scholarly journals Use of nail dermoscopy in the management of melonychia: Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Starace ◽  
Aurora Alessandrini ◽  
Nicolò Brandi ◽  
Bianca Maria Piraccini
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Longitudinal Band

The term melanonychia describes a black-brown-gray pigmentation of the nail plate that, in most cases, appears as a longitudinal band. Melanonychia can be observed at any age, affecting one digit or several digits, in both fingernails and toenails. Its causes can be difficult to differentiate clinically and depend on the number of bands and on their color, edge, and width. For this reason, especially in adults and when the pigmentation is localized in one single digit, biopsy and histopathological examination still represent the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis. Dermoscopy should be used routinely in the evaluation of a pigmented nail, as it provides important information for the management of melanonychia and can help avoid unnecessary nail biopsies. In cases of melanonychia it is important to establish whether the pigment is melanin or not and to determine whether the pigmentation of melanin is due to activation or proliferation and whether it is benign or malignant.

Immunohistochemistry Particularities of Retroperitoneal Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1813-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu ◽  
Radu Dragos Marcu ◽  
Bogdan Socea ◽  
Tiberiu Paul Neagu ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Retroperitoneal Tumors ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
The One

Retroperitoneal space is called sometimes no man�s land�and for a good reason: this is disputed anatomical territory for many surgical and medical specialties. Their wide histological diversity and unspecific clinical presentation make them a challenge for the surgeon. In order to improve their detection immunohistochemistry seems to show promising results. Methods of detection have evolved over time to identify as much as possible the histological type of tumor. Because of this extreme variability immunohistochemistry through its various markers is the one that often sets the definitive diagnosis, the simple histopathological examination being insufficient. This paper aims to highlight the main markers used in retroperitoneal tumors. As it can be seen there is a huge histologic areal for these tumors. Some have proven some of them still not. Given the fact that there is a tendency toward personalized therapy it is imperative to identify the histological type of tumor as soon as possible.

Treatment of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis by Combination of Endoscopic Sinus Debridement and Amphotericin B

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isam Alobid ◽  
Manuel Bernal ◽  
Carlos Calvo ◽  
Isabel Vilaseca ◽  
Juan Berenguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Imaging Procedures ◽  
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Mucosal Necrosis

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is an aggressive fungal infection with a high mortality rate. It frequently develops in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised patients. RCM typically presents in a rapidly fulminant manner with headache, fever, mucosal necrosis, and ophthalmic symptoms. Although the definitive diagnosis is achieved by histopathological examination, computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) are the best imaging procedures in early diagnosis to assess the extent of the disease.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of KOH mount, fungal culture and PAS staining in onychomycosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Venkateswaramma Begari ◽  
Prathyusha Pathakumari ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Common Ailment ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Toe Nails ◽  
Morbid Conditions ◽  
Isolated Species

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Onychomycosis is a common ailment associated with significant physical and psychological morbidity. Increased prevalence in the recent years has attributed to enhanced longitivity, co morbid conditions like diabetes, avid spots participation and emergence of HIV. The objective of the study was to evaluate KOH mount, fungal culture and PAS staining of affected nail plate in diagnosis of onychomycosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was carried out in OPD of Dermatology, PESIMSR, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh during the period of October 2010 to October 2012 including all patients showing classical clinical features of onychomycosis.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of patients were from 21-40 years age group i.e. 46%. 56% of finger nails were commonly involved than 36% toe nails. DLSO is the most common clinical variant accounting for 80%. Most common isolated species as <em>Trichophyton rubrum </em>(31.6%) followed by <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> 15.8% each. The sensitivity of KOH (81.82%), PAS (84.56%) and culture 57%. Both PAS and KOH were more sensitive than culture (p&lt;0.001). PAS was also more sensitive than KOH. The specificity of KOH 92.86%, culture 92.86% and PAS 57.14%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fungal culture though is the gold standard for the identification of pathogens but it takes minimum 2-3 weeks. Histopathological examination of nail clippings with PAS stain is simple, highly sensitive screening test.</p>

scholarly journals Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Presents as an Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy, a Rare Entity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen Al-Maghrabi ◽  
Daniyah Saleh ◽  
Abdelrazak Meliti
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Ectopic molar pregnancy is an uncommon event in clinical practice. In this paper, we report a case of ectopic complete molar pregnancy in a 39-year-old lady who presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and low-grade fever. Based on radiological and laboratory investigations, the differential diagnosis included ruptured ectopic pregnancy versus metastatic diseases. Ectopic hydatidiform molar pregnancies can occur at any extrauterine pelvic sites, yet more frequently affecting fallopian tubes. The histopathological examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis.

