Structural and functional adaptations of epilithic lichens of Umbilicaria genus in the White Sea coastal conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhella V. Sonina ◽  
Anna A.Tsunskaya
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Structural Adaptations ◽  
Epilithic Lichens

Anatomical and physiological characteristics (width of anatomical layers and the amount of photosynthetic pigments) of two epilithic lichen species Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader and U. deusta (L.) have been studied. The study took place on the supralittoral zone on the coast of the White Sea in two points: Kolezhma village and Keret village in 2014 and 2015. Ecological plasticity of mycobiont which contacts the environment and gives a niche to the photobiont have been revealed, based on the analysis of variance in the study of anatomical structures of two different types of habitats and between different samples of the same species. Coastal conditions provide favorable levels of humidity and light for the U. torrefacta and U. deusta species. This allows symbiotic organism to maintain a symbiotrophic balance due to the plasticity of the fungal symbiont which contacts the abiotic environment. At the same time these adaptation mechanisms do not include functional changes, such as photosynthetic apparatus of the autotrophic symbiont, conditions for which are set by the fungal organism. U. deusta and U. torrefacta species only show structural adaptations - the adaptations that follow the path of anatomical structure changes and the relative stability of the physiological parameters. The study shows that anatomical structure of thalli varies more significantly between the two species than within samples of the same species.

Epilithic lichens and their morphological adaptations to the conditions of the White and Barents Seas coast (Russian Arctic)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhella V. Sonina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Epilithic Lichens ◽  
Sea Coast

The main aim of our work was to investigate the biodiversity of coastal lichens, conditions of lichen cover formation, and study the structural and functional adaptations of Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach. and L. polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. The investigation was carried out during 2008-2012 on cliffs both along the Murmansk (the Barents Sea) coast and the southern and western shores of the White Sea. For the evaluation of species composition, and ecotopic coenotical features of epilithic lichen growing on cliffs, the geobotanical methods have been used. In addition, the anatomical, morphological and biochemical studies of Lecanora intricata and L. polytropa have been made. 91 species have been included in the total list of lichens on the White Sea coast. On the Murmask coast of the Barents Sea, 36 lichen species had revealed. On the coastal territory, the epilithic lichens inhabit the upper littoral and supralittoral zone. The lichen cover is formed by two interacting factors: the water factor (sea) and the terrestrial vegetation. Four lichen zones were distinguished in the all studying territories. They differed by the lichen species composition and effect of the sea. The first lichen’s zone is the intrazonal structure in the complex coastal lichen cover. In Lecanora polytropa and L. intricata, structural and functional features of lichens for adaptation to unstable coastal conditions were identified. The crustose biomorphs were better adapted to temperature and degree of hydration of thalli. Formation of the smallest ascospores is reproductive strategy of epilithic lichens in extreme habitats. High content of usnic acid in the studied lichen thalli allows them to exist in the open areas exposed to solar radiation and provides the biotic regulation that affects the structure of lichen cover. Optimal ratio of algal to fungal components in the thalli of these species is necessary to maintain their life in extreme environments.

Fauna associated with detached kelp in different types of subtidal habitats of the White Sea

1997 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Tzetlin ◽  
V. O. Mokievsky ◽  
A. N. Melnikov ◽  
M. V. Saphonov ◽  
T. G. Simdyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Different Types

Adaptations of epilithic lichens to the microclimate conditions of the White Sea coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhella V. Sonina ◽  
Anastasya D. Rumjantseva ◽  
Anna A. Tsunskaya ◽  
Vera I. Androsova
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Epilithic Lichens ◽  
Sea Coast

Anatomical and functional features of the following three epilithic lichens Umbilicaria torrefacta, Physcia caesia, Physcia dubia were studied. These species have different morphological characteristics of thalli and occupy similar environmental conditions on supralittoral of the White Sea coast. The studied lichens are widespread in the territory of Karelia. U. torrefacta is an obligate epilithic species, Physcia caesia and Physcia dubia colonize both bark of trees and stones. Within the study area, these species were found only on coastal boulders. Photobiont of all studied lichens is unicellular green alga of the genus Trebouxia (Purvis et al. 1992). Based on the study, it was found that Ph. caesia adapts to the environmental conditions through the variability of photosynthetic pigments level which is confirmed by a strong variation of the chlorophylls a/b ratio and chlorophylls/carotenoids ratio (coefficient of variation, CV > 42%) with the stability of anatomical structures (CV ≤ 11%) – functional adaptation. Lichen Ph. dubia adapts through the variability of anatomical layers (upper cortex, algal layer, medullae, lower cortex, thallus thickness) (CV > 22%), and amounts of photosynthetic pigments (CV > 19%) – structural and functional adaptation. For U. torrefacta, the structural adaptation to environmental conditions (CV thickness of anatomical layers > 28%, CV amounts of photosynthetic pigments – 7, 8%) was recorded.

The Community of the White Sea Microbenthos as an Indicator of the Sate of the Aquatic Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
V. L. Burkovskiy ◽  
A. K. Kashunin ◽  
A. I. Azovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea

ASSESSMENT OF PINE CROPS GROWTH IN BAIMAK FORESTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
T.Z. Mutallapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability

The article presents the results of evaluating the growth of Scots pine in the Baymak forest area. The analysis of forestry and taxation indicators of Scots pine crops on the studied sample areas is carried out, and a comparative assessment of the growth of forest crops growing in different types of forest is given. Increased competition in plantings leads to the natural decline of stunted trees, which is the result of differentiation in the stand. As a result, its structure changes, the number of large trees increases, and, accordingly, the stability of the forest ecosystem increases. In this regard, the appearance of the tree distribution curve by thickness levels also changes. It becomes more "flat", and its competitive load is more evenly distributed over the entire structure of the stand, and competition is weakened.

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