Effect of Different Types of Lower-limb Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive People: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial

Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the immediate and long-lasting effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on hypertension in individuals with high blood pressure. Methods: A total of 45 hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to three intervention groups as eccentric exercise (n = 15), concentric exercise (n = 15), and control (n = 15) groups. All the volunteers underwent exercise interventions for four weeks, three sessions per week (12 sessions in total) as treadmill walking with +10% gradient (concentric group), -10% gradient (eccentric group), or neutral gradient. Before the intervention, immediately after the first session of the intervention, after the end of the intervention, and 48 hours after the end of the intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and maximum oxygen consumption were measured and compared between the groups. Results: The positive gradient group had higher diastolic blood pressure 48 h after the intervention than the negative and neutral gradient groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other study variables between eccentric and concentric exercise groups (P > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that eccentric exercises immediately reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Eccentric and constrictive exercises reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure for the long term (P < 0.05). Exonerative and constrictive exercises improved the heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption, and systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure in the short and long term (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric and concentric exercises with immediate and long-lasting effects improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption. No significant difference was found between the two types of exercises in terms of the variables studied.

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The Effects of Music Intensity on Performance and Cardiovascular Responses in Athletes

Journal of Exercise Science and Medicine ◽

10.32598/jesm.12.1.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 225-232

Author(s):

Paria Torkamandi ◽

◽

Ali Akbarnejad ◽

Abbas Ali Gaeini ◽

Ali Gharecheshmei Ghahremanloo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Pressure Maximum

Introduction: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of different musical intensities on performance and cardiovascular responses after incremental exercise in male athletes. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a cross-over design, 15 male athletes were voluntarily selected. The study subjects performed Bruce protocol, along with listening to progressive music, slow music, and without music until exhaustion. Results: This study indicated that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and time to exhaustion insignificantly decreased while listening to slow music, compared to the no music (P=0.134, P=0.993, P=0.999, P=0.160, P=0.819, respectively). Furthermore, while listening to progressive music, compared to no music, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maximum heart rate insignificantly increased (P=0.735, P=0.999, P=0.496, respectively); the maximum oxygen consumption and the time of exhaustion significantly increased in the study subjects (P=0.043, P=0.008 respectively). Moreover, while listening to progressive music, compared to slow music, the systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and the time of exhaustion significantly increased (P=0.004, P=0.009, P=0.002, P=0.001 respectively); however, diastolic blood pressure presented an insignificant decrease (P=0.253). Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that listening to progressive music can affect physiological factors and performance during exercising. It increases the athlete’s motivation and postpones the time to exhaustion to continue exercising; however, listening to slow music creates a state of relaxation during exercise and reduces heart rate. As a result, individuals with hypertension can decline their blood pressure during endurance exercise by listening to soft music.

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Comparison of Ropivacaine-Fentanyl with Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Labour Epidural Analgesia

The Open Anesthesiology Journal ◽

10.2174/2589645802014010108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Kalpana Kulkarni ◽

Rahul Patil

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Vas Score ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Labour Epidural Analgesia ◽

Group Ii

Background: Bupivacaine with opioid is commonly used for labour epidural analgesia. Ropivacaine is considered as an alternative to bupivacaine due to its lower cardiovascular complications. However, there is a controversy regarding the efficacy of these drugs as some studies suggest equivalent action, whereas others report that ropivacaine produces less motor blockade. The study aimed to compare the effect of ropivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl for labour analgesia. Materials and Methods: The prospective randomized study was performed on 60 parturients, divided into two groups of 30 subjects each. Group I received 10ml of bupivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml and Group II received 10ml of ropivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml by epidural catheter. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation was performed on all the participants and all were administered metoclopramide 0.25mg/kg and ondansetron 0.08-0.1mg/kg intravenously as premedication. The baseline and post anaesthesia systolic, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, VAS score, degree of motor block, sedation and APGAR score of the baby were recorded. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: When compared, there was no significant difference in systolic/diastolic blood pressure in two groups except at 360 min where diastolic pressure was low in group II. Significantly higher heart rate at 30 min (P=0.0003), 120 min (0.006), and 300 min (P=0.001) was observed in group I subjects. VAS score was significantly less at 180 min (P=0.019) and 300 min (P=0.019) in group II. Adverse effects such as fetal bradycardia, nausea/vomiting and hypotension observed were clinically insignificance when compared in two groups. Conclusion: Bupivacaine and ropivacaine produce an equal degree of analgesia and hemodynamic stability in 0.1% of concentration when added with 2µg/ml fentanyl . However, heart rate was well maintained with lower VAS scores in group II receiving ropivacaine. No significant difference in the side effects between the two groups. Hence, Ropivacaine can be used as a safe alternative to bupivacaine for labour epidural analgesia.

