scholarly journals Local Inflammatory Biomarkers and Potential Inflammation-Targeting Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Damian ◽  
Simona Delia Nicoară
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Inflammation Targeting ◽  
Local Laboratory

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most frequent microvascular complications of diabetes. A large body of evidence supports the role of inflammation in the development and progression of DR. Currently, DR is diagnosed based on the presence of morphological lesions detected on fundus examination. Yet, there are other laboratory or imaging biomarker whose alteration precede DR lesions. This chapter will first briefly explain the role of inflammation in DR pathogenesis and will analyze the molecules involved. Further, it will discuss significant and recent studies that analyzed local laboratory or imaging inflammatory biomarkers in different DR stages. It will then focus on several potential inflammation-targeting therapies which proved to be effective in animal or human studies. Validation of these reviewed biomarkers would allow the identification of patients who do not respond to the current available treatment and could benefit from an adjunctive therapy.

scholarly journals Renalase gene Glu37Asp polymorphism affects susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Buraczynska ◽  
Karolina Gwiazda-Tyndel ◽  
Bartłomiej Drop ◽  
Wojciech Zaluska
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Aims Renalase (RNLS) is an enzyme with monoamine oxidase activity that metabolizes circulating catecholamines. The RNLS gene Asp37Glu missense polymorphism (rs2296545) has been associated with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, and stroke. The purpose of our study was to investigate the potential involvement of this polymorphism in the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods In this case–control study, the polymorphism was genotyped in 860 patients with T2DM and 400 healthy controls. The genotype and allele distribution was compared in subgroups of patients: with diabetic nephropathy (DN+) (n = 405) versus DN− (independently of the presence of DR) and, similarly, patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR+) (n = 328) versus DR− (independently of the presence of DN). Results No significant association was detected between analyzed polymorphism and DN. In contrast, the retinopathy subgroup showed a significantly higher frequency of G allele (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.16–1.72, p = 0.0005) and GG genotype (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.26–2.75, p = 0.001) than DR− patients. The effect of RNLS Glu37Asp polymorphism on DR remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, BMI, and duration of T2DM (p = 0.005). Conclusions This is the first study to investigate RNLS gene polymorphism in microvascular complications of T2DM. The results suggest that RNLS rs2296545 SNP might be considered a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients. This can provide new insight into the role of renalase gene in the pathophysiology of microvascular complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals TLR4 polymorphisms seem not to be associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but predispose to diabetic retinopathy; TLR4 polymorphisms in glucose continuum

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
ET Zaharieva ◽  
ZA Kamenov ◽  
AS Savov
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjectives.Compared to type 1 diabetes, the role of the immune and autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms is much less studied in the type 2 diabetes. Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) have a leading role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular damage. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms inTLR4gene and different stages in the glucose continuum from prediabetes to the type 2 diabetes and chronic microvascular complications.Materials and Methods.The study included 113 patients with the type 2 diabetes, 29 participants with prediabetes, and 28 controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism, followed by restriction analysis.Results.The difference in the genotype frequency for both polymorphisms in patients with the type 2 diabetes or prediabetes compared to that in controls was not significant. Patients with heterozygous genotype of Asp299Gly polymorphism had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (42.9%) than participants with homozygous genotype (9.0%) (OR [95%CI]=7.61 [1.41–41.08]; p=0.018). No association was established for diabetic polyneuropathy and nephropathy. Prevalence of chronic diabetes complications was not related to Thr399Ile polymorphism.Conclusion.Our study demonstrates that Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem not to be associated with the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes but Asp299Gly may contribute to diabetic retinopathy predisposition.

scholarly journals The Role of Lipoxidation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josy Augustine ◽  
Evan P. Troendle ◽  
Peter Barabas ◽  
Corey A. McAleese ◽  
Thomas Friedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Lipid Aldehydes

Lipids can undergo modification as a result of interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). For example, lipid peroxidation results in the production of a wide variety of highly reactive aldehyde species which can drive a range of disease-relevant responses in cells and tissues. Such lipid aldehydes react with nucleophilic groups on macromolecules including phospholipids, nucleic acids, and proteins which, in turn, leads to the formation of reversible or irreversible adducts known as advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs). In the setting of diabetes, lipid peroxidation and ALE formation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of macro- and microvascular complications. As the most common diabetic complication, retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Herein, we discuss diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a disease entity and review the current knowledge and experimental data supporting a role for lipid peroxidation and ALE formation in the onset and development of this condition. Potential therapeutic approaches to prevent lipid peroxidation and lipoxidation reactions in the diabetic retina are also considered, including the use of antioxidants, lipid aldehyde scavenging agents and pharmacological and gene therapy approaches for boosting endogenous aldehyde detoxification systems. It is concluded that further research in this area could lead to new strategies to halt the progression of DR before irreversible retinal damage and sight-threatening complications occur.

