scholarly journals Medicinal Properties of Phytochemicals and their Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aanchal Bansal ◽  
Chinmayee Priyadarsini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Vitro Production

Phytochemicals are produced by plants as a defence mechanism against pathogens. They are used to treat various metabolic, immunological and neurological disorders in humans in various parts of the world as a part of traditional medicine. The use of indigenous plants in commercial medicine is rising with increasing population. The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts led to increased demands. Plant tissue culture on the other hand, has proved to be a reliable alternative for the production of bioactive compounds from plants. Artificial plant culture can enhance the production of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. This review focuses on the medicinal properties of phytochemicals and their in-vitro production.

scholarly journals In vitro production of capsaicin through plant tissue culture

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Swetnisha, Ajitabh Bora, H.K. Gogoi, P.S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Culture Strategies ◽  
Vitro Production

Capsaicin, a secondary metabolite produced in capsicum, is in high demand in pharmaceutical industry because of its various medicinal properties. Currently, the supply of capsaicin depends upon its extraction from capsicum fruits. This limits the production of capsaicin as it depends upon agricultural produce. The current review has compiled information from various literature published on chemistry and importance of capsaicin along with its method of production. It also reviews the process of in vitro production of capsaicin through plant tissue culture, strategies of increasing capsaicin accumulation and its advantages over extraction from fruits and artificial synthesis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Production of Erythropoietin by Kidneys Perfused With a Serum-free Solution

Blood ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Erslev
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Enzymatic Activation ◽  
Vitro Production

Abstract Normal rabbits exposed to 0.4 atmospheric pressure for 3 hr will generate about 40-60 U of erythropoietin during a subsequent 3-hr period. If the kidneys were removed from 3-hr hypoxic animals, washed carefully, and perfused for 3 hr by recirculation with a serum-tissue culture mixture, each kidney generated about 14 U of erythropoietin in vitro. Perfusion of normal kidneys did not result in the production of erythropoietin, and only small amounts were generated if the perfusate contained Puromycin. Three-hour hypoxic kidneys perfused for 3 hr with a serum-free tissue culture medium were found to generate about 8 U of erythropoietin per kidney and similar kidneys perfused with saline about 1 U. These results indicate that erythropoietin is synthesized by kidney tissue and not produced by enzymatic activation of a plasma substrate.

Development of Sinningia magnifica (Otto & A. Dietr.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae) tissue culture for in vitro production of quinones and bioactive molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 113046
Author(s):  
A.F. Serain ◽  
S.E.B. Silvério ◽  
C.C. De Lourenço ◽  
V.K. Nunes ◽  
W.R. Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

scholarly journals Production of bioactive plant secondary metabolites through in vitro technologies—status and outlook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wawrosch ◽  
Sergey B. Zotchev
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

AbstractMedicinal plants have been used by mankind since ancient times, and many bioactive plant secondary metabolites are applied nowadays both directly as drugs, and as raw materials for semi-synthetic modifications. However, the structural complexity often thwarts cost-efficient chemical synthesis, and the usually low content in the native plant necessitates the processing of large amounts of field-cultivated raw material. The biotechnological manufacturing of such compounds offers a number of advantages like predictable, stable, and year-round sustainable production, scalability, and easier extraction and purification. Plant cell and tissue culture represents one possible alternative to the extraction of phytochemicals from plant material. Although a broad commercialization of such processes has not yet occurred, ongoing research indicates that plant in vitro systems such as cell suspension cultures, organ cultures, and transgenic hairy roots hold a promising potential as sources for bioactive compounds. Progress in the areas of biosynthetic pathway elucidation and genetic manipulation has expanded the possibilities to utilize plant metabolic engineering and heterologous production in microorganisms. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the in vitro production of high-value plant secondary metabolites of medicinal importance.Key points• Bioactive plant secondary metabolites are important for current and future use in medicine• In vitro production is a sustainable alternative to extraction from plants or costly chemical synthesis• Current research addresses plant cell and tissue culture, metabolic engineering, and heterologous production Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Advances and challenges on the in vitro production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carlos Cardoso ◽  
Maria Eduarda BS de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda de CI Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Horticultural Plants ◽  
Vitro Production

ABSTRACT The production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, also called Plant-Derived Medicinal Compounds (PDMC), is gaining ground in the last decade. Concomitant to the increase in the knowledge about pharmacological properties of these compounds, horticultural plants are becoming the most important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to obtain high-complex PDMCs to be used as medicaments. Biotechnological tools, including plant cell and tissue culture and plant genetic transformation, are increasingly being employed to produce high quality and rare PDMC under in vitro conditions. The proper use of these technologies requires studies in organogenesis to allow for better control of in vitro plant development and, thus, to the production of specific tissues and activation of biochemical routes that result in the biosynthesis of the target PDMCs. Either biotic or abiotic factors, called elicitors, are responsible for triggering the PDMC synthesis. In vitro techniques, when compared to the conventional cultivation of medicinal plants in greenhouse or in the field, have the advantages of (1) producing PDMCs in sterile and controlled environmental conditions, allowing better control of the developmental processes, such as organogenesis, and (2) producing tissues with high PDMC contents, due to the efficient use of different biotic and abiotic elicitors. Nevertheless, the process has many challenges, e.g., the establishment of step-by-step protocols for in vitro biomass and PDMC production, both involving and being affected by many factors. Other limitations are the high costs in opposition to the relatively cheaper alternative of growing medicinal plants conventionally. This paper aims to quickly review the general origin of plant secondary metabolites, the leading techniques and recent advances for PDMC in vitro production, and the challenges around the use of this promising technology.

scholarly journals In vitro production of M. × piperita not containing pulegone and menthofuran.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bertoli ◽  
Michele Leonardi ◽  
Justyna Krzyzanowska ◽  
Wieslaw Oleszek ◽  
Luisa Pistelli
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mentha X Piperita ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Vitro Production

The essential oils (EOs) and static headspaces (HSs) of in vitro plantlets and callus of Mentha x piperita were characterized by GC-MS analysis. Leaves were used as explants to induce in vitro plant material. The EO yields of the in vitro biomass were much lower (0.1% v/w) than those of the parent plants (2% v/w). Many typical mint volatiles were emitted by the in vitro production, but the callus and in vitro plantelet EOs were characterized by the lack of both pulegone and menthofuran. This was an important difference between in vitro and in vivo plant material as huge amounts of pulegone and menthofuran may jeopardise the safety of mint essential oil. Regarding the other characteristic volatiles, menthone was present in reduced amounts (2%) in the in vitro plantlets and was not detected in the callus, even if it represented the main constituent of the stem and leaf EOs obtained from the cultivated mint (26% leaves; 33% stems). The M. piperita callus was characterized by menthol (9%) and menthone (2%), while the in vitro plantlet EO showed lower amounts of both these compounds in favour of piperitenone oxide (45%). Therefore, the established callus and in vitro plantlets showed peculiar aromatic profiles characterized by the lack of pulegone and menthofuran which have to be monitored in the mint oil for their toxicity.

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