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Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Clonidine in Neonates Treated for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-23.6.473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 473-478

Author(s):

Raymond P. Meddock ◽

Deirdre Bloemer

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Dose Range ◽

Safety Data ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽

Abstinence Syndrome

OBJECTIVES Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is characterized by withdrawal symptoms in neonates exposed to legal or illegal substances in utero, and it is often managed with medications such as opiates, phenobarbital, and clonidine. Clonidine use is increasing, but further safety data regarding its use in neonates are warranted. This study evaluated the effects of clonidine on heart rate and blood pressure in neonates treated for NAS at doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day. METHODS A retrospective review via the electronic medical record of infants at least 35 weeks' gestation treated adjunctively with clonidine for NAS in the neonatal intensive care unit at St Elizabeth was conducted. Heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at baseline, while on different dose ranges of clonidine (small: ≤1.5 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; medium: >1.5 to 2 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; and large: >2 mcg/kg to 3 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours), and upon discontinuation. RESULTS A total of 64 infants treated with clonidine for NAS between August 2015 and December 2016 were included. Heart rate decreased in all clonidine dose ranges compared with baseline (average reduction of 7 bpm [CI: −12 to −2], 9 bpm [CI: −16 to −2], and 10 bpm [CI: −18 to −1] for the small, medium, and large dose ranges, respectively; p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different from baseline when infants were receiving any dose of clonidine, except diastolic blood pressure while on medium–dose range clonidine, where diastolic blood pressure was higher than baseline (p = 0.0128). Increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evident upon discontinuation of clonidine (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0156, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clonidine doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day are well tolerated in neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation treated for NAS. Any decreases in heart rate are likely clinically insignificant, and increases in blood pressure upon discontinuing clonidine are mild and may be mitigated further with extended discontinuation protocols. Further trials should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of clonidine in this population.

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Validity of the Actiheart step test for the estimation of maximum oxygen consumption in endurance athletes and healthy controls

Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) ◽

10.15203/ciss_2019.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliane Heydenreich ◽

Yves Schutz ◽

Katarina Melzer ◽

Bengt Kayser

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Total Sample ◽

Step Test ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Entry Modes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level Of Significance

Submaximal step tests are often used for estimation of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in humans. The validity of the Actiheart step test for VO2max estimation was not fully studied yet. Therefore, purpose of the study was to estimate VO2max using the Actiheart step test and to compare the data with measured VO2max in endurance trained athletes (ATH) and healthy non-athletes (CON).68 ATH (54% men, 28.0±5.4 yrs, 20.9±1.7 kg∙m-2) and 63 CON (46% men, 27.6±5.1 yrs, 22.1±1.7 kg∙m-2) performed the Actiheart step test and a spiroergometry for assessment of VO2max. In addition, resting metabolic rate (RMR; indirect calorimetry), maximum heart rate (HRmax; heart rate monitoring system during spiroergometry), and sleeping heart rate (SHR; Actiheart 6-day long term measurement) were determined. Validity of two different Actiheart software entry modes was assessed: (1) AHraw (estimated RMR [Schofield] and HRmax [Tanaka], SHR = 70 bpm) and (2) AHcomplete (measured RMR, HRmax, and SHR). Validity was investigated using linear regression (R2 and standard error of the estimate (SEE)) and repeated-measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc correction. The level of significance was set to α=0.05.VO2max estimated by AHraw was significant related to measured VO2max in women CON (R2=0.22; p<0.05), whereas when VO2max was estimated by AHcomplete the relation was significant in women ATH and CON, and in men CON (R2=0.17-0.24; p<0.05). AHraw significantly underestimated VO2max in the total sample by 8% (51.4±10.2 vs. 55.9±7.6 ml∙kg-1∙min-1; p<0.0001), whereas no significant difference between AHcomplete and the criterion method was found (57.0±11.1 vs. 55.9±7.6 ml∙kg-1∙min-1; p=0.26).The Actiheart step test is an acceptable tool for the estimation of VO2max if an error within 8% can be tolerated. However, accuracy of the VO2max prediction is much improved when entering measured variables, such as RMR, SHR, and HRmax, into the software.

