear to play a pivotal but indirect role in phase II release of the hormones, by effects involving the stimulation of de novo protein synthesis.

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