scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum to Ganoderma lucidum Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Vahdani ◽  
Shahram Shoeibi ◽  
Anousheh Sharifan
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known fungus that has been widely used in traditional medicine around the world, especially in East Asia, due to its various health promotion properties. Recently, researchers have drawn attention to the biologically active compounds found in this fungus, and this fungus has become very popular due to its pharmaceutical properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of the Iranian strain of G. lucidum as a natural antifungal agent against harmful filamentous fungi common in the food industry. Methods: Three filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum, were used in this study for the antifungal evaluation of ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and two aqueous extracts of G. lucidum with different concentrations by the broth microdilution method. Results: The results showed that only the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 2 and 3.5 mg/mL, respectively. Also, no antifungal activity was observed for the aqueous extract for all the three studied fungi. In addition, A. flavus was found to be more sensitive to G. lucidum extracts compared to the two other studied fungi. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of G. lucidum was effective on A. flavus and can be used as a natural antifungal agent to prevent the growth of this harmful filamentous fungus.

Susceptibility of Filamentous Fungi to Voriconazole in Malaysia Tested by Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI Microdilution Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ting Tan ◽  
Stephanie Jane Ginsapu ◽  
Fairuz binti Amran ◽  
Salina binti Mohamed Sukur ◽  
Surianti binti Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Syncephalastrum Racemosum ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background: Voriconazole is a trizaole antifungal to treat fungal infection. In this study, the susceptibility pattern of voriconazole against filamentous fungi was studied using Sensititre® YeastOne and Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 broth microdilution method. Methods: The suspected cultures of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowii, A. calidoutus, A. creber, A. ochraceopetaliformis, A. tamarii, Fusarium solani, F. longipes, F. falciferus, F. keratoplasticum, Rhizopus oryzae, R. delemar, R. arrhizus, Mucor sp., Poitrasia circinans, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Sporothrix schenckii were received from hospitals. Their identification had been confirmed in our lab and susceptibility tests were performed using Sensititre® YeastOne and CLSI M38 broth microdilution method. The significant differences between two methods were calculated using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.Results: Mean of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium were within 0.25 μg/mL-2.00 μg/mL by two methods except A. calidoutus, F. solani and F. keratoplasticum. Moreover, mean of MIC for S. schenkii were around 3.00 μg/mL by two methods. In contrast, mean of MIC for Rhizopus spp., Mucor sp., P. circinans and S. racemosum were ≥6.00 μg/mL by two methods. Generally, the MIC obtained by Sensititre YeastOne was one two-fold increase or decrease compared with the results obtained by CLSI method. The overall agreement between Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI methods to test susceptibility testing of voricaonazole was more than 70% except A. sydowii. The significant differences between two methods were significant when tested on A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowii, F. solani and S. schenkii. Conclusions: In conclusion, Sensititre YeastOne method appears to be an alternative procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing for some Malaysian moulds.