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PERBEDAAN DENYUT JANTUNG DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA ATLET PREDOMINAN AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK KONI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2016

JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA ◽

10.51671/jifo.v3i2.99 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Hafiz Aziz ◽

Titing Nurhayati ◽

Nova Sylviana

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Rock Climbing ◽

Weight Lifting ◽

The Body ◽

Control Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bicycle Racing ◽

The Difference

Exercise when done regularly will give big impact to the body. One of the alteration in an athlete that can be made is the cardiovascular system change. This study aimed to discover the difference of heart rate and blood pressure between aerobic predominant athlete and anaerobic predominant athlete. The study design was case-control, data collected from 80 athletes divided into 40 aerobic predominant athletes (canoe, sail, gantole, shooting, and bicycle racing) and 40 anaerobic predominant athletes (weight lifting, taekwondo, softball, tarung derajat, and rock climbing) in KONI West Java, Bandung. Sample was collected by random sampling and analyzed by T test independent. The result showed there was significant difference of heart rate between aerobic predominant athlete and anaerobic predominant athlete (p=0,0001), and lower in aerobic. There was also no significant difference of systolic blood pressure between predominant aerobic athlete and predominant anaerobic athlete (p=0,404), and was higher in anaerobic. Another result showed no significant difference of diastolic blood pressure between predominant aerobic athlete and predominant anaerobic athlete (p=0,553) and was higher in anaerobic. In conclusion, there was significant difference of the heart rate, but no difference of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between aerobic predominant and anaerobic predominant athlete.

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Evaluation of Vital Signs’ Fluctuations and Behavioral Responses in the Assessment of Pain in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

10.21203/rs.3.rs-80593/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

atefeh ghanbari ◽

Ezzat Paryad ◽

Arefe safati ◽

Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli ◽

Elaheh Parsasalkisari

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pain Detection

Abstract BackgroundTraumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients suffer severe pain. The assessment of behavioral responses and vital signs seems to be necessary for pain detection in these patients, a matter that this study aims to evaluate.MethodsThis cross sectional study uses repeated measures and included ninety-seven TBI patients from Poorsina hospital, Rasht, Iran. Patients’ relevant parameters were recorded using demographic checklist, specifications related to the disease, RASS, CPOT, and FPT tools. The data subsequently were entered into SPSS software V. 21 and were analyze using several tests including Bonferroni’s inferential test and Greenhouse-Geisser test, multiple analysis regression coefficient and general linear model by GEE method.ResultsThe average age of patients was 42.3 ± 18.2. The average consciousness level was 9.30 ± 2.96. There was significant difference between the painful and non-painful stimulations in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.001). Heart rate (p < 0.001, r = 0.253), number of respiration (p < 0.001, r = 0.173), systolic (p = 0.002, r = 0.128) and diastolic (p<0.001, r=0.223) blood pressures had a positive correlation with behavioral responses. However, the arterial oxygen saturation showed a negative correlation with behavioral responses (p < 0.001, r = -0.361). Statistical models demonstrated a significant direct relationship between CPOT with heart rate (β = 2.39, p < 0.001) and both systolic blood pressure (β= 1.31, p=0.002) and the fluctuations of diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.690, p = 0.009). ConclusionIt seems that behavioral responses are appropriate indices for pain detection. However, vital signs are not capable of being considered as proper indexes for pain assessment since they changed during several procedures while remained unchanged in other tests.