Granulomatous prostatitis: A clinico-pathological series of 27 cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 205141582097042
Author(s):  
Pooja Suteri ◽  
Arvind Ahuja ◽  
Achin K Sen ◽  
Hemant Goel ◽  
Minakshi Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Granulomatous Prostatitis

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence and discern the histomorphological spectrum of granulomatous prostatitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of histopathological records of 1773 prostatic specimens received in the pathology department was done over a period of seven years. All histologically proven cases of granulomatous prostatitis were retrieved, the relevant clinical data were collected from patient records and the lesions were categorized accordingly. Results: Out of 1773 cases, 27 cases of granulomatous prostatitis were identified. The age range of these patients was between 50 and 89 years. Among the patients, non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) was the most common followed by tubercular prostatitis, post-surgical prostatitis and xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. Three cases of post-surgical prostatitis were associated with malignancy. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ranged between 0.8 and 20.94 ng/mL (median 10.78 ng/mL). The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided core biopsies, Trucut biopsies, transuretheral resection of prostate chips, prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy specimens. Conclusion: In the present study, the incidence of granulomatous prostatitis was 1.5%. The patients usually present as hard nodules on digital rectal examination along with raised serum PSA levels. Carcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia was kept as a clinical diagnosis in these cases. Since the diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is made on histopathological examination only, meticulous histomorphological assessment is therefore required to reach a definitive diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis.

scholarly journals Dermoscopy of the Month

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrija Jović ◽  
Danica Tiodorović ◽  
Danijela Popović ◽  
Hristina Kocić ◽  
Zorana Zlatanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nail Plate ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Longitudinal Band ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Longitudinal Melanonychia

Abstract Melanonychia refers to a brown or black coloration of the nail plate caused by numerous factors. Regarding the arrangement of pigmentation, we can differentiate between total melanonychia, when pigmentation involves the whole nail plate, or transverse or longitudinal melanonychia, when pigmentation involves the nail in a form of transverse or longitudinal band of pigmentation, respectively. Since longitudinal melanonychia can be a sign of numerous benign and malignant lesions, it often poses a diagnostic challenge for a dermatologist. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old girl who developed longitudinal melanonychia on multiple nails after receiving a therapy with azithromycin.

scholarly journals Gambaran histopatologi kanker payudara Periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2012

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syendi Tanriono
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Ductal Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Anatomical Pathology

Abstract: Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability of these cells to invade other biological tissues, either by direct growth in adjacent tissue (invasion) or by migration of cells to distant sites (metastasis). There are several methods that can be used in diagnosis of cancer. But until now, the gold standard to diagnosis of cancer is histopathological examination. The examination can determine the type of both malignant and benign cancers. Currently, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in worldwide, and became the highest cause of death from the other cancers. That is why the research was conducted in order to find out an overview of breast cancer histopathology. This research is a descriptive retrospective survey method through data collection, analysis, and evaluation of the amount of histopathological examination of breast cancer patients in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Manado period January 2012- December 2012. Data collected through the analysis of 163 medical records description of breast cancer histopathological period of January 2012- December 2012 were selected from a total sampling methods. These results indicate that the description of breast cancer histopathology most commonly found in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Manado period January 2012- December 2012 were fibroadenomas were 62 cases ( 38.1 % ) and ductal invasive carcinoma followed by 49 cases ( 30.1 % ). Most women and the most common age group 40-49 years. Breast cancer histopathology most commonly found in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Manado period January 2012- December 2012 were fibroadenomas were 62 cases ( 38.1 % ) and ductal invasive carcinoma followed by 49 cases ( 30.1 % ).Key words: breast cancer, histopathology   Abstrak: Kanker merupakan segolongan penyakit yang ditandai dengan pembelahan sel yang tidak terkendali dan kemampuan sel-sel tersebut untuk menyerang jaringan biologis lainya , baik dengan pertumbuhan langsung di jaringan yang bersebelahan (Invasi) atau dengan migrasi sel ke tempat yang jauh (metastasis). Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan dalam mendiagnosis kanker. Tetapi sampai sekarang yang menjadi gold standard dalam mendiagnosis kanker adalah pemeriksaan histopatologi. Dimana dalam pemeriksaan ini dapat menentukan jenis kanker baik ganas maupun jinak. Saat ini kanker payudara merupakan salah satu kanker yang paling banyak dijumpai diseluruh dunia, dan menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi akibat kanker. Maka dari itulah penelitian ini dilakukan guna untuk mencari tahu gambaran histopatologi kanker payudara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan metode survey retrospektif melalui pengumpulan data, analisis, dan evaluasi jumlah hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi penderita kanker payudara di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Manado periode januari 2012-desember 2012. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis pada 163 data rekam medis dari gambaran histopatologi kanker payudara periode januari 2012-desember 2012 yang dipilih dari metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa gambaran histopatologi kanker payudara yang paling banyak ditemukan di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Manado periode januari 2012-desember 2012 adalah fibroadenoma sebanyak 62 kasus (38.1%) dan diikuti duktal karsinoma invasif sebanyak 49 kasus (30.1%). Terbanyak pada perempuan dan umur tersering golongan 40-49 tahun. Gambaran histopatologi kanker payudara terbanyak di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Manado periode januari 2012-desember 2012 adalah fibroadenoma sebanyak 62 kasus (38.1%) dan diikuti duktal karsinoma invasif sebanyak 49 kasus (30.1%). Kata kunci: kanker payudara, histopatologi