A Series of Furan-based Hydrazones: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehlika Dilek Altintop ◽  
Belgin Sever ◽  
Özlem Atli Eklioğlu ◽  
Merve Baysal ◽  
Rasime Demirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Background: Hydrazones, frequently occurring motifs in many bioactive molecules, have attracted a great deal of interest as potent antimicrobial agents. Objective: The aim of this work was to design and synthesize new hydrazone-based antimicrobial agents. Methods: 4-[2-((5-Arylfuran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]benzonitrile derivatives (1-10) were obtained via the reaction of 4-cyanophenylhydrazine hydrochloride with 5-arylfurfurals. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects using a broth microdilution method. Their cytotoxic effects on NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line were determined using XTT assay. The most effective antimicrobial agents were investigated for their genotoxic effects using Ames MPF assay. In silico docking and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) studies were also performed using Schrödinger’s Maestro molecular modeling package. Results: The antifungal effects of the compounds were more significant than their antibacterial effects. Compound 5 bearing 3-nitrophenyl moiety was the most potent antifungal agent against Candida albicans, Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium species, whereas compound 10 bearing 4- chloro-2-nitrophenyl moiety was the most effective antifungal agent on Aspergillus ochraceus. According to XTT and Ames MPF assays, these compounds were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic at the concentrations tested. Docking studies suggested that these compounds showed good affinity to the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) (PDB code: 5V5Z) and interacted with the key residues such as Hem601 and Cys470. Based on in silico ADME studies, the compounds are expected to have high oral bioavailability. Conclusion: According to the in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 5 and 10 stand out as potential orally bioavailable antifungal agents for further studies.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 200 Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus flavus Isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Taghizadeh-Armaki ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hedayati ◽  
Saham Ansari ◽  
Saeed Mahdavi Omran ◽  
Sasan Saber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Microsatellite Genotype ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus has been frequently reported as the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in certain tropical and subtropical countries. Two hundred A. flavus strains originating from clinical and environmental sources and collected between 2008 and 2015 were phylogenetically identified at the species level by analyzing partial β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against antifungals using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution method. In addition, genotyping was performed using a short-tandem-repeat (STR) assay of a panel of six microsatellite markers (A. flavus 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, and 3C), in order to determine the genetic variation and the potential relationship between clinical and environmental isolates. The geometric means of the minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum effective concentrations (MICs/MECs) of the antifungals across all isolates were (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.13 mg/liter; anidulafungin, 0.16 mg/liter; itraconazole, 0.29 mg/liter; caspofungin, 0.42 mg/liter; voriconazole, 0.64 mg/liter; isavuconazole, 1.10 mg/liter; amphotericin B, 3.35 mg/liter; and flucytosine, 62.97 mg/liter. All of the clinical isolates were genetically different. However, an identical microsatellite genotype was found between a clinical isolate and two environmental strains. In conclusion, posaconazole and anidulafungin showed the greatest in vitro activity among systemic azoles and echinocandins, respectively. However, the majority of the A. flavus isolates showed reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility of A. flavus was not linked with the clinical or environmental source of isolation. Microsatellite genotyping may suggest an association between clinical and environmental strains, although this requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Ευαισθησίες των υφομυκήτων σε νεότερα αντιμυκητικά φάρμακα

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευαγγελία Πετρίκκου
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Invasive Mycoses ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

The continuing increase of systemic and invasive mycoses due to filamentous fungi (moulds) such as species of Aspergillus, zygomycetes of the order Mucorales (Rhizopus, Mucor, θιπ.) and rare hyalohyphomycetes such as Fusarium and Scedosporium, and their difficult management because of their resistance in most antifungals, needed the development and standardization of a method to determine susceptibility to these drugs. The present dissertation aimed to the development of an antifungal susceptibility testing method which would be reliable and reproducible, in order to be used as a standard method. This method should be applicable to all filamentous fungi,The strains used for this study were isolates from cases with systemic mycoses with known antifungal susceptibility and outcome, as well as from a prospective registry study. The experiments of the first phase of the study aimed to verify the optimal conditions for the preparation of the inoculum of conidia to be tested for antifungal susceptibility with the broth microdilution method. The main conclusions of this phase were that the haemocytometer counting of conidia was a more reliable method of inoculum preparation than the spectrophotometric adjustment, and that Tween 20, a nonionic surfactant, should be used as a dispersing agent for the optimal suspension of hydrophobic conidia. The ideal inoculum size was 1.0 × 106 -5.0 × 106 CFU/ml. In the second phase, this new method was evaluated in three independent laboratories and its reliability and reproducibility were confirmed, with interlaboratory agreement of 89.2% and a narrow 95% CI (2.20 -2.65). In the third phase of the study the method was used for the susceptibility testing of strains from a prospective registry study of rare invasive mycoses and performed very well. The results of this study have been adopted by the EUCAST and constitute the basis of the guidelines for the determination of the MICs of antifungals against conidia forming moulds (EUCAST DEFINITIVE DOCUMENT E.DEF 9.1).

scholarly journals MIC distributions for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, flucytosine and anidulafungin and 35 uncommon pathogenic yeast species from the UK determined using the CLSI broth microdilution method

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Borman ◽  
Julian Muller ◽  
Jo Walsh-Quantick ◽  
Adrien Szekely ◽  
Zoe Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Epidemiological cut-off values and clinical interpretive breakpoints have been developed for a number of antifungal agents with the most common Candida species that account for the majority of infections due to pathogenic yeasts species. However, less-common species, for which susceptibility data are limited, are increasingly reported in high-risk patients and breakthrough infections. Methods The UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory performs routine antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical yeast isolates submitted from across the UK. Between 2002 and 2016, >32 000 isolates representing 94 different yeast species were referred to the laboratory. Here we present antifungal susceptibility profiles generated over this period for amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, anidulafungin and flucytosine against 35 species of uncommon yeast using CLSI methodologies. MIC data were interpreted against epidemiological cut-off values and clinical breakpoints developed with Candida albicans, in order to identify species with unusually skewed MIC distributions that potentially indicate resistance. Results Potential resistance to at least one antifungal agent (>10% of isolates with MICs greater than the epidemiological cut-off or clinical breakpoint) was evidenced for 29/35 species examined here. Four species exhibited elevated MICs with all of the triazole antifungal drugs against which they were tested, and 21 species exhibited antifungal resistance to agents from at least two different classes of antifungal agent. Conclusions This study highlights a number of yeast species with unusual MIC distributions and provides data to aid clinicians in deciding which antifungal regimens may be appropriate when confronted with infections with rarer yeasts.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF Sida planicaulis Cav. (MALVACEAE) FUNGUS FILAMENTOSOS FRONT