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PERBEDAAN DENYUT JANTUNG DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA ATLET PREDOMINAN AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK KONI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2016

JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA ◽

10.51671/jifo.v1i1.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Hafiz Aziz ◽

Titing Nurhayati ◽

Nova Sylviana

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Rock Climbing ◽

Weight Lifting ◽

The Body ◽

Control Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bicycle Racing ◽

The Difference

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Comparison of the Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Parkinson's Women

The Open Nursing Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434601913010186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 186-192

Author(s):

Hamideh Yaghoobi ◽

Sahar Mohammadi ◽

Samaneh Sardashti ◽

Seddigheh Abbaspour ◽

Tahere Sarboozi Hossein-Abadi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Increased Risk

Background: People with low-mobility are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are less interested in participating in exercise activities due to the nature of the disease. Regular exercise and physical activity can play protective roles against heart disease by reducing risk factors. This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in women with PD. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 45 women with PD who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aerobic, resistance groups, and control group. Before and after training sessions, variables of weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), heart rate at rest state, maximum oxygen consumption, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of participants were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and Paired Sample t-test, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. A significant level of P≤0.05 was considered. Results: Demographics of physiological characteristics of subjects was congruent in all three groups in the baseline. After aerobic and resistance training, levels of triglyceride, LDL, total cholesterol, fat percentage, resting heart rate, weight, BMI and systolic blood pressure were significantly decreased (p<0.05). This change was more pronounced in the aerobic group; in contrast, variables of maximum oxygen consumption and HDL were meaningfully increased in participants of both experimental groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that both types of aerobic and resistance training can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women with PD, while the effect of aerobic training on reducing risk factors was more than resistance training.

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Comparing the effect of visual and non-visual music on functional factors in a progressive aerobic exercise program

International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology ◽

10.22631/ijaep.v6i3.192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Faezeh Alizadeh ◽

Zeinab Ramzani ◽

Ali Reza Amani

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Visual Music ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Factors ◽

The Impact

Objective: Aerobic exercises have a significant effect on losing weight and increasing the energy levels. This research aimed to increase the fatigue time in this type of exercises, making it more enjoyable. Method: In this study, eight physical education female students with the same preparedness level were selected by random sampling. The subjects participated ina periodic aerobic exercise during three stages with an interval of 48 hours. The test was based on the Bruce Protocol, which measured the burnout, the maximum oxygen consumption, the perceived exercise pressure, and the heart rate in each stage. Findings: the results revealed that there was a significant difference in the subjects’ burnout time (p = 0.039) while the impact of the visual music compared to the non-visual music in perceiving the exercise pressure was significantly different (p = 0.034). Nonetheless, while measuring the heart rate (p = 0.443), the maximum oxygen consumption (p <0.05) had no significant effect. Conclusion: In was found in the current research that the visual music can be a stronger factor than the non-visual music in making the exercise more enjoyable and increasing the fatigue time.

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Energy cost of walking with flat feet

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093648809078203 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 73-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. Otman ◽

O. Basgöze ◽

Y. Gökce-Kutsal

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Control Group ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Arch Support ◽

Arch Supports

A comparative study has been conducted to assess the effects of arch support on oxygen consumption in 20 subjects with flat feet who were generally complaining about fatigue, and also to explore whether their feeling of weariness was objective or not. The resting, walking and final recovery heart rates, blood pressures, and walking oxygen consumption values of the patients with flat feet were measured and calculated and compared to a control group using treadmill and oxygen consumption devices. In stage one the patients did not wear any arch support. Then suitable arch supports were prepared for each patient and in stage two they wore these arch supports. The results did not show any significant difference between the resting heart rates, blood pressure and oxygen consumptions. However, differences in walking heart rate, systolic blood pressure, final recovery heart rate, oxygen consumption, and energy cost values were found to be significant between stage one and two of the test in the patient group. The difference in walking diastolic blood pressure values without and with arch support were found to be insignificant. It may therefore be deduced that oxygen consumption during walking is decreased when a suitable arch support is applied to patients with flat feet.

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