The Stakeholder Revolution and the Clarkson Principles

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Sloan Foundation ◽  
Encyclopedic Dictionary ◽  
Definition Of

What a difference a decade makes. Ten years ago the term “stakeholder” was slang for any neglected group affected by a corporation. To be sure, the word had been molded with precision by a thin, important line of management theorists. And to be sure also the word was sometimes used by managers who wanted to justify their personal commitments to groups other than stockholders, such as employees and customers. But like slang, “stakeholder” seemed perfectly plastic and therefore conceptually flawed. It meant one thing to one person, something else to another.Today the term has arrived. Management journals and consultants flaunt it, and articles devoted to one or another interpretation of stakeholder theory are commonplace. Both the Encyclopedia of Management (Freeman 1998) and the Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics (Freeman 1997) identify stakeholder theory as one of a tiny handful of recognized models for interpreting corporate responsibility. As the term rose to prominence, it acquired more solidity, and while varying interpretations of it can be found, a core of meaning pervades current stakeholder literature.The success of the stakeholder terminology and of its accompanying theory has not been accidental. One of the influential forces galvanizing attention was the six-year effort on the definition of the corporation, sponsored by the Sloan Foundation, that situated the stakeholder concept at the center of its project. Through this project, books, conferences, meetings with stakeholder groups, and finally the “Principles of Stakeholder Management,” commonly referred to as the “Clarkson Principles,” brought energy and interest to stakeholder research.

scholarly journals Incumbent Stakeholder Management Performance and New Entry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Laplume ◽  
Kent Walker ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Stakeholder Group ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Very High ◽  
New Entry

Abstract Instrumental stakeholder theory seeks to explain how managing stakeholders effectively can yield competitive advantage for incumbent firms. We extend instrumental stakeholder theory to explain and predict future competition operationalized as new entrepreneurial entries. Our study is among the first to empirically examine the relationships between aggregate stakeholder management performance and the entrepreneurial entries of individuals. Using a combined U.S. dataset from 2003 to 2013 from the Kinder, Lydenberg and Domini (KLD) Index, Compustat, and Kauffman’s Entrepreneurship Survey, we find support for three hypotheses. First, higher levels of stakeholder management performance are related to lower rates of entrepreneurial entry. Second, a curvilinear relationship exists between stakeholder management performance and entrepreneurial entry, where both low and very high stakeholder management performance increase entrepreneurial entry. Third, the greater the variance in stakeholder management performance across stakeholders, the more entrepreneurial entry. Our findings suggest that managing for stakeholders can help to avoid future competition. We add an entrepreneurship lens to the business ethics of stakeholder theory showing how incumbent stakeholder management performance shapes opportunities for entrepreneurs, a largely neglected stakeholder group.

A Feminist Reinterpretation of The Stakeholder Concept

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Wicks ◽  
Daniel R. Gilbert ◽  
R. Edward Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Feminist Thought ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Integrating Ethics

Abstract:Stakeholder theory has become one of the most important developments in the field of business ethics. While this concept has evolved and gained prominence as a method of integrating ethics into the basic purposes and strategic objectives of the firm, the authors argue that stakeholder theory has retained certain “masculinist” assumptions from the wider business literature that limit its usefulness. The resources of feminist thought, specifically the work of Carol Gilligan, provide a means of reinterpreting the stakeholder concept in a way that overcomes many of the existing limitations. This reading provides a different understanding of the identity and meaning of the firm, specifically in terms of its relationship to stakeholder groups and what it means for a firm to succeed. The alternatives proposed also converge with recent trends in the wider management literature and provide practical guidance for firms which face a myriad of challenges in the increasingly complex and global marketplace.