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Ana Laura de Cabral SOBREIRA ◽  
Ana Clara da Rocha SOUSA ◽  
Egberto Santos CARMO ◽  
Danielly Albuquerque DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Propagation Technique

Sida planicaulis, popularly known as "vassoura", is very common in Curimataú Paraibano, although little studied in relation to its antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of the crude ethanolic extract and its phases: hexane, chloroform, aceto- and hydroalcoholic phase of the plant on the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Exophyala werneckii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cladosporum 2B3 and Microsporum canis. The antifungal activity was verified by the propagation technique in Agar. Incubation was carried out in a bacteriological oven at 28ºC for 7 to 15 days. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the values of the inhibition halos, the concentration of the Minimal Inhibitory by the microdilution technique, where all testes were performed in triplicate. The results showed antifungal activity against the microorganism Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the values of the inhibition halos varied between 15 and 36 mm, Third, species of extract and phases are not an antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the samples used are specific to the inhibitory plane against the fungus T. mentagrophytes, but did not obtain the units used for the development of a new antifungal.

Mycotoxin Formation by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum in Irradiated Maize Grains in the Presence of other Fungi

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL CUERO ◽  
JOHN E. SMITH ◽  
JOHN LACEY
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Two Temperatures

Production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 and zearalenone by, respectively, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum was measured when they were cultured alone and in pairs with other filamentous fungi in irradiation-sterilized maize seeds, at three water activities (0.98, 0.95 and 0.90 aw) and two temperatures (25 and 16°C). A. flavus was paired with A. niger, A. oryzae, Penicillium viridicatum and F. graminearum and F. graminearum was paired only with A. flavus. Compared to pure culture, aflatoxin production in mixed fungal cultures was decreased at high water activities but was enhanced when water activity was low (0.90 aw). More aflatoxin was usually produced at 25 than at 16°C. Zearalenone production was markedly decreased at 16°C by the presence of A. flavus but was little affected at 25°C. Zearalenone production in pure cultures of F. graminearum changed little between 25 and 16°C at any aw.

scholarly journals A 20-Year Antifungal Susceptibility Surveillance (From 1999 to 2019) for Aspergillus spp. and Proposed Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus: A Study in a Tertiary Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Tianyu Liang ◽  
JingWen Tan ◽  
Weixia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

The emergence of resistant Aspergillus spp. is increasing worldwide. Long-term susceptibility surveillance for clinically isolated Aspergillus spp. strains is warranted for understanding the dynamic change in susceptibility and monitoring the emergence of resistance. Additionally, neither clinical breakpoints (CBPs) nor epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for Aspergillus spp. in China have been established. In this study, we performed a 20-year antifungal susceptibility surveillance for 706 isolates of Aspergillus spp. in a clinical laboratory at Peking University First Hospital from 1999 to 2019; and in vitro antifungal susceptibility to triazoles, caspofungin, and amphotericin B was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. It was observed that Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common species, followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. Forty isolates (5.7%), including A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus nidulans, were classified as non-wild type (non-WT). Importantly, multidrug resistance was observed among A. flavus, A. terreus, and A. niger isolates. Cyp51A mutations were characterized for 19 non-WT A. fumigatus isolates, and TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I was the most prevalent mutation during the 20-year surveillance period. The overall resistance trend of A. fumigatus increased over 20 years in China. Furthermore, based on ECV establishment principles, proposed ECVs for A. fumigatus and A. flavus were established using gathered minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum effective concentration (MEC) data. Consequently, all the proposed ECVs were identical to the CLSI ECVs, with the exception of itraconazole against A. flavus, resulting in a decrease in the non-WT rate from 6.0 to 0.6%.

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document