Role of Pro-inflammatory biomarkers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A prospective study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ramesh ◽  
B Rajesh ◽  
Reddy B Rajkiran ◽  
G Gayathri ◽  
Reddy M Venkateshwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
A Prospective Study

The role of vinpocetine in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases based on human studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (29) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Bagoly ◽  
Gergely Fehér ◽  
László Szapáry
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Studies

Az agyérbetegségek jelentőségét jelzi, hogy a cardiovascularis és tumoros betegségek után a stroke jelenti a harmadik leggyakoribb halálokot világszerte. Mivel stroke során az érintett agyállomány irreverzíbilisen károsodik, az infarktust övező épen maradt, de általában hipoperfundált agyterületek működésének serkentésével lehet a betegek állapotán javítani. Az agyi véráramlás növelése révén várható javulás a stroke-on még át nem esett, de krónikus agyi hipoperfúzióban szenvedő betegek tüneteiben is. Célkitűzés, módszer: Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintse a vinpocetin akut és krónikus agyérbetegségekben történő alkalmazásának eddig publikált humán vizsgálati eredményeit, és összefoglaló képet adjon a gyógyszer főbb indikációs területeiről, az ott mutatott hatékonyságról. Eredmények: A vinpocetin akut ischaemiás stroke-ban történő alkalmazását vizsgáló tanulmányok száma csekély, eredményeik pedig ellentmondásosak. Krónikus agyérbetegek esetében mind az egyszeri, mind a hosszú távú vinpocetinkezelést követően PET-, SPECT-, TCD- és NIRS-vizsgálatokkal a laesio körüli ép agyterületek perfúziónövekedése, fokozott glükóz- és O 2 -felhasználása igazolódott, és jelentős javulás volt észlelhető a vér reológiai paramétereiben is. A klinikai hatékonyságot értékelő nemzetközi tanulmányok metaanalízise alapján a gyógyszer per os alkalmazásával szignifikáns javulás jelentkezik a kognitív teljesítményben és a napi aktivitásban. Következtetések: A fenti vizsgálatok eredményei alapján kimondható, hogy a vinpocetin sokrétű farmakológiai hatása révén kedvezően befolyásolja az agy ép területeinek perfúzióját és metabolizmusát, a vér áramlási viszonyait, javítva ezzel a krónikus agyérbetegek életminőségét.

Role of blood flow and impaired autoregulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kohner ◽  
V. Patel ◽  
S. M. Rassam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy

The role of electrolytes and inflammatory biomarkers in the development of febrile seizure in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hashim Mhaibes ◽  
Mustafa Shihab Al-Anbaki ◽  
Eman Saadi Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizure ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effimia Zacharia ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiou ◽  
Adam Ioannou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Spyridon Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

During the last few years, a significant number of studies have attempted to clarify the underlying mechanisms that lead to the presentation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation is a key component of the pathophysiological processes that lead to the development of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, in tandem, AF increases the inflammatory state. Indeed, the plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with AF. In addition, the levels of specific inflammatory biomarkers may provide information regarding to the AF duration. Several small studies have assessed the role of anti-inflammatory treatment in atrial fibrillation but the results have been contradictory. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the role of inflammation in AF and whether anti-inflammatory medications should be routinely administered to patients with AF.

The Level of Cytokines in the Vitreous Body of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Undergoing Posterior Vitrectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3276-3281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Raczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna A. Lisowska ◽  
Krzysztof Pietruczuk ◽  
Joanna Borucka ◽  
Mateusz Ślizień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Eye Examination

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare cytokine levels in the vitreous body of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing posterior vitrectomy. Patients and methods: The study included 39 patients (39 eyes) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Patients were divided into three groups: patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without aflibercept injection prior to the surgery, PDR patients administered aflibercept injection prior to the surgery, and patients without diabetes mellitus (control group). All patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination one day before and 3 weeks after the surgery, including measurements of: best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SOCT). Concentrations of cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-1β were measured in the vitreous body of patients with BD™ Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit. Results: PDR patients who received pretreatment with aflibercept injection showed significantly lower concentrations of IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10 and IL-1β in the vitreous body compared to the control group. Meanwhile, patients without prior aflibercept injection had a significantly higher concentration of IL-8. There was also a significant positive correlation between IOP before PPV and IL-8 concentration in both PDR patients’ groups. Conclusion: Findings of our study suggest an important role of IL-8 in the development of severe PDR. Aflibercept administration on the day before elective vitrectomy facilitated the surgery.

Role of Endothelin in Diabetic Retinopathy

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Chung Lam ◽  
Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽  
Chih-Chen Lu ◽  
Chih-Hsun Chu ◽  
Ming-Ju Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy
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