From Instrumental Stakeholder Theory to Stakeholder Capitalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André O. Laplume
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Entrants

Instrumental stakeholder theory posits that managing for stakeholders using justice-based approaches produces competitive advantage for firms. However, achieving the ideals of stakeholder management may be challenging, and for some firms, unrewarding. Yet, when firms fail to manage for stakeholders, they contribute to stakeholder marginalization, a condition in which stakeholders feel unfairly treated and begin to scan for alternative arrangements with other firms. Stakeholder marginalization creates opportunities for competitors, but especially for new entrants, to pursue stakeholder innovation. Stakeholder innovation involves the creation of a business model that caters to marginalized stakeholder groups in a new way, by improving perceived conditions for those stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees, suppliers, or communities). Stakeholder innovations can threaten incumbencies as their ecosystems bloom and technologies improve, and they can start to draw a greater variety of resources away from incumbent networks. Because it can help to explain and predict both incumbent and new entrant behaviors, stakeholder capitalism is a useful frame for theorizing in the disciplines of management and entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals NILAI ETIKA BISNIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Noor Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Economic Ethics ◽  
Business People ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the people of South Kalimantan, there are sub-ethnic groups who are well-known as successful business people / entrepreneurs and can maintain their business in a relatively long time, namely Alabio. historically, Alabio have become traders/businessmen who are undoubtedly their trade characteristics. His success in commerce even began when there was a belief in "mysticism", namely since the days of the state of Daha and Dipa were founded. The results of research on business ethics values used by Alabio for social studies showed that the business ethics values of Alabio for social studies learning were not fully utilized by social studies teachers, to facilitate teachers in compiling learning resources based on the Competency Standards of Business Ethics / Economic Ethics, namely Business ethics values used by Alabio can be used in social studies material in class VII, namely on the material of economic ethics in utilizing the factors of production in the life of business, the definition of business, company and business entity, and considerations that need to be considered in doing business.Key Word:  Business Ethics, Alabio People, Social Studies Learning AbstractMasyarakat Kalimantan Selatan, ada kelompok sub-etnis yang dikenal sebagai pengusaha sukses dan dapat mempertahankan bisnis mereka dalam waktu yang relatif lama, yaitu Alabio. Secara historis, Alabio telah menjadi pedagang/pengusaha yang tidak diragukan lagi adalah karakteristik perdagangan mereka. Keberhasilannya dalam perdagangan bahkan dimulai ketika ada keyakinan dalam "mistisisme", yaitu sejak zaman negara bagian Daha dan Dipa didirikan. Hasil penelitian tentang nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio untuk studi sosial menunjukkan bahwa nilai etika bisnis Alabio untuk pembelajaran IPS tidak sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan oleh guru IPS, untuk memfasilitasi guru dalam menyusun sumber belajar berdasarkan Standar Kompetensi Etika Bisnis. Etika Ekonomi, yaitu nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio dapat digunakan dalam bahan studi sosial di kelas VII, yaitu pada materi etika ekonomi dalam memanfaatkan faktor-faktor produksi dalam kehidupan suatu perusahaan dan entitas bisnis, dan pertimbangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam melakukan bisnis.Kata Kunci: Etika Bisnis, Masyarakat Alabio, Pembelajaran IPS

scholarly journals Strategic stakeholder management by corporate social responsibility: Some conceptual thoughts

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Stiglbauer
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Supervisory Boards ◽  
Corporate Strategic Management ◽  
Corporate Social

The sustainability and responsibility of corporate strategic management has become an important issue in recent years, not only against the background of the current financial and economic crisis. Companies are expected not only to succeed economically, but also ecologically and socially. Companies can use the issue of corporate responsibility to capture new markets and opportunities. But new requirements arise. Thus, stakeholders may exert pressure on companies to assume social responsibility, whereas executives shall lead by example. This paper tries to assess possiblities to meet stakeholder expectations towards companies by implementing corporate social responsibility concepts. We identify primary and secondary stakeholders of companies by using salience theory and try to give conceptual answers how the well-known concept of Caroll‟s corporate social responsibility pyramid my help to improve the current situation and to take top management and supervisory boards into account to establish a change of focus on corporate social responsibility not just as a hot topic.

scholarly journals The constitution of the alcoholic self, communicative processes and administrative practices: On the varied uses of four terms denoting problematic drinking

2020 ◽  
pp. 145507252096949
Author(s):  
Filip Roumeliotis ◽  
Frida Carlsson ◽  
Linn Johansson Erkenfelt ◽  
Lisa Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Systems Practice ◽  
Actual Meaning ◽  
To Come ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Definition Of