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine tumor of appendix located Spiegel hernia – case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
Furkan Karahan ◽  
◽  
Arif Atay ◽  
Neşe Ekinci ◽  
Emine Özlem Gür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Incarcerated Hernia ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
First Case ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Well Differentiated

Introduction. Appendix, located within the Spiegel hernia is a rare condition. Few cases have been reported to date. Although it is generally asymptomatic, patients can apply with strangulation findings. Along with the physical examination findings, imaging methods play an important role in diagnosis and definitive diagnosis is made intraoperatively. Per-operative surgical method is determined according to the condition of the structures in the hernia sac. If an appendix is detected in the hernia sac, appendectomy is often preferred regardless of symptoms. Postoperative pathology is mostly benign but malign appendix pathologies should be kept in mind. Aim. Here, we aimed to present our case undergoing emergency surgery due to incarcerated hernia as it is the first case of appendix neuroendocrine tumor in the Spiegel hernia sac according to our literature review. Description of the case. A 77-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of nausea and vomiting was evaluated as an emergency. In the clinical evaluation of the patient, we detected ileus due to hernia. We operated on the patient and found the appendix and cecum in the spiegel hernia. We did appendectomy and hernia repair. Histopathological examination of the appendix revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Conclusion. Detection of the appendix in a Spiegel hernia is a rare condition. This is the first case of appendiceal malignancy in a Spiegelian hernia.

scholarly journals Giant asymptomatic borderline ovarian tumor in a patient suffering from choledocholithiasis and cholangitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
Sasa Kadija ◽  
Snezana Buzadzic ◽  
Ivana Likic
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Borderline Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Borderline Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Significant Size

Borderline tumors account for about 15% of all ovarian epithelial tumors and are usually diagnosed only when they reach a significant size causing abdominal pain or distension. Clinical, sonographic and Doppler examinations, as well as tumor marker levels cannot detect this type of ovarian tumor with certainty. The definitive diagnosis can only be established by a histopathological examination. We present a case of a 58-year-old patient operated on at our clinic for asymptomatic borderline ovarian tumor. Prior to admission, the patient underwent a medical check-up at the surgery department, where she was diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, and, consequently, the need for urgent surgical treatment for calculosis was excluded. In the presented case the ovarian tumor was revealed owing to the occurrence of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis. The choledocholithiasis and cholangitis, which contributed to the accurate diagnosis of the tumor, were at the same time some of the possible reasons for misleading diagnosis and therapy complications in our patient?s case.

Onychomycosis: An Analysis of 50 Cases and a Comparison of Diagnostic Techniques

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Borkowski ◽  
Marie Williams ◽  
Jean Holewinski ◽  
Bradley Bakotic
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Oral Medications

Onychomycosis is an extremely common condition that is increasing in prevalence. Although often innocuous, it may be complicated by discomfort and secondary bacterial infections. Recently introduced oral medications may be highly effective in the eradication of this condition; however, they may carry with them significant expense and potentially serious side effects. Prior to the initiation of antifungal oral therapy, definitive diagnosis is mandatory. This study compares the sensitivity of potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations, surgical pathology diagnostic testing (SPDT), and culture techniques for the detection of onychomycosis in 50 cases of clinically suspected onychomycosis. Analysis showed that SPDT was significantly more sensitive when compared to KOH and culture. The results suggest that SPDT may be the true gold standard for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(7): 351-355, 2001)

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