The Ethical Impermissibility of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy in Gender-Dysphoric Minors

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 321-332
Author(s):  
Phillip Berns ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

Gender dysphoria in children has become a hot-button topic; however, clinical data still remain sparse on the effects of hormone therapy and transitional surgery on the physical and psychological well-being of those children. The American College of Pediatricians (as opposed to the American Academy of Pediatrics) cites studies indicating that anywhere from 77 to 94 percent of boys and 73 to 88 percent of girls desist in GD; that is, following puberty the majority of children who experience GD will identify with their assigned biological sex. After reviewing the clinical studies, this paper addresses the notion of gender from a Thomistic perspective, locating gender as a differentiation in the matter of the person flowing from the essence of the soul, resulting from the power of generation as opposed to other differences such as sight, which functions the same regardless of material differences. As a result, the paper concludes that hormone therapy cannot be morally licit for children.

Body image and gender role perceived in gender dysphoria: Cross-sex hormone therapy effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S589-S589 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Corda ◽  
C. Bandecchi ◽  
V. Deiana ◽  
S. Pintore ◽  
F. Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Biological Sex

The gender dysphoria (GD) refers to the distress caused by the incongruence between gender identity and biological sex. This occurs, especially in pre-treatment cross-sex hormone therapy (CHT), with a marked dissatisfaction with their body image.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of perceived gender in a total of 20 subjects (9 MtFs and 11 FtMs), presented for initiation of CHT at the Psychiatric Clinic or Department of Endocrinology of University Hospital of Cagliari and deemed appropriate to take the transition path aimed at sex reassignment. On a subsample of 7 patients (2 MtFs and 5 FtMs) were then evaluated changes, in terms of improving the acceptance of body image, at 2 months after initiation of CHT, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) (focusing on MF, Gm and Gf scale), the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT).The MF scale shows a moderate elevation, which is reduced significantly as a result of correction for perceived gender rather than biological sex. MtFs get higher scores on the Gf scale and lower scores on the Gm scale than FtMs. This trend is confirmed by the average scores of BSRI: MtFs are more “feminine”; while the FtMs are less “masculine”. This denotes an excessive identification by MtFs with the female gender role. Before initiating the CHT, the BUT score was indicative of clinically significant distress, which decreased during the CHT.In conclusion, CHT reduces evidently body discomfort, due to the progressive reduction of the discrepancy between biological and desired gender.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Residency Training and Continuing Medical Education in School Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
School Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

Children between the ages of 5 and 18 spend a significant amount of their time in school. School health is a vital part of pediatric practice and an important concern for pediatric graduate medical education. There are few substantiated data, however, to suggest that residents entering pediatric practice or academic medicine are exposed to school health in a significant way. Many pediatricians, upon entering practice, find that they are consulted by school systems and parents whose children have problems related to school. Pediatricians find themselves unprepared for this new role and express the need for postgraduate education in school health.1-4 The American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Pediatric Education5 and the most recent report from the Pediatric Residency Review Committee have both underscored the appropriateness and importance of education in school health as an important part of the residency curriculum.6 The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that education in school health should be an important part of graduate medical education for pediatric residents and of continuing medical education for practicing pediatricians. Many advances in pediatrics that affect the well-being of the child relate directly to the school setting. Increased attention to federal legislation (Section 504 of PL 93-112, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; parts B and H of PL 102-119, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), health education including education about the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, new approaches to screening and health services in the schools, immunization requirements, physical fitness, and knowledge about the school environment—all are important aspects of school health and areas in which many residents and/or pediatricians have had little or no training or experience.

Caring for Your Adopted Child: An Essential Guide for Parents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Schulte ◽  
Robin Michaelson
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics

This comprehensive resource offers trusted parenting advice from a leading adoption medicine expert and the American Academy of Pediatrics, focusing on the physical and emotional well-being of children. https://shop.aap.org/caring-for-your-adopted-child-paperback/

Raising Pediatric Fees

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1013
Author(s):  
JAMES L. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Professional Teacher

This letter is written to support the idea that it would be a good thing for the children of this country if pediatricians raised their fees. This bald and mercenary-like statement can be made particularly by me without question of a selfish motive, and I make it only to emphasize certain trends in pediatric practice which I think are not to the advantage of the public or of the pediatricians. Most pediatricians work too hard and see too many patients. I assume the privilege of a confirmed professional teacher of pediatricians with a background approaching 30 years, to "point with pride" and "view with alarm" certain trends in pediatric practice. I believe we can name hardly any more important influence for the well-being of the children in this country than the modern development of the practice of pediatrics as influenced by the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatrics.

scholarly journals An Increased Presence of Male Personalities in Dissociative Identity Disorder after Initiating Testosterone Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Monique Mun ◽  
Mohan Gautam ◽  
Renee Maan ◽  
Bassem Krayem
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Dissociative Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence

Patients with gender dysphoria (GD) report significant dissociative symptoms and are found to have a high prevalence of a dissociative disorder of any kind. When GD patients elect to undergo cross-sex hormone therapy, there is a significant reduction in dissociative symptoms. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no known case reports that describe an alteration of personalities in dissociative identity disorder after initiating cross-sex hormone therapy. Thus, we present a case of a 20-year-old transgender male with GD, whom after initiating cross-sex hormone therapy with testosterone experienced an increased presence of his existing male personalities.

Cross-sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fabris ◽  
S. Bernardi ◽  
C. Trombetta
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Sex Hormone

Social Support and Psychological Well‐Being in Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison of Patients With Matched Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2976-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Davey ◽  
Walter P. Bouman ◽  
Jon Arcelus ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being
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