Aims: The aims of this article were to examine the various meanings ascribed by three stakeholder groups – social workers, journalists and individuals with previous experience of problematic drinking – to four widely used terms in the alcohol field – alcoholism, alcohol dependence, alcohol misuse and risky drinking – and to examine how variations in the definitions of these terms correspond to specific pragmatic needs arising within different practices. Design: We conducted focus-group interviews with 15 individuals from the above-mentioned stakeholder groups. We identified three practices, we identified three practices which shaped the meanings ascribed to the four terms denoting problematic drinking. Results: The results showed that the meanings ascribed to the four terms were both fixed and fluid. For the individuals with previous experience of problematic drinking, the four terms had fixed meanings, and their definition of the term “alcoholism” as denoting a disease, for example, was vital to the practice through which they sought to come to an understanding of themselves (“practice of self”). The social workers and the journalists on the other hand saw the four terms as being context dependent – as fluid and imprecise. This allowed them to establish trustful communicative relationships with informants and clients (“practice of trustful communication”), and to control the communicative process and successfully navigate between different administrative systems (“practice of administration”). Conclusions: Since the meanings ascribed to the examined terms denoting problematic drinking are shaped within varying practices, confusion regarding the actual meaning of a given term could be avoided by referring to the practical context in which it is used.

Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Walters ◽  
Richard Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Football Industry

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly significant for a wide range of organisations and for the managers that work within them. This is particularly true in the sport industry, where CSR is now an important area of focus for sport organisations, sport events and individual athletes. This article demonstrates how CSR can inform both theoretical debates and management practice within sport organisations. It does so by focusing on stakeholder theory, which overlaps considerably with CSR. In this article, stakeholder theory is used to examine three major CSR issues: stakeholder definition and salience, firm actions and responses, and stakeholder actions and responses. These three issues are considered in the context of the UK football industry. The article draws on 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews with senior representatives from a number of different organisations. These include the director of a large professional football club; a chief executive of a medium-sized professional football club in addition to the supporter-elected director; and the vice-chairman of a small professional football club. Additional interviews were undertaken with five representatives from national supporter organisations, two board members at two large supporter associations, two representatives from the Football League, one representative from the Independent Football Commission, and a prominent sports journalist. The analysis of the interview data illustrates ways in which CSR can be implemented by sport organisations through stakeholder management strategies. The article concludes that stakeholder theory has both conceptual and empirical value and can be used to illuminate key issues in sport management.

scholarly journals The assessment of positive impacts in LCA of products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim R. Croes ◽  
Walter J.V. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Life Cycle Assess ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Rebound Effects ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positive Impacts

Abstract Purpose The objective of this paper is to open a discussion on the implications and challenges of including positive impacts in LCAs of products and to propose a set of criteria for their inclusion in LCA in general and in the Oiconomy system in particular. Methods Using the existing literature, guided by the recent reviews by Di Cesare et al. (2018), Petti et al. (2016), and Ekener-Petersen et al. (Int J Life Cycle Assess 23(3):1–13, 2016) and our own experience and logic, we assess ethical and practical issues, shortcomings, potential inconsistencies, and problems of inclusion of positive impacts and propose criteria for inclusion of positive impacts in LCA. Results Discussed in relation to the inclusion of positive impacts in LCA are the conflicting descriptive and prescriptive character of LCA, the inclusion of internalities, considering “absence of negative impacts” as positive, measuring by status or by change and the therewith involved temporal scope, moral consequences of comparing positive and negative impacts to different stakeholder groups, the requirement of a capacity-raising character and maintenance of a positive impact, rebound effects, R&D, background and foreground data on positive impacts, and the inclusion of employment and product utilities as positive impacts. Based on this assessment, we propose a set of criteria for the assessment of positive impacts in life cycle assessment in general and especially of positive contributions in the “Oiconomy system”. Conclusions This study demonstrates several serious ethical and practical issues and challenges related to inclusion of positive impacts in LCA. An especially difficult question is how to interpret the economic concepts of “externalities” and “internalities” in relation to LCA. A special definition of in- and externalities for LCA purposes is proposed. The importance of a “capacity-raising” character of a positive impact is demonstrated, but also some of the difficulties of distinguishing capacity raising from maintaining the current status. Important outcomes are that for a consistent LCA, inclusion of most internalities and absence of negative impacts must be dissuaded, which also applies to employment and wages unless without a range of additional criteria. Great caution must be taken with inclusion of product utilities, comparing the positives for one stakeholder group with the negatives for another and mixing measurement by status with measurement by change.

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